Two layers: constant r eff 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Reflectivity 1240 nm, R 1240 0 20 40 60 80 Slope phase index, 100 % 90 % 80 % 60% 0 % 25 50 75 125 250 g m -2 Liquid Ice Holes Domes r eff,liquid = 9 µm r eff,ice = 50 µm (a) Homogeneous: constant r eff 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Reflectivity 1240 nm, R 1240 100 % 80 % 60 % 40 % 20 % 0 % 25 50 75 125 250 g m -2 Liquid Ice Holes Domes r eff,liquid = 9 µm r eff,ice = 50 µm (b) Homogeneous: constant TWP 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 Reflectivity 1240 nm, R 1240 100 % 80 % 60 % 30 % 0 % 28 µm 42 60 90 4 µm 8 14 24 Liquid Ice Holes Domes TWP = 120 g m -2 (c)