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Residential Water System 1
CHAPTERIINTRODUCTION
Waterisavitalkeyforhumansurvival.Waterconsumptionshould,then,begiventime
topondersincehumanactivitiesdeterioratesthepurityofnaturalwatersource.Insomeruralareas,
there still exist sources of potable water, however, most of the
urban places
andsurroundingrurallocalitiescannotbeabsolutelycertainthatwatersourcesintheirvicinityaresafeforhumanconsumption.
Withurbanizationandindustrialization,waterconsumptionisboundtoincrease.Giventhe
fact thatwater is important,engineershavebeen responsible
inprovidinga system
thatwouldcaterpublicdemandsandothernecessitiesthatthegovernmenthasbeengivenpriority,asImaysay.
Asfaraswaterprovision
isconcerned,andaspartoftherequirementsinME165,thepurposeofthisdesignistomakeananalysisandtoprovideawatersystemtoatypicalresidentialapartmentthatcanbesituatedinanyurbanorruralzones.Since,itisassumedthatthenaturalwatersourceinanurbanoreveninruralareasarenotabsolutelysafefordrinking,anadequateandsufficientwatersystemshouldbeprovidedtoprovidetheconsumersimmediateneeds.
Theapartmenttobedesignedwiththeresidentialwatersystemconsistsoftwostoreyswith
threeroomseach,thus,havingsixrooms in total.Thewater tank is
tobeplacedat therooftoptoutilizegravitationalforce.
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Residential Water System 2
CHAPTER2
CALCULATIONOFWATERDEMAND
2.1SITEOVERVIEW
Thewatersystemisdesignedfortheresidentialapartmentconsistingoftwostoreyswithatotalofsixrooms,approximatedlotareaistobe170sq.metersandeachroom,consideredasahousehold,areais56.67sq.meterseach.
Fig.2.1
2.2TYPICALHOUSEHOLDSIZE
Referring to Figure 2.2, General Santos City has the household
population of 528,011, andnumber of households of 111,927. Dividing
the first by the latter we will get the
averagehouseholdsizeof4.72.Forthe10barangays,theaveragehouseholdsizeisproximateto5.
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Residential Water System 3
Source:NationalStatisticsOffice,2007CensusofPopulationFigure2.2
Therefore,atthepresentitwillbesensibletoprojectahouseholdsizeofaboutfive(5)persons.
2.3EFFECTIVEPOPULATION
Thus,theeffectivenumberofconsumerscanbeestimatedtobe,
EffectivePopulation=6roomsX5
EffectivePopulation=30residents
2.4WATERDEMANDPERPERSON
AccordingtoGeneralSantosCityWaterDistrict,20cubicmeterperhouseholdpermonthis
theaveragewaterconsumptionofa fivemember family.Thiscorresponds
toabout35.22gallonsperdayperperson.Nonetheless,thePumpHandbooksection9.1(WaterSupply)saidthattheconsumptionfordomesticpurposesisgenerallyintherangeof50to60gallonsperdayperperson.Ontheotherhand,WaterSupplybyA.TwortChapter1suggestsabout39.6to50.6gallonsperdayperperson.
Consequently,itisreasonabletochoose40gallonsperdayperperson.
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Residential Water System 4
2.5AVERAGEDAILYWATERCONSUMPTION
Fortheaveragedailywaterconsumptionoftheconsumers,QA
QA=AverageDailyWaterUseperPersonXEffectivePopulation
QA=40 X30residents
QA=1,200
2.6POPULATIONGROWTHFACTOR
Fromthepublication,WaterfortheWorld,thedesignofwatersupplysystemsshouldconsiderthelikelypopulationincreaseforcertainyearstoprovidesufficientwaterrequirementofthefutureconsumers.
The National Statistical Coordination Board figures General
Santos City to have anAverage Annual Population Growth Rate of
2.38% in 2007. Moreover, the water system isintended to serve the
community for about 25 years, so a population growth factor
isinterpolatedfromTable3ofthesamesourcetohaveavalueof1.58.Thus,theaveragedailyhouseholdwaterconsumptionshouldconformtothis,
QB=QAX1.58
QB=1,200X1.58
QB=1,896
2.7PEAKING/LOADINGFACTORToprovideforunusualwaterdemands,manydesignengineersapplya200to250percent
load factor to the average hourly consumption that is determined
from the average annualconsumption.This factorcoversvariations
inwaterdemand,uncertaintiesas toactualwater
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Residential Water System 5
requirements,andforunusualpeakdemandswhosemagnitudecannotbeaccuratelyestimatedinadvance.
