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Exercise: Editing
Note about licences:
These exercises require a licence for Aimsun Small, Aimsun
Standard, Aimsun Professional for Microscopic Simulation, Aimsun
Advanced or Aimsun Expert. Users with an Aimsun Professional for
Travel Demand Modelling edition will be able to do all the
exercises except those related to control plans and dynamic
simulation. Users with an Aimsun Professional for Mesoscopic
Simulation edition will simulate with the mesoscopic simulator
instead of the microscopic simulator.
Editing exercises. Introduction.
In these exercises, the final goal is the creation of a complete
network from zero with all the necessary data to finish with a
microscopic simulation of the network (if the license allows it).
We will define, step by step, and based on a background image, all
the graphical elements that compose a network, including sections,
nodes, detectors, VMS, solid lines and bus stops. We will also
define a control plan for traffic lights, bus lines and plans,
reserved lanes for buses, a traffic state, centroids, O/D matrices,
a traffic demand, and a scenario with an experiment which we will
use for the final simulation.
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Exercise 1. Template.
The first step after executing Aimsun is to create a new model;
this can be done using the menu File / New. Select the default
template.
This template places default objects within the project, which
are shown in the following image:
The user has the opportunity to create new objects and store
them in a template for future projects.
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Exercise 2. Background.
Now we are going to import the images that will help us to
create the exercises model. We have a .DWG (CAD drawing) file and a
JPG image to be imported. Well use the menu File / Import:
We start by importing the DWG File Background_Small.dwg (found
in the Exercises folder), accepting the default Geo Units as Meters
and System Encoding, and then from the main menu select View /
Whole World.
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Now we should look at the layers which make up the imported
background. For this we should make the layers active, by selecting
the menu Window / Windows / Layers.
If we look at the layers, we see that the layer Ejes is a layer
with a lot of clutter which would be better hidden by deselecting
the corresponding checkbox : . The second operation we can do is to
select the layer subarea by double clicking on the layer with the
mouse and assigning the colour red. We should modify the drawing
style as in the following figure:
Finally, select the VITORIA layer by double clicking on the
layer with the mouse and assign the colour blue. We should modify
the drawing style as in the following figure:
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The background should now look as in the figure below:
Next we import the image image.jpg by selecting File / Import /
Image File and selecting image.jpg from the Exercises directory.
After selecting the image image.jpg a dialog where the Units can be
selected shows up. Accept the default settings.
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Once the image is open, to place it correctly in the model, we
use the option called positioner. Double click on the image, and we
are presented with the Positioner window. First of all, select
check the option Show Image When Selected in the Basic tab of the
Geo Image dialog.
After that, open the Positioner tab to select corresponding
reference points in the model and in the image.
Once reference points have been selected, click on Scale and
Translate to position the image correctly over the background.
Suitable points could be those shown in the figure below:
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Once the image is well located, it is useful to lock the layer
so that it cant be accidentally edited or moved. To do this we
double click on the layer Images and deselect the option Allow
Object Editing.
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Exercise 3. Section creation.
Now we can start creating the geometry of the network inside the
red area over the image. In the next picture all the sections are
shown:
General view:
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Zoom 1
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Zoom 2
Note that some sections are already joined. Adding sections
Select the Create Section button from the Toolbar. Left click in
the view where the section will start, then double click where the
section should end. The section position may be modified by
dragging its centre line update points (circled in red) which are
visible when the section is selected. Create new vertex - using
straight or curve segments
Sections can be shaped using the New (Straight or Curve ) Vertex
tool.
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The first ones define straight segments, and as many vertexes as
desired can be added to a section. Between two of these vertexes,
up to two new curve vertexes can be added. To add a new vertex,
first select the section, then click on the New Vertex tool
(straight or curve), then by holding down the left mouse button on
the view, drag a line that intersects the section at the point
where the control point is required. This point may then be dragged
to apply a shape to the section. Adding lanes To add or remove
lanes in each section, select the section and right click to enter
the context menu, then from this select Number of Lanes / [number].
The number of lanes of a section can also be chosen while the
section is selected, by clicking CTRL + [number of lanes]. Adding
lateral lanes Use lateral update points (circled in green) to
create or remove lateral lanes. Drag the update point away from the
section to create the lateral, then drag the new point down the
section to change the lateral lanes length.
