Types of Computer New Final

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Types of Computer


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Types of computer

Type ofcomputer

Digitalcomputer

Analogcomputer

HybridComputer

MicroComputer

Main frameComputer

SuperComputer

MiniComputer


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Types of computer

Computers are classified into three types with

respect to Function or Internal hardware structure

or Logic used

Digital Computer

Analog Computer

Hybrid Computer


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Digital Computers

Digital Computers works on discrete data.

Discrete data refers to discrete values such as 0, 1.

Digital computers works on 0,1(Binary Numbers)

These computers based on the presence or absence

of an electrical charge or binary 0 & 1.

The native language of this class is therefore called

binary language (Machine Language)

These Systems are more accurate and precise than

others

Examples: - calculators, digital watches etc


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5

Analog Computer

Analog Computers works on continues data.

Continues data refers to those values that cannot be discrete.

Temperature, air pressure, speed, current,weight etc

Analog computer calculates the result bymeasuring the continuous change in thesequantities

Analog computers do not require any storagecapability because they measure and comparequantities in a single operation

These Systems are more speedy than digital


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Hybrid Computer

Combine the best feature of both digital and

analog systems

Works on both analog and digital data

Speedy like analog

Accuracy like digital

They are used mainly in specialized applications where

both analog and digital information needs processing

Weather forecasting, Air Defense, Radar Controlling

systems, digital petrol pumps etc. In petrol pumps, fuel flow converts into quantity and

then quantity is converted into values.


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Types of digital computer

MICRO COMPTUERS

MINI COMPUTERS

MAINFRAME COMPUTERS

SUPER COMPUTERS


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MICRO COMPUTERS

These computers are small in size.

A micro computer use to have Primary memory rangefrom a few Kilobytes to Gigabytes.

They are usually designed for personal use thereforethey are also called as Personal Computers (i.e. PC).

These computers can easily be accommodated on thetop of a desk due to their small size and hence are alsocalled as DESKTOP computers.

There is another kind of Micro Computer which caneasily be placed on the lap and such computer is called

as Laptops. These Laptops can be easily carried in asmall briefcase.

Micro Computers are highly flexible. These are alsocalled CHIP Computers because its entire circuitry isfabricated on a single chip.


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MICRO COMPUTERS (Contd)

Examples:-IBM, APPLE, COMPAC, RADIOSHACK, COMMODORE, ATARI,

IBM compatibles:- 286,386,486,Pentium-I,Pentium-II,Pantium-III,Pentium-IV etc

Handheld PCs (such as PDAs) lack the power of adesktop or notebook PC, but offer features for

users who need limited functions and small

size.
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A Multi-Core Processor is a processing system composedof two or more independent cores. The cores are typicallyintegrated onto a single integrated circuit die(known as a chipmultiprocessor or CMP).

Core

Basic processing area of a computer processor

Die

A die in the context of integrated circuits is a small block ofsemiconducting material, on which a given functional circuitis fabricated.

A medium-scale integrated circuit die


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A Dual-Core and Core 2 Duo Processor contains twocores, and a Quad-Core Processor contains four cores.

A Multi-core processor implements multiprocessing in asingle physical package.

Cores in a multi-core device coupled together tightly. Cores may or may not share caches.

Dual Core and Core 2 Duos are both dual core

processor.

Core2 duo only takes advantage because

The Core 2 Duo has the same L2 cache but it has more cachesize than a Dual core. However,

There are architectural changes to the silicon that give theCore 2 Duo more sophisticated processing.

The single- and dual-core models are single-die, whereas thequad-core models comprise two dies, each containing twocores, packaged in a multi-chip module.


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MINI COMPUTERS

These computers are smaller in size butlarger as compared to MicroComputers.

Less expensive Primary memory is usually in GIGA

Bytes

Designed for the computerization ofscientific research data.

Mini computer usually fills a small

shelf because it includes many types ofperipheral equipment attached to it.

Disks are used for secondary storage

Support up to hundreds of users at atime.

Examples: - PRIME-9755,VAX-8650,IBM SYSTEM-36 etc

Application :- Departmental systems(Network Servers)


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MAINFRAME COMPUTERS

These computers are very powerful.

Large in size, large in memory and powerful.

Mainframe computers are also capable of connecting

terminals with it. These computers are used in networked environment

and mainly as network servers.

Mainframe computers are very expensive. They areusually designed for the computerization of hugebusiness organizations, universities, banks, scientific

laboratories, national and international markets.

Multiple Input/Output devices are normally attachedwith a Mainframe computer.

The secondary storage use to be in the form disks in aMainframe computer.

Mainframes are measured in integer operations persecond or MIPS.


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MAINFRAME COMPUTERS (Contd)

These computers also allow different users to work onit at the same time like Mini computers but the numberof users can be much more than that of the Mini

computers (up to thousands users can work at a timeon a single Mainframe computer).

Examples:- IBM-4381, IBM-360, ICL-2900,NEC-610etc


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SUPER COMPUTERS

Supercomputer is a computer that is at the frontline of

current processing, capacity, particularly speed of

calculation.

Supercomputers are the most powerful computers.

They are used for problems requiring complex

calculations.

It is not possible to consider one computer system as

the most powerful, because the power of a computer is

not linear.

Super Computers are very difficult to design, it

requires lot of research and development and at the

same time they are very much expansive to

manufacture.

Presently approximately 30-50 Super Computers aresold per annum.


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SUPER COMPUTERS (Contd)

The speed of a super computer is enormous as it wascalculated at a rate of 64 billions instruction persecond, like Cray T90.

But now, The speed of a supercomputer is measured in "FLOPS"

Such as "TFLOPS" (10 power 12FLOPS)(1,000,000,000,000 ), or "PFLOPS" (10power15 FLOPS,) (1,000,000,000,000,000 operationper second).

Example of floating point operation is the calculationof mathematical equations in real numbers.

Types of Computer New Final

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