Therefore,theaveragedailyhouseholdwaterconsumptionisfurtheradjusted,QC=QBX2
QC=1,896X2
QC=3,792
Alternatively,wecandesignatethisasthetotalwaterflowinhouseholdsfortheentireapartment,sayQHOUSEHOLD,TOTAL,
QHOUSEHOLD,TOTAL=3,792gal/day
=2.633gal/min
=0.005887ft3/sec
2.8MAXIMUMDAILYDEMANDPERHOUSEHOLD,MDDHOUSEHOLD
MDDHOUSEHOLD=,.
MDDHOUSEHOLD= ,
MDDHOUSEHOLD=632
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Residential Water System 6
2.9CALCULATIONFORLEAKAGESAccording to American Water Works
Association Research Foundation (AAWARF),
ResidentialWaterUseSummaryPublication(www.aquacraft.com),studyshowsthatamajorityofhousesareresponsibleforleakagesatanaverageof21.9gallonsperhouseholdperday.Sothatfor6housingunitsexpected,wecansaythatanAverageDailyLeakageADDLEAKAGEwillbe,
ADDLEAKAGE=6householdsX21.9
ADDLEAKAGE=131.4
WewilldesignatethisasQLEAK,QLEAK=131.4
=0.09125gal
=0.0002042.11TOTALMAXIMUMDAILYDEMAND,QMDD,TOTAL
Thetotalmaximumdailydemandoftheentirecommunityisthencalculatedtobe,
QMDD,TOTAL =QHOUSEHOLD,TOTAL+QLEAK
=3,792+131.4
QMDD,TOTAL =3,923.4
=2.725
=0.006085
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Residential Water System 7
CHAPTER3DESIGNOFWATERTANK
Beforewaterreachestheconsumer(afterbeingdistributedfromthetreatmentplant),it
mustbeadequatelyandsafelystored.Thewaterdistributionsystemshouldhavestoragesothatit
is capable for basic domestic purposes and to accommodate the flows
necessary
foremergenciessuchasfirefighting.Storageshouldmeetpeakflowrequirements,equalizesystempressures,andprovideemergencywatersupply.Thewatersupplysystemmustprovideflowsofwatersufficientinquantitytomeetallpointsofdemandinthedistributionsystem.3.1WATERTANKTYPE
Anelevatedstoragetankwillbeprovidedwithinthesystemtosupplypeakdemandratesandequalizesystempressures.
Ingeneral,elevatedstorage
ismoreeffectiveandeconomicalthangroundstoragebecauseofthereducedpumpingrequirements,andthestoragecanalsoserve
as a sourceof emergency supply since systempressure requirements
can stillbemettemporarilywhenpumpsareoutofservice.
Elevatedstoragecanmaintainadequatesystempressuresand
flowsduringperiodsofpeakwaterdemand.
3.2WATERTANKPROFILEWater tanks canbemadeof concreteor steeland
can takevarious forms.Themost
suitableformforconcretetanksisacylinderwithaflatbottom.Weldedsteeltanksmayhaveahemisphericalordomeshapedbottom.Theshapeplannedisofcylindricalbody,aconicaltopcoveringwithasmallopeningactingasanairventandahemisphericalbottomwhichistoreducedeadstoragewateramount.Thematerialtobeusedforthetankismildsteel.
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Residential Water System 8
3.3WATERTANKCAPACITYThemethodofsizingthestoragetankispresentedasfollows,asacquiredfromtheU.S.
AirForceTechnicalManual5,Volume4,WaterSupply,WaterStorage,AppendixB.25PercentofTotalDailyDomesticStorageRequirements
QA=QMDD,TOTALX0.25
QA=3,923.4X1dayX0.25
QA=980.85
QA=131.4339
3.4MINIMUMTANKDIMENSIONS
Thetankthatwillbe installedwillhaveacylindricalbodywitha
flattopandroundedbottom.Fromatanksupplierproductcatalogue,rangeofavailabletankheightsisaround8ft.to80ft.Amidrangeheightof10ft.isassumed.Sothatthevolumeofthecylindricalbodycanbeexpressedas,
.