Joining sections Join sections by selecting all sections to be
joined with SHIFT-(left click), then either right click on any
section to reveal the context menu and select Join, or use
[Ctrl+M].
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Exercise 4. Node creation.
In this exercise, we will create the nodes with missing geometry
which are marked in the following picture:
Intersection
Intersection
Roundabout
Roundabout
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In order to create an intersection we must click on the node
creation icon at which point the node editor is displayed. The
turnings must be created one by one, by clicking on New in the Main
tab in the Node editor, and using the mouse to select lanes on the
origin section of the turning (the [SHIFT] key allows selection of
multiple lanes), followed by lanes on the destination section. The
fastest way to activate the Give Way on the different turnings is
to select the node and afterwards select all the turnings which
have the restriction and by pressing the right mouse button to
access the context menu, we select the option Give Way as shown in
the following image:
We could also have set the priority by opening the nodes dialog
window and selecting Give Way in the Warning column for the
corresponding turnings.
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Roundabouts
Figure 1 First Roundabout
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Figure 2 Second Roundabout
In order to create a roundabout, we should use the Roundabout
Tool as follows: Select all sections entering and exiting the
roundabout, then select the Roundabout tool and click at the centre
of the image. After that, move the mouse to define the radius of
the roundabout. While keeping pressed the mouse, we should change
the number of lanes of the roundabout by pressing
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CTRL + [number of lanes] (1, 2, 3,..., 7). Release the mouse
button to create all sections representing the roundabout. Then we
should modify the sections geometry to Automatically, all turnings
entering the roundabout have a Give Way Warning Sign. Note that, in
the first roundabout, the highlighted section has 5 lanes instead
of 4. We should modify the lanes and turnings as it is shown in
Figure 1
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Exercise 5. Curved turnings and stop lines.
Now in the intersection we will modify the place where vehicles
wait to Give Way to other traffic. In the left turning from the
south, the vehicles should not stop at the traffic light, but some
metres afterwards as shown in the image below: To create this
point, we should create a waiting line in the corresponding
turning. To do this we right click on the appropriate turning and
select the option Stop Lines / New.
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This creates a waiting line as shown in the image (indicated by
the orange arrow), which can be moved by dragging with the
mouse.
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Exercise 6. Assigning Road Types to sections.
The road types that we will assign to the sections of our model
are shown in this picture:
ARTERIAL ON/OFF RAMP ROAD
At present, all sections are of type Arterial. You can check
this by double-clicking in the Site window on the Arterial road
type. Arterial is found under the folder Road and Lane Types. To
assign type On/Off Ramp to the relevant sections, we select them
using the left Mouse button (remembering to hold down [SHIFT] to
select multiple sections), then press the right Mouse button on one
of the selected, then from the context menu change the Road Type to
On/Off Ramp.
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We must also change the roundabout sections type so we select
all the sections belonging to it, press the right mouse button and
change the Road Type to Roundabout.
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Exercise 7. Layers.
Layers are used to show objects in the network in different
groups and altitudes. Each layer has a subgroup of elements in the
network, and they all are on the same level. In our network we have
sections which are elevated with respect to the others. Therefore
if we want the network to be drawn correctly we have to have them
in different layers and their view at different height.
The first step is to create the two layers from the previous
figure (UPPER and LOWER). To create each new layer, reveal the
Network layer context menu by right clicking on it in the Layers
window and selecting New Layer.
Rename the two layers ([F2] while selected or select Rename from
their context menu) with the names from that previous figure, then
double click on each to access the layer editor and edit their
drawing level. As an example we set the drawing level for the lower
drawing Level to 9, and the upper drawing Level a higher value of
12 which means it will be drawn over the lower layer.
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Finally, we must assign each section to its corresponding layer.
We select the two sections which will go in the lower layer, and
with the right mouse button we open their context menu. Select
Arrange / Move To Layer / Network Layers / Lower to send these
sections to the lower layer:
Repeat the same operation with the elevated sections to the
upper layer, and now we have the sections correctly located in
their layers. Now when we carry out the simulation we will not have
vehicles appearing to overlap in the 2D view.
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Exercise 8. Solid Lines
Well define Solid Lines on two sections, as shown in this
picture:
The way to create solid lines is to press icon and again on the
broken white line that we want to make solid.
