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a.s)-.s, ,st-.us, m$ta.)(sm$ ,an $%s%-$s*&$n#$tahuan t$ntan#
ha(n /$ntn# untu% m$n#$tahu $0$% t$-a/ ,an t)%sstas suatu ).at*5*
U2 0a-ma%),nam%S$.$(um suatu ).at ,#una%an ha-us ,%$tahu ,u(u $0$%
a/a "an# t$-2a, t$-ha,a/s$mua )-#an ,a(am tu.uh "an# s$hat %a-$na
2a-an# s$%a( suatu ).at m$m(% satu2$s $0$% sa2a*6* M$n(a %$amanan
zat %maM$n(a %$amanan zat %ma suatu ).at atau zat %ma san#at /$ntn#
%a-$na s$ta/ zat%ma "an# .a-u ,snt$ss ha-us , u2 t$-($.h ,ahu(u*
S$ta/ zat %ma "an#,.$-%aan ,)ss .$sa- a%an m$nm.u(%an #$2a(a t)%s%,
ma%a ,a- tu ha-us ,u2%ant$-($.h ,ahu(u %$/a,a h$!an 3).a* Ha( n
,#una%an untu% m$-ama(%an%$mun#%nan "an# ,a/at t$-2a, /a,a manusa
,a(am ,)ss -$n,ah*Hn##a /a,a ,)sst$-t$ntuh$!an3).at,a%m$n#a(am
$0$%m$-u#%anma%a,a/at ,/$-htun#%an0a%t)- %$amanan t$-ha,a/ manusa
tu s$n,-*+* U2 t)%sstasU2 t)%sstas m$(/ut 5 2$ns /$-3).aan "atu :a*
T)%sstas a%ut&$-3).aan n m$(/ut sn#($ ,)s$ $C/$-m$nt "an# ,
$1a(uas 6?1+ ha-s$su,ahn"a.* T)%sstas 2an#%a (ama&$-3).aan n
m$n3a%u/ /$m.$-an ).at s$3a-a .$-u(an# s$(ama 1?6 .u(an(/$-3).aan
su. a%ut), 6?6 .u(an ( /$-3).aan %-)n%), atau s$umu-
h$!an*K$-a3unanK(as0%as m$nu-ut t$-2a,n"a %$-a3unan a,a(ah- S$(0
&)s)nn#* &as$n ma%an ).at ,$n#an ,)ss .$-($.han t$ta/
,$n#an /$n#$tahuan,)ssn t,a%a%anm$m.aha"a%an* La,
t,a%.$-ma%su,untu%.unuh,-, han"auntu% m$na-% /$-hatan
(n#%un#ann"a*- Att$m/t$, Su3,$* &as$n .$-ma%su, untu% .unuh ,-,
t$ta/ .sa m$nm.u(%an%$matan atau /as$n s$m.uh .(a ,a sa(ah ta0s-
,$n#an ,)ss "an# a ma%an*- A33,$nta( &)s)nn#* K$-a3unan
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&)s)nn#* K$-a3unan a%.at tn,a%an %-mna(, "an# ,(a%u%an
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,a(am !a%tu 5+ 2am*- K$-a3unan K-)ns* Man0$stas %(n% mun3u( ,a(am
2an#%a !a%tu "an# (ama, namun-a3un .$-s0at a%umu(at0*@$2a(a ,an
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,/t ,.an#un%an III su.%)ma, han"a .$-$a%s ,# -an#san#an n"$- I;
%)ma, t,a% a,a -$s/)n -an#san#an n"$- ma%sma( R$s/-as, ,a/at
m$mat%an T$%anan ,a-ah K$2an# : /$-an#san#an SS& &u/(
K-$0($%s $%st-mtas : %$-a3unan'a"#)n()-#an)0)s0at,m)ss),
%$-a3unanat-)/n(m,-ass) 'sn# usus : m$n"$-ta %$sa,a-an, /a,a #-a,$
III, 'U n$#at0 Lan5