Andthevolumeofthehemisphericalbottomwouldofcoursebe,
Thewaterlevelinthetankwhenfullisatthepointwherethecylindricalbodyandtheconicalcoveringmeet,therefore,thevolumeoftheconicalpartisnotincludedinthecalculation.
Hence,thetotaltankcapacityisexpressedas,
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Residential Water System 9
6
1.5
12
131.4339 1.5
SolvingforthediameterD,
D=4.3261ft
D=1.436m
D=1,436mm
SurfaceAreaCalculations(ForBillingofMaterials):
4.32616
81.5451
2 2
4.32612 4.3261
2 6
43.3411
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Residential Water System 10
22
24.32612
29.40
3.5 WATERTANKSTRESSANALYSIS
Asoneofthemostusedmaterialforawatertank,andalsosuggestedbywikipedia.org,mildsteelwillbeused.It(mildsteel)haslessthan0.15%carboncontentandisavailableinthemarket.
Material MildSteel
UnitWeight 0.282
YieldStress 27,000psi
,usualfactorofsafetyis4
27,0004 6,750
Thedesignerschose thecylindricalbody tobe . thick, for the fact
that the stressestablishedbythehydrostaticforceisradial.
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Residential Water System 11
where =themaximumpressureinsidethetank,psi =
=tankdiameter,ft =cylindricalbodythickness,ft
62.346 144
2.5975 2
2.59754.7120.512
146.8107
Thedimensionsandmaterialofthetankarepropersincethemaximumallowablestressisgreaterthantheactualmaximumstress.Hence,thereservoirissafefromburstingpressure.
Since,thepressureorstressatthebottomofthetankispredictabletobelargerthanthatonthecylindricalbody,itisreasonabletomakethesemisphericalbottomthickerthanthebody.
Accordingly,a .metalsheetistobeused.
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Residential Water System 12
CHAPTER4
DESIGNOFDISTRIBUTIONMAINS
TheU.S.AirForceTechnicalManual5,Volume5,suggeststhatmainsshouldbelocatedalongstreetsinordertoprovideshorthydrantbranchesandserviceconnections.Mainsshouldnotbelocatedunderpavedorheavilytravelledareasandshouldbeseparatedfromotherutilitiestoensure
thesafetyofpotablewatersupplies,and
thatmaintenanceofautilitywillcauseaminimumofinterferencewithotherutilities.
4.1DISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMOUTLINE
Theconfigurationofthedistributionsystemisdeterminedprimarilybysizeandlocationofwaterdemand,
streetpatterns, storage facilityand topography.Agridironpattern
loopedfeedersystemispreferredthatithasthehydraulicadvantageofdeliveringwatertoanylocationinmorethanonedirection,insteadofthebranchingsystemtoavoidorminimizedeadendssincedeadendsinthedistributionsystemareundesirableandshouldbeavoidedtotheextentpossible.Theloopedsystemshouldbeusedforwaterdistributionsystemswheneverpracticable.Thewaterdistributionsystemdefinedheretowillbecomposedbasicallyof2loopfeedersandthemainpipeline.
4.2LOOPS
Thewatersystemwillbedesignedconsistingof2feederpipeline
loops.Each loopwillsupply water to 3 (three) households and should
also assure water flows on the
hydrantinstallations.The2loopsconfiguredaredetailedasfollows:
Loop1:Thiscircuitwillsupplywatertohousingunitsinthefirststoreywithhouseholds1,2and3.
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Residential Water System 13
Loop 2: This circuit will supply water to housing units in the
second storey withhouseholds4,5and6.
4.3REQUIREDWATERFLOWPERLOOPOFTHEDISTRIBUTIONSYSTEM
Water demand will then be determined based on the Maximum Daily
Demand per
householdcalculatedpreviouslyas,MDDHOUSEHOLD=632
.
