type of wall

8/3/2019 type of wall

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WALL



FUNCTION

To provide protection from weather, animal

To divide the areas

Act as sound barriers

As fire walls to attenuate the spread of firefrom one building unit to another

Separate the interior spaces

To improve the building appearance

To provide privacy



MATERIAL FOR WALL

CONSTRUCTION

Timber, brick, concrete block, reinforcedconcrete can be used for wall construction.

Good for wall construction due it’s durability,

beauty and able to provide comfortable area Cengal is suitable to be used at hot and cold

climate area

Meranti can be used for all types of constructionin the building.

Reinforced concrete used for precast concretepanel



WALL CLASIFICATION

There are 2 types of wall that is:

a) Load Bearing Wall

Able to carry the load from above (ownweight & load from roof) and transfer it to

the foundation.

b) Non Load Bearing WallOnly carry their own weight



LOAD BEARING WALL

It can be exterior wall or interior wall

It brace from the roof to the floor

Pre Cast Concrete Wall Retaining Wall

Masonry Wall

Pre Panelized Load Bearing Metal Stud Walls Engineering Brick Wall (115mm, 225mm)

Stone Wall



As the height of the building increased,

required thickness of wall and resulting stress

on foundation will also increase and cause it tobe uneconomical.





Able To Carry Other Structure Weight Beside Its Own Weight



Load Bearing Wall



Removing a section of a load bearing wall to create a

pass-through requires adding a new beam and columns

to support the floor above.



LOAD BEARING WALL


http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/type-of-wall 12/48Precast Concrete Wall (Load Bearing Wall)



Pre Panelized Load Bearing Metal Stud Walls



Stone Wall (Load Bearing Wall)

http://users.pandora.be/adidas3d/adidas3d/stone/stone%20wall%201.jpg



Precast Concrete Wall (Load Bearing Wall)



Masonry Wall



Retaining Wall (Load Bearing Wall)



NON LOAD BEARING WALL

known as interior wall (doesn’t carry other

load than its own load)

Types of non load bearing wall

a) Hollow Concrete Block

b) Façade Bricks

c) Hollow Bricksd) Brick Wall (115mm, 225mm)



Brick Wall (Non Load Bearing Wall)

http://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=www.hd.org/Damon/photos/textures/_more2000/_more10/brick-wall-pale-yellow-1-BRM.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.hd.org/Damon/photos/_virtual/ByAuthor/BRM/archive-0.HTM&hl=en&h=480&w=640&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dbrick%2Bwall%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8



9’ Semi Hollow Brick (Non Load Bearing Wall)

http://www.indiaarchitectureinfo.com/construction/walls/wall2.gif



Façade Brick Wall (Non Load Bearing Wall)



Hollow Concrete Block Wall

(Non Load Bearing Wall)

http://www.allanblock.on.ca/images/product2.gif



BRICK’S BONDING

Stretcher Bond

English Bond

Flemish Bond

Raking Bond

English Garden Wall Bond

Common / American Bond

Flemish Garden Wall Bond

Running Bond

Herringbone Bond



Header

A brick which is laid in a way that only the short end is

visible in the wall



Stretcher

A brick which is laid in a way that allows only the

longer side of the brick to be exposed.



Flemish Bond

Alternate bricks are placed as header and stretcher in

every course. Each header is placed centrally betweenthe stretcher immediately above and below. This is not

as strong as the English bond at 1 brick thick . Can be

successfully applied in cavity wall.



English Bond

Alternative courses of headers and stretchers; one

header placed centrally above each stretcher.This is a very strong bond when the wall is 1 brick thick

(or thicker).

One of the strongest brickwork bond patterns.

http://www.newportacademy.freeserve.co.uk/photos/reportpix/app861.jpg

http://www.diydata.com/planning/brick_bonds/englishsample.jpg



Stretcher Bond

Easiest bond to lay & minimizes the amount of cutting

requiredOriginally used for single brick walls, now called 1/2

brick walls it became the obvious choice for cavity

walls as less cutting was required.

http://images.google.com.my/imgres?imgurl=www.diydata.com/planning/brick_bonds/stretchersample.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.diydata.com/planning/brick_bonds/brick_bonds.htm&hl=en&h=113&w=274&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dstretcher%2Bbond%2Bwall%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26ie%3DUTF-8%26oe%3DUTF-8

http://www.glue-it.com/houses/general-information/glossary/s/pictures/stretcherbond-001.gif



Raking Bond

Herringbone and diagonal bonds can be effective

within an exposed framed construction, or contained

within restraining brick courses.



English Garden Wall Bond

An alternative version of English bond with header

courses being inserted at every fourth or sixth course.

This is a correspondingly weaker bond.

Suitable for free standing wall.



Common / American Bond

A brickwork pattern in which all rows are stretchers,

except an eighth row of headers



Flemish Garden Wall Bond

In this variant of Flemish bond, one header is placed

at every third stretcher



Running BondConsist of all stretchers

No header used in this bond so metal ties are used

Cavity wall construction & veneered walls of brick



Herringbone Bond

It is a purely decorative bond.

It is used in floor and wall panels.



CAVITY WALL

“A wall constructed in 2 leaves / skins with a

space / cavity between them”

“A type of building wall construction

consisting of an outer wall fastened to inner

wall separated by an air space”

FUNCTION

To prevent the penetration of rain to the

internal surface of the wall



Cavity Wall



SHEAR WALL

A framed wall designed to resist lateral wall

It is a vertical elements of the horizontal

force resisting system

It is used to resist wind and earthquake

loading on a building.

It is typically a wood frame stud walls

covered with a structural sheathing material

like plywood.





WALL FAILURE

Vertical bowing and horizontal bending or

collapse of wall is usually caused by the wall

not resisting vertical pressures from foundation

or upper floors & roofs or horizontal pressures

from strong winds and retained earth.



Usual cause for failure of wall are as follows:

- Overloading the wall, deflection of beamabove the wall will effect the wall below.

- Foundation failure

- Earthquake- Timber pest damage weakened the timber

wall

- Poor workmanship (improper brickwork)



Brick Wall Crack



Brick Wall Failure At The Roof Level



Cracked Wall



Failure In Brick Wall



Dry Rot On Timber Wall Panelling



Wall Failure Due To Earthquake



Termite Damage To The Timber Wall

LOVELY FLOWERS MAKES THE DAY MORE BEAUTIFUL



LOVELY FLOWERS MAKES THE DAY MORE BEAUTIFUL

type of wall

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