VILNIUS UNIVERSITY KAUNAS FACULTY OF HUMANITIES Types of Competitions Student: Gediminas Urbonas VI3 Teacher: Dileta Aleksendravičienė
VILNIUS UNIVERSITYKAUNAS FACULTY OF HUMANITIES
Types of Competitions
Student: Gediminas Urbonas VI3Teacher: Dileta Aleksendravičienė
There are many producers and many consumers in the market, and no business has total control over the market price.
Consumers perceive that there are non-price differences among the competitors products.
There are few barriers to entry and exit. Producers have a degree of control over
price.
Monopolistic Competition
Monopolistically competitive markets have the following characteristics:
Product differentiation Many firms No entry and exit cost in the long run Independent decision making Some degree of market power
Major characteristics
In many markets, such as toothpastes and toilet paper, producers practice product differentiation by altering the physical composition of products, using special packaging, or simply claiming to have superior products based on brand images or advertising.
Examples
An oligopoly is a market structure in which a few firms dominate. When a market is shared between a few firms, it is said to be highly concentrated.
Oligopoly
Ability to set price High barriers to entry and exit Number of firms Long run profits Product differentiation Perfect knowledge Non-Price Competition
Characteristics
Five banks (Barclays, Halifax, HSBC, Lloyds TSB and Natwest) dominate the UK banking sector, they were accused of being an oligopoly by the relative newcomer Virgin bank
Four companies (Tesco, Sainsbury's, Asda and Morissons) share 74.4% of the grocery market
Examples
A situation in which a single company or group owns all or nearly all of the market for a given type of product or service.
Monopoly
Price Maker: Decides the price of the good or product to be sold.
High Barriers: Other sellers are unable to enter the market of the monopoly.
Single seller: In a monopoly, there is one seller of the good that produces all the output.
Price Discrimination: A monopolist can change the price and quality of the product.
Characteristics
Examples of monopolies include: Local telephone service Water service Cable television The U.S. Postal Service
Examples
Perfect competition (sometimes called pure competition) describes markets such that no participants are large enough to have the market power to set the price of a products.
Perfect competition
A large number buyers and sellers No barriers of entry and exit Perfect factor mobility Zero transaction costs Homogeneous products
characteristics
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