LOOP1
Numberofhousingunits: 3units
ForLoop1,requiredflowQLOOP1willbe,
QLOOP1=(MDDHOUSEHOLD+ADDLEAKAGE)X3households
QLOOP1=(632
+21.9
)X3households
QLOOP1=1,961.7
QLOOP1=1.363
QLOOP1=0.00304
LOOP2
Numberofhousingunits: 3units
ForLoop2,requiredflowQLOOP2willbe,
QLOOP2=(MDDHOUSEHOLD+ADDLEAKAGE)X3households
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Residential Water System 14
QLOOP2=(632
+21.9
)X3households
QLOOP2=1,961.7
QLOOP2=1.363
QLOOP2=0.00304
4.4REQUIREDWATERFLOWONTHEMAINFEEDERPIPELINE
Soduringdaysofnormalusagewhichimpliesdaysofaveragewateruseondomesticpurposesexclusiveofemergencyandfiredemandsthetotalflowiscalculatedontheelevenloopsplusthedailydemandonthechurch,sayingittheotherwayastheflowrequiredonthemainpipelines,QMAINPIPELINEwouldbe,
QMAINPIPELINE=QLOOP1+QLOOP2
QMAINPIPELINE=1.363+1.363
QMAINPIPELINE=2.726
4.5DISTRIBUTIONSYSTEMPIPELINESUMMARYANDPIPESIZING
As determined previously,wewill assume flowsQMAIN PIPELINE,QLOOP
andQLOOP 2 to
beuniformonthemainpipelines,loops1and2respectively.
4.6PIPELINEMATERIAL
Commercially available galvanized iron (GI) pipes will be used
in the system.
Thepropertiesofgalvanizedironfavouringitsusearelightweight,highstrength,andabilitytoyieldordeflectunderloads,andthecapabilityofbendingwithoutbreaking.
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Residential Water System 15
4.7PIPEDIAMETERS
FromtheHandbookofMechanicalEngineeringCalculations,Section14.12,WatersupplyandStormwaterSystemDesign,mentionsthatatypicalallowablefrictionheadlossforwatersupplysystemsis10ftofwaterper1000ft(3.0mper304.8m).Sowefirstassumethatafrictionheadlossof10ftofwaterper1000ftofpipeissuitableforthissystem.
Consequently, we then assume that the pipe is sized by using the
HazenWilliamsequationwiththecoefficientC=100.MostwatersupplysystemsaredesignedwiththisequationandthisvalueofC.
From the same text, Fig. 10 shows a nomogram for solution of the
HazenWilliamsequation for pipes flowing full. With the assumed
frictionhead loss of 10 ft /1000 ft
(3.0m/304.8m)ofpipeontherighthandscale,thenprojectingthroughtheassumedHazenWilliamscoefficientC=100,andextendingthisstraightlineuntilitintersectsthepivotaxis.Thenonthelefthandscale,theknownflowratesofthemainpipelinesandthethreeloopsareprojectedtothepreviouslyfound
intersectiononthepivotaxis.Notably,whentherequiredpipesizefallsbetweentwoplottedsizes,thenextlargersizeisused.
Therefore,thesuggestedinsidediameterforthemainfeederlineis5inches,and1inchforthedistributionlines.However,fromthepublicationRuralWaterSupply,Volume1,DesignManual,theavailable
insidediameterforGIpipes inthe locale isupto75mm(2.95
in)only.Therefore,themainfeederlinewillusethegreatestdiameterofGIpipesavailablethatis75mm.Forthedistributionlines,25mm(0.98in)willbeused.
PIPELINE FLOWRATE
QSUGGESTEDPIPESIZE(InsideDiameter)
MAINFEEDERLINE 2.726 75mm(2.95in)
LOOP1 1.363 25mm(0.98in)
LOOP2 1.363 25mm(0.98in)
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Residential Water System 16
4.8MAINFEEDERPIPELINESUMMARY
The linesbasicallystartfromtheelevatedstoragetank
locationuntileachdistributionpipelineloop.PipesthroughsegmentsASRCBAaresetwithequalpipesizes.FromRuralWaterSupply,Volume1,DesignManual,thelargestnominaldiameterforGIpipeswhichis75mmwillbeused.Coefficientoffriction,ksvaluesforvalvesandfittingsarefromTwortsWaterSupply,Table12.2.