Solid Lines
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Exercise 9. Detectors and VMS creation.
In this exercise we are going to create other elements in the
network:
Detectors
Within the network we need to place 6 detectors as shown in the
picture above.
To place a detector, press icon and press again on the desired
location on the desired section. Then, double-click on the detector
to set its name and features, as shown in the next picture.
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VMS
Now we are going to set two Variable Message Signs (VMS) in the
main
street of the model. To set a VMS, press on the icon and press
again on the desired location on the desired section. Double-click
on the VMS to set its features and name (South Direction and North
Direction).
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Exercise 10. Traffic State.
We will now define a Traffic State to represent the demand. The
following pictures provide all the information necessary to create
it:
600
700
400
1800 700
200
2100
80
20
80
80
20
20
30
70
90
10
30 70
10
90 90
10
70
30
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To put this data in the model, we need to create a Traffic State
with the menu Project / New / Demand Data / Traffic State. In the
Project window the folder Traffic State inside the folder Demand
Data will appear with a state inside it. We rename the state to
State Car: 08:00 and double-click on it to change its parameters.
Within the Input Flow tabbed form:
Select the vehicle type as car.
Set the initial time From to 08:00:00 and the Duration to
01:00:00.
Select the Show only Entrances option.
Fill in the column Flow with data from the previous figure.
After that, click on the tab Turning Info and fill in the turning
proportions with the data from the previous figure.
30 70
70
30
95
5
70
30
60
40
50
50
50
50
30
70
40
60
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In the following pictures we can see how the dialogs should look
after all the information has been filled in.
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Exercise 11. Centroids.
If the traffic demand is given as an OD Matrix, then the first
step will be defining the centroids to which the matrix
corresponds. In our example, we will define the centroids and their
connections as shown in the next picture:
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To place a centroid in the network, press the icon and then
click on the position in the network where it should be placed. In
this exercise, the blue rectangles are the locations where the
centroids should be placed. After defining a centroid, double click
on it to display the Centroid editor and under the Main tab give
the Centroid the name in the picture. And finally, we must create
the connections from the centroid to the network and vice versa.
This is done by pressing New and selecting the entrance or exit
section. When all the connections are ready, press Ok. For all the
centroids except for centroid South, no option should be selected.
For the centroid South we select the option Use Origin Percentage,
assigning 90% to the section on the main street, and 10% to the
secondary street (see previous image).
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Exercise 12. O/D Matrices.
We will create the OD Matrices starting from a Total Matrix from
which we will extract two matrices, one for cars and another for
trucks. We will consider that 95% of the trips of the Total Matrix
are car trips and the remaining 5% are truck trips.
The Total Matrix is this:
We can create the matrix from the Centroids Configuration
folder, in the Project window. Click the right mouse button on the
configuration, then select the option New... / O/D Matrix. Rename
the matrix to Total Matrix and by double-clicking on it well edit
the matrix. Fill in all the data as in the previous image: vehicle
type, initial time, duration and all the values in the OD Matrix.
The next operation is to create the two matrices from this one. To
move from one matrix to two, we may use the operation built into
Aimsun. Double click on the matrix Total Matrix to open the dialog
windo (Cells Tab), then select the operation split. Then press the
button New twice two create two divisions where we should mark the
percentages by which we want to divide the original matrix. Edit
the percentages as shown to 95% y 5% then select Execute.
Total Matrix
Car Matrix
Truck Matrix
95%
5%
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Two new matrices appear in the Project window. Open each one to
change the type of vehicle, and change the name of each to Car
Matrix y Truck Matrix, as shown in the following image:
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Exercise 13. Traffic Demand.
Now that we have prepared the OD Matrices and the Traffic State,
we can create two Traffic Demands. Create each one by selecting
menu Project / New / Demand Data / Traffic Demand, which will cause
a new Traffic Demand to appear in the Project window.
1) With OD Matrices
Rename the first Traffic Demand to Traffic Demand Matrix,
double-click on it and follow these steps:
Fix the Type: Matrices.
Press Add Demand Item and insert the cars and the trucks
matrices we prepared in the previous exercise.
Press Ok to end.
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2) With Traffic States
Rename the other Traffic Demand to Traffic Demand State,
double-click on it and follow these steps:
Fix the Type: States.
