CHAPTER-4 © atish shrestha
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CHAPTER-4
© atish shrestha
After completing the lesson, the students will be able to :
i) Classify the computer on the basis of working principle
ii) Classify the computer on the basis of size
iii) Classify the computer on the basis of brand
iv) Classify the computer on the basis of model
© atish shrestha
The grouping of computers on different attributes is known as classification of computers. The computer can be classified in the following ways:
i) Classification on the basis of working principle
ii) Classification on the basis of size
iii) Classification on the basis of brand
iv) Classification on the basis of model
Note: attribute = (विशेषता) a quality or characteristic that someone or something has
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Analog Computer
Digital Computer
Hybrid Computer
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They are actually measuring devices
They measure continuous type of data and use a physical quantity, such as temperature, pressure, speed, weight etc.
They are dedicated to single task
They have less accuracy
Thye have less memory and less storage capacity
Eg. Speedometer, Seismograph, analog watch etc.
© atish shrestha
© atish shrestha
They work with data in term of discrete number or digit
They perform task by using binary digits (0s & 1s)
They are dedicated to multiple tasks
They have high accuracy
Thye have huge memory and high storage capacity
Eg. Laptop, IBM PC, Macintosh
© atish shrestha
© atish shrestha
They process both analog and digital data “Hybrid computer is a digital computer that
accepts analog signals, converts them to digital and processes them in digital form”
It accepts a continuously varying input, which is then converted into a set of discrete values for digital processing.
Examples: · Hybrid computer is the computer used in hospitals to measure the heartbeat of the patient.
· Devices used in petrol pump.
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© atish shrestha
Super Computer
Mainframe Computer
Mini Computer
Micro Computer
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They are the largest, fastest, most powerful, and most expensive computers made.
Supercomputers can be accessed by many individuals at the same time.
Supercomputers are used primarily for scientific applications that are mathematically intensive.
Supercomputers derive much of their speed from the use of multiple processors.
Eg.
Cray-1, Cray-2, Control Data Cyber 205, ETA
They are mainly used for weather forecasting, aircraft design, nuclear energy research.
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© atish shrestha
© atish shrestha
They are more powerful than Mini computer and less powerful than super computer.
A single mainframe computer can be used by hundreds of people at once.
Mainframe computers are priced between $100,000 and $2,000,000.
They are used in large organizations such as banks, airlines, and universities where many users need frequent access to the same data.
They are specially used as servers on the world wide web
Eg. IBM S/3909, Amdahl 580, Control Data Cyber 176
© atish shrestha
© atish shrestha
They are more powerful than Micro computer and less powerful than Mainframe computer.
Many users can use one mini computer at the same time.
They are commonly used as server in network.
They are used in business, education and many other fields.
Eg. PDP-11
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© atish shrestha
They are also known as personal computer or PC.
They use micro processor as their CPU.
They are easy to use and can be used by one person at a time.
Eg. PC, apple computers, smart phones, tablet etc.
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© atish shrestha
IBM PC
IBM Compatible
Apple / Macintosh
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IBM PC is the brand name of the first popular commercial PC developed by the IBM Corporation in 1981.
An IBM PC is a Windows or DOS machine which was manufactured and sold by International Business Machines (IBM).
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An IBM compatible PC is a personal computer not manufactured by IBM that follows the same hardware design and is able to use the same software.
Today, ALL PCs are IBM compatible since IBM no longer makes PCs.
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The computer developed by apple company is called apple computer.
The operating system and other peripherals are completely different from IBM and IBM compatible.
They are more expensive, and especially used in desktop publishing.
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XT computers
AT computers
PS/2 computers
Pentium computers
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Its full form is Extended Technology.
They are the oldest technology and slow.
They were totally based on text based system.
They used 8086 or 8088 microprocessor.
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Its full form is Advanced Technology.
They were faster in speed.
They were based on both CUI and GUI.
They used 80286 microprocessor.
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Its full form is Personal System / 2.
They were built after 90s and mostly used in laptops.
They were based on both GUI.
PS/2 was an IBM computer introduced in 1987. It featured improved graphics, a 3.5-inch diskette drive.
© atish shrestha
Pentium is the brand name of a series of microprocessors produced by Intel Corporation.
The first microprocessor in the Pentium series was the Pentium 1.
The computers using pentium processors are pentium computers.
This is the latest model computer.
© atish shrestha
© atish shrestha
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