Therefore,themainpipelineistobeconstructedwithalengthof10ft.or3.1m.
VALVESANDFITTINGSONMAINFEEDERLINE:
Valve/FittingType
CoefficientofFriction,
ks
No.ofoccurrence/s
75mm90Elbow 1.5 275mmTee 0.4 4
4.9DISTRIBUTIONPIPELINESUMMARY
FromRuralWaterSupply,Volume1,DesignManual,thelargestnominaldiameterforGIpipeswhichis25mmwillbeused.
LOOP1PIPELINESUMMARY
Loop1willbecomposedofpipesegmentAB.
STRAIGHTPIPESONLOOP1:
GalvanizedIronPipes25mm(0.98in.)InsideDiameter
PipeSegment PipeLengthAB 13.8m(45ft)
TOTALLENGTH 13.8m(45ft)
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Residential Water System 17
VALVESANDFITTINGSONLOOP1:
Valve/FittingType
CoefficientofFriction,
ks
No.ofoccurrence/s
25mmGateValve 0.25 3
LOOP2PIPELINESUMMARY
Loop2willbecomposedofpipesegmentCD.
STRAIGHTPIPESONLOOP2:
GalvanizedIronPipes25mm(0.98in.)InsideDiameter
PipeSegment PipeLengthCD 13.8m(45ft)
TOTALLENGTH 13.8m(45ft)
VALVESANDFITTINGSONLOOP2:
Valve/FittingType
CoefficientofFriction,
ks
No.ofoccurrence/s
25mmGateValve 0.25 3
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Residential Water System 18
CHAPTER5
CALCULATIONOFLINEFRICTIONHEADLOSSES
5.1FRICTIONHEADLOSSES
Forthecalculationoftheelevationofthetank,theprimeheadlossinthepipelineiswellthoughtouttoensurethatallelementswillbeprovidedappropriately.
FromTwortsTable12.2,thevaluesofaconstantksinsolvingtheheadlossinfittingsandvalvescanbeused.Theformulafortheheadlossinthevalvesandfittingsis,
Fortheheadlossinthepipes,HazenWilliamsequationwillbeused.
. . .
Incalculatingheadlosses,thefarthestpointfromthetankwillbeconsideredsinceithasthegreatestheadloss,whichispointD.Nonetheless,thereisonlyonepathtothatpoint,thepathAB,thus,theheadlosswillbedirectlycalculatedforthispath.
5.2FRICTIONHEADLOSSCALCULATIONFORPATHCD
Incalculatinghead losses forvalvesand fittingsalong
thepath,watervelocity is
firstcalculated.Thecontinuityequationisused,andQisfromChapter4(QMAINPIPELINE),whichis2.726or0.00609
.Thediameterofthepipeis75mm(2.95in.).
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Residential Water System 19
0.00609
4
0.00609
2.95 12 4
.
Thiswatervelocity
isacceptablesinceaccordingtoUSTechnicalManual,watervelocityVinthecircuitneednotgobeyond10fps.
Since,Visalreadycalculated,thecoefficientoffrictionvalues(ks)willbetabulatedbelowandsummed.
Valve/FittingType
CoefficientofFriction,
ks
No.ofoccurrence/s Total
75mm90Elbow 1.5 2 375mmTee 0.4 4 1.6TOTAL 4.6
Now,forfrictionheadlossesforvalvesandfittingsalongpathASR,
2
4.60.1283
232.17
.
IncalculationofheadlossesforpipesalongpathCD,itstotallengthwillbe45ftor13.8m.
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Residential Water System 20
Now,forthefrictionheadlossesforpipes,
0.42262 . .
0.42262 45 0.1283100 . 2.9512
.
.
Thus,thetotalfrictionheadlossforpathCDis,
0.00117 0.000923
.
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Residential Water System 21
CHAPTER6
CALCULATIONOFWATERTANKELEVATION
ThetankelevationcanbecalculatedusingtheBernoullistheorem.
where =pressureonthewaterlevelinthetank,0psig
=watervelocityinthetank,0fpsforlargetanks
=tankelevation,feet
=desiredexitpressureofwaterinfaucets,etc,25psig
=desiredexitvelocityofwaterinfaucets,etc,7fps
=totalheadlossinthecircuit,0.00294ft
0
02
25 14462.34
72 32.17 0.00294
.
