Tutorial4

KCZ101Tutorial Four

schedule

3:30-3:45 Roll call 3:45-4:00 Types of essays4:00-4:30 What is critical thinking?4:30-5:15 When is it uncritical (logical fallacies)?5:15-5:30 Homework – complete a draft essay for the next tutorial

B. Johnson, C. Wright 2009

The Descriptive Essay

The descriptive essay – at its most basic – describes a person, place or thing.

When possible, students should describe it as experienced through all 5 senses.

Sight, smell, sound, taste, touch should be shared as vivid images.

B. Johnson, C. Wright 2009

The Classification Essay

The classification essay:

= leads into critical thinking skills = organizes some things (concepts, events, ideas, objects, etc.) into categories

B. Johnson, C. Wright 2009

The Cause and Effect Essay

The cause and effect essay explains what caused a specific effect.

= aim is to inform the audience.

= aim is to use an objective view.

B. Johnson, C. Wright 2009

The Argumentative Essay

= emphasis on critical thinking skills

= a persuasive argument to an opposing audience, in order to change their minds

Which essay type do YOU need to use for the final essay?

Critical thinking• the ability to properly understand and evaluate the topic at hand.

Eg:

LOGICAL FALLACIES1.Hasty Generalizations

2. Post Hoc (Faulty Cause and Effect) 3. Reductive Reasoning

4. False Analogies

5. Begging the Question 6. Circular Reasoning

7. Ad Hominem

8. False Dilemma

9. Appeal to Popularity (Bandwagon Appeals_) 10. Non Sequiturs

1) Hasty generalisations

2) Post Hoc A false conclusion drawn from the outcome, rather than the cause.

*Let’s not take Bill on our picnic. Every time we take him out with us, it rains.'

3) Reductive reasoning

4) False AnalogiesWhen an argument is based on false/misleading similarities.

5) Begging the question

6) Circular Reasoning

7) Ad Hominem attack • Replacing facts with insults

8) False Dilemma• A fallacy of oversimplification that offers a limited number of options (usually two) when in reality more options are available.

9) Appeal to Popularity

10) Non-sequitors• A conclusion or statement that does not logically follow from

the previous argument or statement

Essay draft, by next tutorial

2000 Words (+/- 10%) words.

*Demonstrate an applied understanding of communication theory

*Critically analyse and understand current changes in how texts are produced, distributed and understood.

ReferencesEssay Writing: Effective Teaching Strategies and Student Act:

http://www.slideshare.net/ssubocz/essay-writing-effective-teaching-strategies-and-student-activities-b-johnsonc-wright

Image – (7) Ad hominem:http://www.renterence.com/category/thought/logic/

Images – (1) Hasty generalisations:http://e8ulis.wordpress.com/teenskepchick.org

Image – (5) Begging the questionwww.thadguy.com

Image – (9) Appeal to popularityhttp://xorandomstuff.blogspot.hk/2013/04/fallacies-why-your-argument-is-invalid.html

ReferencesImage – (6) circular reasoningwww.psquare.org

Image - (2) Post Hochttp://www.renterence.com/category/thought/logic/

Image – (3) Reductive reasoning: http://e8ulis.wordpress.com/teenskepchick.org

Image – (4) False Analogies:thewritersadvice.com

Image – (10) Non Sequitors:jazzroc.wordpress.com