Types of rocks

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What is a rock?

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• Most rocks are made of minerals.

• Rocks can be put into three basic rock

types: igneous, sedimentary, and

metamorphic.

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Geologists

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Three Types of Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks

Metamorphic RocksIgneous Rocks

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Types of Rocks

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Igneous Rocks

• Fire Rocks

• Formed underground by trapped, cooled

magma

• Formed above ground when volcanoes

erupt and magma cools

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• The oldest type of all rocks is the igneous rock

• Deep inside the earth, the temperature is very high

and the minerals there are in liquid form called

magma. As the magma pushes towards the earth's

surface, it starts to cool and turns into solid igneous

rock.

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Types of Igneous Rocks

Granite Scoria

Pumice Obsidian

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Sedimentary Rocks

• Wind and water break down the earth

• Bits of earth settle in lakes and rivers

• Layers are formed and build up

• Pressure and time turn the layers to rock

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• Erosion means that rocks are broken up into smaller pieces by wind, water, and ice. These small pieces of rock turn into pebbles, gravel, sand, and clay.

• These pieces settle in a new place and begin to pile up and the sediments form flat layers. Over a long period of time, the pieces become pressed together and form solid rock called sedimentary rock.

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Types of Sedimentary Rocks

Gypsum

Sandstone

Shale

Limestone

Conglomerate

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Metamorphic Rocks

• Rocks that have changed

• They were once igneous or sedimentary

• Pressure and heat changed the rocks

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Metamorphic rocks form deep in the earth

where high temperature,

great pressure,

and chemical reactions cause one type of rock to

change into another type of rock over time.

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Types of Metamorphic Rocks

Schist Gneiss

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Famous Rocks Scavenger Hunt

Let the Hunt Begin! How many

of these rocks do you know?8/4/2010

The faces of four great American

presidents are carved in this granite

mountain in South Dakota?

Mount Rushmore

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Independence Rock

This was an important landmark for the pioneers

traveling out west.

Many of the travelers carved or painted their

names on this rock.

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Mount Saint Helen

There are about 500 active volcanoes in the

world today. The most famous volcano in the

United States is?(hint: it is in the state of Washington)

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Grand Canyon

You can see many layers of colorful

sedimentary rock in this canyon in Arizona.

A long time ago, it was under water.

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Hope Diamond

This famous diamond is the largest stone

found of this type.

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Stone Mountain

The world's largest mass of exposed

granite is located in Georgia. This mass is

sometimes called

“The Eighth Wonder of the World".

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Garden of the Gods

This famous rock formation is a region of huge

red and white sandstone rock masses that rise

in strange shapes. This rock formation is

located near Colorado Springs, Colorado.

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Rocks are Different Sizes

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The Importance of Rocks and Minerals

Name Type of Rock Use

Basalt Igneous Used in road building

materials

Calcite Mineral Used in cements and mortars and the production of lime

Granite Igneous Used for buildings, monuments, and tombstones

Marble Metamorphic Used in building, floors, tile in bathrooms

Obsidian Igneous Used in making arrowheads and knives

Pumice Igneous Used in scouring, scrubbing, and polishing materials

Quartz Mineral Used in making glass, electrical components, and optical lenses

Sandstone Sedimentary Used in the building industry for houses

Slate Metamorphic Used for roofs, chalkboards, and patio walks

Uses of Rock and Minerals

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SEDIMENTARY rock Has been formed in layers

Often found near water sources With fossils from decayers

Then there's IGNEOUS rock Here since Earth was born

Molten Lava, cooled and hardened That's how it is formed

These two types of rocks Can also be transformed

With pressure, heat and chemicals METAMORPHIC they'll become.8/4/2010

• Rocks is a natural material called minerals.

• Some types of rock, such as granite, are very hard.

• Some types of rock, such as chalk, are very soft.

• Rocks come in many different colors.

• Rocks have different patterns in them.

• Rock does not burn when it is heated.

• Rock does not let electricity flow through it.

• Rock is not attracted by magnets.

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Credits

• http://library.thinkquest.org/J002289/

• http://www.unitedsteaming.com

Rocks: The Solid Earth Materials #1 (clips)

Magic School Bus Rocks and Rolls

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