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Residential Water System 22
CHAPTER7
SELECTIONOFPUMP
In this chapter the selection of pump is discussed. The type of
pump selected is
asubmersibletypesincethepumpingwaterleveliscloseto20m(65.62ft)(RuralWaterSupply,Volume1,DesignManual).
7.1SUBMERSIBLEPUMP
Thesubmersiblepumpisapumpwhichhasahermeticallysealedmotorclosecoupledtothepumpbody.Thewholeassemblyissubmergedinthefluidtobepumped.Theadvantageofthistypeofpumpisthatitcanprovideasignificantliftingforceasitdoesnotrelyonexternalairpressure
to lift the fluid. The pump is installed just above the motor, and
both of
thesecomponentsaresuspendedinwater.Submersiblepumpsuseenclosedimpellersandareeasytoinstallandmaintain.Thesepumpsrunonlyonelectricpowerandcanbeusedforpumpingwaterfromverydeepandcrookedwells.Moreover,
theyareunlikely tobestruckby
lightningandrequireconstantflowofwateracrossthemotor(RuralWaterSupply,Volume1,DesignManual).
Submersiblepumpsshouldstrictlybetermedsubmersiblemotorpumpsorsubmersiblepumpsets.Thepump,drivenbya
submersiblemotor, isvery similar toapumpdrivenbyavertical spindle
drymotor,although somedifferencesaregivenbelow.
Submersiblepumpsgained inpopularitybecause theyusually result ina
cheaper installation
thanoneusingdrymotors.Thedisadvantagesofhavingasubmergedmotor(outofthesightandhearingofanyattendantandlessreliablethanadrymotorwhenthesubmersiblemachinewasfirstintroduced)havebeenlargelyovercomebyimprovementsinthemotordesign,particularlyintheinsulationandintheinstrumentationusedformonitoringpumpperformance.Properlychosensubmersiblepumpshaveprovedreliableinserviceovermanyyears;submersibledesignsarenowavailablefromspecialistmanufacturersforaverywiderangeofduties(TwortsWaterSupply).
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Residential Water System 23
7.2CALCULATIONOFTOTALDYNAMICHEAD
Inselectingpumps, totaldynamicheadmustbecalculated firstas
itdetermineswhatpumpisneededinthesystem.
Insolvingforthetotaldynamichead,thetotalstaticheadmustfirstbeconsidered.Theformulafortotalstaticheadis
where =totalstatichead,feet =totalsuctionlift,feet
=watertankelevationrelativetothedesigncircuit,58.51ft.
=headoftheweightofthewater(tankheight),6feet
Atotalsuctionpipelengthof200ft.willbeused,
200 Therefore,
200 58.51 6 .
Incalculatingtotaldynamichead,thevelocityofwaterflowmustbesolved.Thediameterofpipesusedforsuctionanddischargeare50mm(1.969in.)GIpipes.
Thetotalmaximumdaydemandis0.00209,thus,thewatervelocitywillbe,
,
0.00609
4
1.96912
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Residential Water System 24
.
Incalculatingthetotaldynamichead,theheadlossofthepipecircuitfromthepumptothewaterstoragetankmustbemeasured.Thetotallengthofthepipestobeusedis265ft.ThevalvesandfittingstabulatedbelowisbasedonRuralWaterSupply,Volume1,DesignManual,Table11.3.
Valve/FittingTypeEquivalentLengthperValve/Fitting
(m)
No.ofoccurrence/s
Total
50mmStrainer 6.10 1 6.1050mm90Elbow 1.62 3 4.8650mmCheckValve
4.27 1 4.2750mmGlobeValve 16.76 2 33.5250mmFootValve 2.74 1
2.74
TOTAL
51.49Sincethevalvesandfittingshaveequivalentlengths,thiswillbeaddedtothetotallength
ofpipes,thus, 265 51.49 316.49ft
Therefore,thetotalfrictionheadlossalongpipesandvalvesinthecircuitisgivenby,
0.42262 316.49 0.1283100 . 1.96912
.
