Turning the Tide - Borders, Poaching, Technology Sept. 16, 2014

Environmental Asset Management

Maj. Gen. Johan Jooste

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ENVIRONMENTAL ASSET MANAGEMENT

Maj Gen (ret ) Johan Jooste

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ILLICIT WILDL

IFE TRAD

E

SYNDICATED

CRIME

DEMANDENVIRONMENTAL ASSETS

GREED & POVERTY

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The ThreatTHE ILLICIT WILDLIFE TRADE HAS 4 PRIMARY INTERACTIVE COMPONENTS

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A global phenomena

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Organized crime

Victory in the court room

INTERNATIONAL CONSUMER

NATIONAL EXPORTER

NATIONAL COURIER

LOCAL COURIER OR TRANSITO

THE POACHER IN THE PARK

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1WHAT WE CAN DO INSIDE THE PARK

WHAT WE NEED

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The poacher (symptom)

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When borders become fault lines

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When boundaries become irrelevant

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Good fence – good neighbour ?

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Environmental Asset Management(EAM)

• Law enforcement a prominent part of conservation

• Manage – Valuable asset– Natural heritage– Stakeholders

• High cost of ownership• Depletion always looms

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The assetPRICE PER KG

Rhino Horn

$90 000,00

Platinum

$45 000,00

Gold

$39 000,00

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Asset utilized as passive road block(Who needs technology)

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“Republic of Kruger National Park”

• Armagedon or not• Triumph of evil over good – “Symbolism”• Rhino• Elephant…

1000 km border

• National asset• Regional pride• International icon

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• 2 million ha • 1 982 Plant species

– 404 woody– 224 grass

• 147 Mammal sp• 517 Bird sp • 119 Reptile sp• 52 Fish sp (including 3

exotics)• 35 Amphibians

KRUGER NATIONAL PARK

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GAME VIEWING

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The dark side of Kruger

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KNP philosophy

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Facing the challenge

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Strategic level

• Clear the Park from the outside• Asset management• Demand reduction• Communities:

2020

Operational level approach

The KNP is Surrounded by Potential Strategic Partners

• Urban & Rural Communities• Private & Provincial Reserves• Hotels, Lodges & Resorts• Informal Settlements• Farms & Businesses

KNP CAN ONLY BE CLEAREDFROM THE OUTSIDE

LNP

MLCGRU

NIG

2121

Intelligent deployment of resources

Nxanatseni North & South

CPZComposite Protection Zone

Marula North JPZJoint Protection Zone

Marula South IPZIntensive Protection Zone60

% o

f the

KN

P Rh

ino

Popu

latio

n

30%

of t

he K

NP

Rhin

o Po

pula

tion

10%

of t

he K

NP

Rhin

o Po

pula

tion

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Tactical capabilities

• Expand air services• Special rangers• Canine capability• Night enhancement

• PERSISTANT AND UNPREDICTABLE

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“Militarization” of Rangers

NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC• For Rangers on the Front Lines of Anti-Poaching Wars,

Daily Trauma. Unsung heroes face daunting challenges.

• Worldwide, about two rangers are killed every week," says Sean Willmore, president of the International Ranger Federation and founder of the Thin Green Line Foundation, a charity that trains rangers and supports the widows of those killed in the line of duty. "But that's only partial data," he adds. "It could be double that amount."

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No substitute for the Ranger

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Force multipliers

• Training • Equipment – mobility• Doctrine – the “how”• TECHNOLOGY

Surveillance / early warning / tracking / detection (“SETD”)

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EAMA-PO Mission

The EAM for Africa Programme Office is the continental nodal

point for contemporary, integrated and holistic EAM

solutions to ensure the commissioning and

sustainment of systems based on validated user requirements, customised for African, regional

and Park’s realities

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Approach

• EAM customized

• African bush application

• Simple man/ machine interface

• Life cycle affordability

• Turnkey solutions (“wet lease”)

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Application

• Protect

• Enhance

• Non lethal

• Lethal

• Command and control

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Possible Technology Solutions

Direction Finding Unit

Direction Finding Antenna

GPS Module

Operation & Maintenance Terminal

Serial Interface

Accumulation Battery

Inverter

Power Supply Unit

A5 Kc CalculatorInterception unit

GSM Omnidirectional receiving antenna

Uplink Downlink

Direction Finding Unit

Direction Finding Antenna

GPS Module

Operation & Maintenance Terminal

Serial Interface

Accumulation Battery

Inverter

Power Supply Unit

A5 Kc CalculatorInterception unit

GSM Omnidirectional receiving antenna

Uplink Downlink

Electronic Fence

Mobile Phone Tracking

Seismic Fence

Control CentreOperational

Control Centre

Seismic Sensor

Aerial SurveillanceComms Tracking

Monitored Fence

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System architecture

20km ClearVu Invisible

Wall

40km buried seismic cable

Gate canine system

Control room

Special

Rangers

Mobile phone tracker

Note: HUMINT not shown

Relay site

ICOM radios

Ground-to-air radios

Data60km FFT

SecureFenceTM

Mutualink Gateway and Command & Control Facility

Ranger Station Locations are for illustrative purposes. These will require radio planning once finalized.

Ranger Camps

Existing CampsRadio Relay Sites

Park Gates

Link to Ranger CampHigh Speed BackboneLink to Sensor System

LEGEND

Technology in the IPZ

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Taking to the air

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Way forward

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The Illicit Wildlife Trade

A GLOBAL PROBLEM WITH SEVERE REGIONAL IMPACT AND CATASTROPHIC LOCAL IMPACT

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