Press Set Time and fill in the Initial Time 8:00:00 and Duration
1:00:00.
Press Add Demand Item and insert the traffic state we prepared
in exercise 12.
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Exercise 14. Simulation Preview with Traffic Demand1.
To test the geometry created up until now, we may run some
initial simulation, even though we have still to specify any
control plans or public transport. To do this we need to create a
scenario and an experiment. First we need to create a Scenario. We
create it with menu Project / New / Scenarios / Dynamic Scenario,
and it will appear in the Project window inside the Scenarios
folder. Now we should create an experiment associated with this
scenario, and to do this we place the mouse over the scenario in
the Project window, press the right mouse button to access the
scenario context menu, select New Experiment. Select the experiment
type to Microscopic Simulator and Stochastic Route Choice. Now we
may open the scenario editor and select the demand which should be
used for the scenario. Double click on the scenario to open the
scenario dialog window, and under the Main tab, we can choose
between the two demand items we have already created.
1 Available for all editions except Aimsun Professional for
Travel Demand edition. Users with an
Aimsun Professional for Mesoscopic edition should change the
microscopic simulator with the mesoscopic simulator.
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We wont review the Experiments features in this exercise. If we
want to simulate the scenario, we must create a Replication. Just
click the right mouse button on Experiment and go to New /
Replication as shown in the picture:
When presented with Creating replication editor dialog, deselect
Create Average, and click OK. Now, click the right mouse button on
the Replication and choose Animated Simulation (Autorun).
The simulation dialog (see next picture) will appear in the task
box, and well be able to perform the simulation of our exercise by
pressing play ( ).
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Exercise 15. Signal group creation2.
The first intersection is controlled by a traffic light.
Information about phases is usually given as shown in next picture
and table:
The first step before entering the signal timings is to create
the signal groups. To do this we follow the groups as shown in the
image above.
2 Available for all editions except Aimsun Professional for
Travel Demand Modelling edition.
1
2 3
4
5
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We must create its signal groups following these steps:
SG 1 SG 2 SG 3 SG 4 SG 5
Double-click on the intersection and select the Signal Groups
label.
Click on New and a signal group identifier will appear in the
list. Then we must select the set of turnings belonging to that
Signal Group. When all the Signal Groups are already defined, press
OK.
The adjacent dialog window looks like the window one should get
after assigning all the turnings in the intersection to the four
corresponding Signal Groups.
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Exercise 16. Phases creation3.
Once we have defined the signal groups, we should create the
control plan and apply the signal timings as shown in the following
table:
The first thing we need to start defining the phases is a
Control Plan. Control Plans are created in menu Project / New /
Control / Control Plan. In the Project window a new Control Plan
folder will appear and the new created Control Plan will be inside
it.
We can rename the Control Plan, pressing the right mouse button
on it. Another way to do this is to press F2 when the Control Plan
is selected. Lets name it Control AM. Now we return to the
signalised intersection, and specify the signal phases according to
the information above:
Set the Control Type to Fixed
Set the Yellow Time to 3.
Switch to Signals group mode
The five groups defined in the previous exercise must be filled
with two parameters:
Start Time
3 Available for all editions except Aimsun Professional for
Travel Demand Modelling edition.
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Duration
Use values from the figure below:
Signal Group
Start Time Duration
1 0 52
2 0 52
3 0 52
4 58 26
5 58 26
Blank spaces between phases are considered interphase. In this
case, they are considered 6 long. Yellow time is taken as the first
3 seconds of the interphase.
Then we switch to Phases Mode. There, the different phases are
shown as in the next figure:
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This mode also permits traffic control edition. It is also the
way of editing actuated or external types of control. And we can
finally check all different movements corresponding to each
phase:
Phase 1 Phase 3
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Exercise 17. Master Control Plan creation4.
A Master Control Plan is a set of Control Plans. Go to menu
Project / New / Control / Master Control Plan to create a Master
Control Plan that appears in the Site window. Right click on it and
rename it to Master Control Plan AM. Double-click on it to define
its features.
Press the button Set Time and set it to 8:00:00 with duration of
1:00:00, as we had in our only Control Plan. Now, to link them,
press Add Control Item and load the Control Plan.