.
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Residential Water System 25
Therefore,thetotaldynamichead,is,
264.51 0.0129 .
FromthebookPumpsandBlowersbyChurch,theformulaforthefluidhorsepoweris,
where =fluidhorsepower,hp
=deliveredweight, =, 62.34
=totaldynamicheadordischargehead,feet , 0.326 62.34 .
20.33 264.523550 .
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Residential Water System 26
FromthebookPumpsandBlowersbyChurch,theformulaforthebrakehorsepoweris
where =brakehorsepower,hp =fluidhorsepower,hp
=overallpumpefficiency
Thetypicaloverallpumpefficiencyrangesfrom60%to80%.Accordingly,inthisdesign
70%willbeused.Thatis, 9.780.70
.
ThediagramshownaboveisfromtheSubmersiblePumpsBrochureofGrundfosA/S.Withthecalculatedtotaldynamichead264.523ft.(80.63m)andthetotalpumpvolumedischargecapacity1,173.36
(33.23
),the intersection lies insidethegraph.Thatpoint iswithinthe
regionofSP30pump.
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Residential Water System 27
CHAPTER8
MISCELLANEOUSACCESSORIES
Inthewatersystemdesign,therearevariousequipmentusedthatareessentialtothesafety
of the main equipment such as the pump and other piping. In this
chapter, theseaccessoriesareenumeratedandgivenbriefdescription.
8.1 CU3
TheCU3controlunitelectronicmotorstarterformonitoringandprotectinginstallationswithratedvoltagesof200575V,5060Hz,andamaximumpowerconsumptionof400A.
TheCU3monitorsthefollowing;
Systeminsulationresistancetoearthbeforestart
MotorTemperature
Motorcurrentconsumptionandcurrentunbalance
VoltageSupply
Phasesequence
TechnicalData
EnclosureClass:IP20
AmbientTemp.:20to+60
RelativeHumidity:99%
VoltageVariation:25/+25%ofnominalvoltage
Frequency:45to65Hz
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Residential Water System 28
MaximumbackupFuse:10A
RelayOutput:Max.415V,3A,AC1
Approvals:theCU3complieswith:VDE,DEMKO,EN,ULandCSA.
Marking:CE
8.2 R100REMOTECONTROL
WirelessinfraredremotecontrolbymeansoftheR100.Thisfunctionenablestheusertochangefactorysettingsandtomonitortheinstallationbycallingupactualoperatingdata,e.g.currentconsumption,supplyvoltageandoperatinghours.
8.3 EXTERNALSENSORSSM100
ReceptionOf data from External sensors bymeans of an SM100
sensormodule
andcontrolaccordingtodatareceived,e.g.flowrate,pressure,waterlevelandconductivity.
8.4 MTP75MOTORPROTECTION
TheMTP75protectsagainsttoohighmotortemperature.This
isthecheapestwayofensuringlongmotorlife.Thecostumeriscertainthatoperatingconditionsareobservedandisgivenindicationofthetimewhenaservicecheckistobemade.
TechnicalData
SupplyVoltage:2variants:
1x200400V10%,50/60Hz
3x380415V10%,50/60Hz
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Residential Water System 29
Atransformerisrequiredforvoltagesover415volts
ControlVoltage:contactload:
Maximum415V/3A
Minimum12V/20mA
Enclosure:IP20
OperatingConditions:
MinimumTemperature20degreeCelsius
Maximumtemperature+60degreeCelsius
RelativeHumidity:99%
Storage: MinimumTemperature20degreeCelsius
Maximumtemperature+60degreeCelsius
8.5 WATERTREATMENT
Mostcommontypeofwaterqualityproblemsofgroundwatersourcesistheexcessiveamountofironandmanganeseofrawwater.AccordingtoTable10.1TreatmentOptionsorRWSDesignManual,AerationMethod
issuitedtogroundwatercontaminatedof
Iron,manganeseandHydrogensulfide.Thediffusersortheuseandemployingbafflesinthetanktolengthenthetravelofwater.Thiswouldmakethewaterbemoreexposedtoair,andbyreactionremovingironfromit.
Also,strainerisinstalledinpumpingwaterlevelthuspreventingwatercontamination.
