Turning Rocks to Light

8/8/2019 Turning Rocks to Light

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TURNING ROCKS

TO LIGHT

PROJECTGUIDE:TABISH ADEEL BY : VIVEK VISHAL

SR ENGR ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ( IV)EMD CET-IILM-AHLNTPC-RIHAND


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CONTENTS INDIAN POWER SECTOR CHALLENGES

AND ASPIRATIONS

OPERATIONAL OVERVIEW OF NTPC-RIHAND

SWITCHGEARS


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INDIAN

POWERSECTOR


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FACTS

1897: Indias first power plant commissioned

in Darjeeling.

Total installed capacity of1713 MW in 1950. Total installed capacity of89090 MW

(31.3.98) a 52 fold growth in just 48 years.

Legislation imposed on power sector byThe Electricity Supply Act of1948.

Bankruptcy in all major SEBs


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ACHIVEMENTS

89090 MW of installed capacity (31.3.98) a 52 fold increase in 48years.

The Electricity (supply) Act of1991.

Formation of integrated power majors and liberalization in powersector.

100% foreign equity participation.

Electricity Regulatory Commission Act 1998

formation of CERC and SERC. Also the concept of CTU and STU

realized.

The all India a Average PLF increased to 64.4% by the end of8th

plan.


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CHALLENGES

Constant pressure of demand and supply of over9%

Capacity addition of over 100,000MW in next 10years.

The skewed ratio of thermal hydel capacity

which is down from 34 in 6th to 29 in 7th to 25.5 in8th plan

Improvement in transmission and distributionsystem.

Improving the health of the SEBs


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OPERATIONAL

OVERVIEW

OF

NTPC-RIHAND


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PRINCIPLE

1-2:working fluid ispumped from low to

high pressure

2-3: high pressure liquidis heated at constant

pressure3-4 : the dry saturatedvapour expands

through a turbinegenerating power

4-1: wet vapour enters acondenser and cooled

at constant pressureand temperature


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SYSTEMS AND AUXILLARIES

COAL HANDLING PLANT

HYDROGEN PLANT

BOILERS TURBINE AND GENERATORS

ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR

SWITCHYARD SWITCHGEAR


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COAL HANDLING PLANT

Materials handlingplant.

MGR system ferries thefuel coal

Bottom dischargewagons used forunloading fuel approx160 tonnes in every5minutes at site.

Coal feeders send it topulverisers and bowlmills.

Pulverized coal is sendto boiler bunker for

immediate demand andrest is routed to stackerwhere it stacked andstore.


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OUTLAY OF A COAL HANDLING PLANT


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HYDROGEN PLANT

The facility aims at the generation of hydrogen byelectrolysis of water.

20% solution of caustic soda and demineralised water .

Transformer rectifier is used for charging batteries forelectrolysis. Hydrogen generated is stored and oxygenvented

Hydrogen is compressed using four stage compressor .

Carbon filters are employed to absorb all oil vapours andthen to pruderies for moisture absorption.

The supply is tested in HYDROGEN PURITY ANALYSER for99.6% + purity for coolant supplies.

This supply is filled in pilots at 150kgf pressure.

A hydrogen bank constitutes of8 such pilots


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BOILERS

Its objective is steamproduction

6 pulverizers are

assigned for each boilerdesignated a 500MW

unit. Each pulverizerssupply pulverized coal

to furnace at a rate of300tonnes /hr under full

load.


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OPERATIONS

Fuel mixed with air is blown in boiler to impartswirling motion . Ignition is done by propanelighters which creates a fire ball inside.

DM water is fed using Boiler Feed Pumps whichis heated by economizers.

Steam generated is passed through a series ofsteam water tubes .

Wet steam is introduced in superheat pendanttubes to generate dry steam at criticaltemperature.


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TURBINE AND GENERATORS

A turbo generator isused to produce poweron large scale . Thebasic design isconnection of turbine torotor of generator bymechanical coupling.

Mechanical coupling isplaced on a number ofbearings with oillubrication to avoidfrictional loss

Hydrogen cooling is

employed.Coasting down isprevented using abarring gear.

Oil pressure is used toseal the compartments

of the genertor.


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BATTERY BANK

Constitutes of lead acidcell units

Provides emergencypower for controlsystem, essential drives,turbine lube oil pump,

for communicationsystems.

Important for damagefree shutdown of units.

DC feed line of 415Vcharges the bank andregular test of alternate 5cell potential is done.

Regular discharging isdone to keep systemhealthy.


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ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR

Removes particulatematter from gas beingrejected in atmosphere.

Main components

a. Insulated lagged shell

b. Collection plates

c. Discharge electrode

d. Collection plate rapper

e. Hoppers

Consistently provides99%+ removing

reducing levels to0.002-0.015 grains percubic foot.

Newer versions aredesigned to operate attemperature of750F

and handle flow of100,000-300,000cfm


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OPERATION AND CONTROL

Operational control rest with BAPCON

which is a LTMSB with electronic supply.

It is charged using a 415V AC supply.


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SWITCHYARD

The facility is to ahandle the high tension

line of transmission andalso provide power to

run auxiliaries in theplant.

The major

constituents of theswitchyard are :

a. IBT

b. Station Transformer

c. Unit transformer

d. Unit auxiliaryTransformer


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Objective: de-energizeequipment.

Switchgearisanassembly whichconstitutesof

sensingas wellastrippingequipment.

Sensingequipmentinvolved arerelays. Theyact

ascontrolling devicestoo.

Thesearesimilartoinductionmotor. Moving

elementis discactasrotorand stationarypart

isoneormoreelectromagnet. Theabnormalityin

circuitissensed and converted toelectrical

signals. Thisturnsthe discand energizesthe

trippingsetofspringinBRR mechanism.

BRR MECHANISM: Thesystemisevolved for

conversionofactuatingsignaltomechanical

work. Themechanisminvolvestwosetofsprings

namelyclosingsetand trippingset.Boththese


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arelatched and reciprocateateachstep.

The dcmotorisattached withthegearbox which

iscoupled bythetwosetsofthesespring. Atsituationoftrippingthetensionisimparted to

thetrippingsets whichpullsthetrippingset

toopenthecontact.

Thetrippingequipmentiscircuitbreaker


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CircuitBreaker

It is designated for making or breaking electrical contactin on load conditions.

Its main components include

i. Pole assembly

a) Fixed contact

b) Moving contact

ii. Quenching mediumThere are many standards on which the breakers are

designed like IEEE ,ANSI etc. In India IEC standard isused.


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CLASSIFICATION ON INSULATING

MEDIUM

VACCUMCIRCUIT BREKER

OIL CIRCUITBREAKER

SULPHURHEXAFLORIDECIRCUIT

BREAKER

AIR CIRCUIT

BREAKER


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A THERMAL POWER PLANT


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Turning Rocks to Light

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