The editor should look like this:
4 Available for all editions except Aimsun Professional for
Travel Demand Modelling edition.
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Exercise 18. Simulation Preview with Control Plan5.
At this point it would be interesting to place the Master
Control Plan into the scenario and execute a simulation with signal
control to observe the signals introduced. To do this simply double
click on the scenario and select the created master control plan
from the Master Control Plan drop-down.
Now we can simulate the replication created in the previous
exercises.
5 Available for all editions except Aimsun Professional for
Travel Demand Modelling edition.
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Exercise 19. Reserved Lanes.
Next we are going to define a Reserved Lane for the compulsory
use of the Public Transport (Bus). The picture to the right shows
the location of the Reserved Lane. We will use the template defined
Reserved (Compulsory) for Public, found in
the Lane Types folder in the Project window (Infrastructure),
with the icon .
Reserved Lanes
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Should this not be available we can create a new Lane Type in
menu Project / New / Infrastructure / Lane Type. By double-clicking
on this new Lane Type (in the Road and Lane Types folder) we can
manipulate the features of the lane. We relate the Lane Type to the
Vehicle Class Public and set this Lane Type to be reserved for this
class:
Now we should relate the Lane Type to the desired lane from the
section in our exercise. To do that, select the section and press
the right mouse button on the lane and select, in the option Lane
Type, the reserved lane type.
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Exercise 20. Bus Stops.
We will add three Bus Stops to the network as shown in the next
figure:
In order to add a Bus Stop we must click on the icon and then
click on the lane of the section where we want to locate it. Once
its defined, we can change its length, and if we double-click on it
we can set the name and the type.
Stop 1: Length 15m and type Normal.
Stop 2: Length 15m and type Normal.
Stop 3: Length 20m and type Bay.
Stop 1
Stop 2
Stop 3
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Exercise 21. Public Transport Line.
We will define three Transport Plan Lines for buses; in the
following pictures. The names and the routes for the three lines
are specified:
L1 L2
All the necessary information about the stops in the routes and
time tables is listed in the table below:
Name Bus Stops ( Exercise 10)
Departure Interval Time (mean)
Stop Time (mean)
L1 Stop 1 6 min (dev 1min) 18 sec
L2 Stop 2, Stop 3 5 min (dev 1min) 18 sec 20 sec
To create a Line, go to menu Project / New / Public Transport /
Public Transport Line, and a new Line will appear in the folder
Public Transport /
Public Transport Lines in the Project window, with the icon . We
rename the Line (mouse right click and select rename) and by
double-clicking on it we open the Public Transport Line editor to
change the features.
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In the tabbed form Main: Select consecutively the sections of
the bus line route (by clicking the left mouse button on the
sections in the view), and in the sections where a bus stop of the
line is located, we must choose it. The next figure corresponds to
Route definition for line L1:
In the tabbed form Timetables:
Click on the New button to create a new timetable, then change
the name to: Work Day.
Click on the New button in the Schedules area, and set the
Initial Time to 8:00:00, the Duration to 15:59:00, and the
Departure Times to Interval(Punctual).
In the Departure area, select bus as the vehicle type and set
the corresponding time from the previous table in the field
Mean.
In the Dwell Times area, fix the mean times for each of the
stops with the data from the data from the table above by entering
values directly into the forms table
We must repeat this process for the two lines.
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When all the Public Transport Lines are ready, the Public
Transport Plan must be generated. We create a new plan in menu
Project / New / Public Transport / Public Transport Plan; it will
appear in the folder Public Transport / Public
Transport Plans in the Project window with the icon . We rename
the plan to Plan AM and double-click on it and double click on it
to enter the Public Transport Plan editor. Now we assign Lines and
corresponding Timetables to the Plan. We can do this either by
double clicking on the Timetable of each Line, or by selecting the
Timetable and pressing the icon . The next image shows how the
editor should look after assigning the three lines to the Plan.
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Exercise 22. Simulation Preview with Public Transport6.
Now we should inform the scenario that we wish to use the
created public transport plan, and execute a simulation using it.
To do this, double click on the scenario, and select the created
public transport plan from the Public Transport Plan drop down
menu.
Now we can simulate the replication created in the previous
exercises.
6 Available for all editions except Aimsun Professional for
Travel Demand Modelling edition.
