Types of Rocks

Types of RocksSedimentary

IgneousMetamorphic

Sedimentary Rock

• Write the term and what you believe it to mean

Sedimentary

• Contains sediments• Sediments can include:– mud, sand, pebbles, shells, bones, leaves, stems

and other remains of living things

This is breccia, a type of sedimentary rock. See the “pieces” in the rock. These are pieces of broken rocks. These pieces get “cemented” my minerals.

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Rock pieces!

Rock pieces!

Rock pieces!

This is sandstone. It is made of small, sand sized weathered rock.

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This is coal. This is an “organic” sedimentary rock. It is made from dead plants. Thick layers of dead plants form, and the pressure compacts it into a rock.

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What do you think is the definition for sedimentary rock?

Sedimentary RockDefinition

• Type of rock formed by compacting and cementing of sediments

• Draw a picture to help you remember the definition and rate your level of understanding

Igneous Rock

• Write the term and what you believe it to mean

Igneous

• These are made from molten rock• Some form underground and are called

“intrusive igneous rocks”• Some form above ground and are called

“extrusive igneous rocks”

This is basalt. It is mostly made of the minerals plagioclase and pyroxene. It commonly forms as an extrusive rock such as a lava flow.

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This is pumice. It forms after a very fast solidification of the melt (it goes from a liquid to a solid quickly!) It has holes because gas was trapped in the melt when it became a solid.

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This is pegmatite. It is an intrusive igneous rock. It forms near the margins of a magma chamber and contains rare minerals not found in other parts of the magma chamber.

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What do you think is the definition for igneous rock?

Igneous RockDefinition

• Type of rock made when molten (liquid) rock cools

• Draw a picture to help you remember the definition and rate your level of understanding

Metamorphic Rock

• Write the term and what you believe it to mean

Metamorphic

• Extreme heat, pressure, and chemical process alter the mineralogy, texture, and chemical composition of rocks

• There are foliated metamorphic rocks which have a banded appearance and are created by heat and pressure

• Non-foliated metamorphic rocks are not banded

This is gneiss. It is a foliated metamorphic rock that is made up of granular mineral grains. It usually has quartz and feldspar minerals.

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See the bands!

See the bands!

This is marble. It is a non-foliated metamorphic rock that is a metamorphism of limestone.

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This is schist. It is a foliated metamorphic rock. It contains a lot of mica which allows it to split into thin pieces.

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What do you think is the definition for metamorphic rock?

Metamorphic RockDefinition

• Type of rock that is changed due to chemical reactions, heat and/or pressure

• Draw a picture to help you remember the definition and rate your level of understanding