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Residential Water System 30
8.6 CONTROLS
Thisinvolvesvalves/fittingsforcontroloftransmissionanddistributionmains.
Valves/Fittings Uses TypeIsolationValve
Canbemanuallyclosedto
blocktheflowofwater;primarypurposeofthesevalvesistoprovidemeansofturningoffaportionofthesystemandemployedthroughoutthenetwork
GateValves
DirectionalValve
(CheckValve)
Usedtoensurethatwatercanflowonlyinthedirectionthroughapipeline;installedinthepipelinethroughthetank
CheckValve
Fittings Tocorrectthesametypeandsizeofpipe
Union;Couplings
Reducers Toconnecttwopipesofdifferentsize
TeeReducers
Caps,plugs,andblindflanges
Tostoptheflow
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Residential Water System 31
Chapter 9
BILLINGOFMATERIALS
Inthischapter,thematerialsandequipmentusedaretabulated,withtheirunitpricesandrespectivequantities.
Description Unit Price (Php) Quantity Total
10 75mm GI pipe 1,250 1 1,250
45 25mm GI pipe 3,375 2 6,750
75mm GI Tee 500 1 500
75mm x 25mm GI Tee (reducer)
400 1 400
75mm 90 Elbow 300 1 300 25mm Gate Valve 400 6 2,400
Grundfos SP 30 Pump
200,000 1 200,000
Miscellaneous Accessories
25,000
TOTAL 236,600
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Residential Water System 32
Chapter 10
FIGURES
SelectedApartmentforDesigningWaterSystem
TheApartmentInstalledwithWaterSystem
-
Residential Water System 33
Left:ThetankwithaD=4.326ft.andH=10ftRight:WaterReceiverforOverflowPipe(Red)andMaintenancePipe(Green)
Blue:DischargePipe(ToConsumers);Yellow:SuctionPipe(FromWaterSource)
-
Residential Water System 34
PipelinestoEachApartmentRoom
TheWaterPump:SP30Pump
-
Residential Water System 35
References
PublishedMaterials:
PumpHandbook,ThirdEditionbyIgorKarassik
Mark'sStandardHandbookForMechanicalEngineersbyAvalloneandBaumeister
WaterfortheWorldPublication
HandbookofMechanicalEngineeringCalculations
o WaterSupplyandStormwaterSystemDesigno Handbook ofMechanical
Engineering Calculations: Plumbing andDrainage for
BuildingsandOtherStructures
ThePracticalPumpingHandbookbyBrianNesbitt
InternetPublications:
Article 302 Submersible Pump Sizing Large Wells by California
GroundwaterAssociation(www.groundh2o.org)
TechBrief:Reservoirs,Towers,andTanks DrinkingWater Storage
FacilitiesbyVipinBhardwaj(www.ndwc.wvu.edu)
Goulds Pumps Product Catalog Submersible Turbine Pumps by Goulds
PumpsCorporation(www.goulds.com)
SubmersibleWellPumpsforDrinkingWaterWells(www.inspectny.com/water)
FloridaAdministrativeCode:FinishedDrinkingWaterStorageCapacity
ProjectWaterSupply:WaterDemandsAppendixA(www.maderacounty.com)
ArmyEngineeringPublications:TechnicalManuals(www.usace.army.mil)
o WaterSupplySourcesAndGeneralConsiderationso
WaterSupply,WaterDistributiono WaterSupply,WaterStorageo
WaterSupplyPumpingStations
-
Residential Water System 36
Residential Water Use Summary by AWWARF Residential End Uses of
Water Study(www.aquacraft.com)
NationalStatisticalCoordinationBoard(http://www.nscb.gov.ph/ru12)
DesignGuidelinesforFirstNationsWaterWorks(http://www.aincinac.gc.ca/H2O)
DomesticWaterHeatingandWaterHeaterEnergyConsumptioninCanadabyC.Aguilar,
D.J.White,andDavidL.Ryan(www.ualberta.ca) Approving
theCommonDefinition of TermsRelative toWater Supply, Sewerage
and
SanitationbytheNationalEconomicDevelopmentAgencyBoard
http://www.epcor.ca www.koronadal.gov.ph