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Exercise 23. Pre-emption7.
In every controlled intersection we can give priority to any
kind of vehicles we choose. We will now see an example where we
give priority to the buses of the line 2. This Pre-emption requires
that we are able to detect the priority request, and detect when to
end it, so we will define two more detectors, placed as shown in
the figure below:
These detectors must be able to recognise equipped vehicles
using this line. So buses from line 2 must be equipped and the
detectors must have the Equipped Vehicle measuring capability
(double click on each detector and select Equipped Vehicle under
Measuring Capability).
7 Available for all editions except Aimsun Professional for
Travel Demand Modelling edition.
A
B
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The percentage of equipped buses is set in its Vehicle Type
editor (in the Project / Demand Data window under Vehicle Types and
Classes double click on bus).
Now we are prepared to set all the data in the Pre-emption
folder in the Control of the Node Editor. Add a Pre-emption set
with the Add button. For this pre-emption set, we must add the line
2, the phase that gives right of way to the buses of this line,
phase number 3 and the detector that emits the request for priority
(detector A in the picture) and the one ending the request
(detector B). In the parameters section, we will set the Minimum
Dwell time to 15 seconds and the Maximum to 20. And finally,
between the two types of pre-emption lets choose the alternative,
which will give green to the dwell phase as soon as the minimum
green time of the current green phases are over and the interphase
is finished.
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Now we can run a simulation to observe how the pre-emption
works. Open the Simulation Control folder in the Node Editor during
the simulation for information about the active signals and
phases.
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Exercise 24. Actuated Control8
Lets edit the traffic control at the intersection controlled by
traffic lights. We will change the fixed control and define an
actuated control with dual-ring instead. We consider straight
turning movements as one with their corresponding right turning
movement, as when the straight movement is allowed, the turn to the
right will not interfere with other turnings. For straight and to
the left turnings, if we want to implement a full dual-ring
actuated control, we need to detect individually each call for a
turning movement on the junction, therefore we need an individual
detector and traffic light for each turning movement. We also
require that lanes should not be shared by two or more turning
movements. In our case, the signal groups defined for the fixed
control already fulfil these conditions:
SG 1 SG 2 SG 3 SG 4 SG 5
Then, we must also add enough detectors to detect calls for any
of the movements, so we will add five detectors (covering one or
two lanes depending on the movement) as shown in next figure:
8 Available for all editions except
Aimsun Professional for Travel Demand Modelling edition.
1
2 3 4
5
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As a minimum requirement, detectors must capable of detecting
vehicle Presence, although some other examples of actuated control
require Count capability. Check that all the detectors we have just
defined have the Presence capability enabled.
We create a new control named Actuated Control. In the node we
define it as actuated.
We will define a dual-ring with two barriers. Add a ring by
pressing the Add Ring button, and create a second barrier by
dragging the right line defining the end of Barrier 1 towards the
left.
The Yellow Time can be set to 3 seconds, and we deactivate the
Single Entry option so that, when a barrier is crossed, a phase in
every ring must receive green (marked as Default phase).
Now lets define the phases: the first barrier will contain the
movements coming from the North and the South, and the other
barrier will contain the movements coming from the West. On the
other hand, in the first barrier, the movement up is compatible
with the movement up-left and the movement down, so this last two
will be together in one ring, and the first in the other.
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Next picture shows how this control could be defined (signals
for each phase are defined in the Basics tab): The next step is to
fill in the parameters in the Actuated folder. For Phase 1, we will
set the recall to Min so that it gets a green for each cycle:
In phases 3 and 9 we will implement a Gap Reduction:
Signal 2 Signal 4
Signal 3 Signal 1 Signal 5,6
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Phase 5:
And finally Phase 7 that we will mark with the Hold feature, so
that it stays green even in the absence of calls, until we cross
the barrier.
The last step is the definition of the detectors that will emit
the call for a green phase when they detect the presence of
vehicles. Choose the detector by pressing the Add button and then
selecting the detector in the view.
Following the numeration of detectors in next picture and the
numeration of phases in the diagram of the Node Editor, the
associations will be:
Phase Detector 1 2 3 4 5 3 7 1 9 5
Now we can run a simulation to observe how the actuated control
works. Open the Simulation Control folder in the Node Editor during
the simulation for information about the signals and phases.