Turkey after the Genocide and the Trials that Never Occurred

Turkey after the Genocide and the Trials that Never Occurred

Sultan out 1907

Young Turks in 1908

WWI 1915-1918

Germany, Austria and the Ottoman Empire

vs.

Russia, Britain, French and the US

WWI Ends November 1918

Treaty of Versailles and the League of Nations created

The Genocide 1915

NY Times Articles

Henry Morgenthau the US Ambassador

Baron Von Wangenheim the German Ambassador

Red Cross

The Evidence and Witnesse

s

Bryce Toynbee Report

Possible Bystanders

1. New York Times2. Henry Morgenthau US Ambassador in

Ottoman Empire. 3. British and the Bryce Toynbee Report.

Viscount James Bryce British Parliament and Arnold Toynbee a historian collect reports.

4. Baron Von Wangenheim the German Ambassador

5. Red Cross

Henry Morgenthau US Ambassador in Ottoman Empire.

To the right you see excerpts

from my cables sent to

Washington during WWI.

Why the US did not enter?1. US trying to stay out of WWI2. Ambassadors are guests and should

have respect for their host nation.3. What a sovereign state does in its own

borders is their business.

Bryce Toynbee Report

Lines 11-1523-2640-43

Baron Von Wangenheim the German Ambassador

"The measures of repression by the Imperial Government [Young Turks] against

the Armenian population of the eastern Anatolian provinces having been dictated

by military considerations and constituting a legitimate means of defense, the German

Government is far from opposing their execution inasmuch as these measures

have objective of consolidating the internal security of Turkey and avoiding attempts at

insurrections."

Red Cross

By 1896, the Red Cross worked in the Ottoman Empire to provide aid for Armenians lead by Clara Barton. However,

Turkish government had informed the State Department at Washington that the Red Cross would not be permitted to send surgeons and nurses to the aid of the Armenian people.

Organization donated $ 1.800.000 for relief works in the Near East. Later this amount rose up to $ 6.000.000.

American Red Cross personnel kidnapped Armenian children were restored to their parents and women in Muslim harems were freed.

Problem: No Red Cross Army

Young Turks

Talaat Pasha: Minister of Interior responsible for interior issues like deportation

Enver Pasha: Minister of War responsible for military operations

Djemal Pasha: Minister of Navy

How should the Young Turks be punished after WWI?

What about the ottoman Empire?

• Treaty of Sevres establishes a new Armenian state

• Enter Mustafa Kemal (Ataturk) who led the Turkish Independence War

Turkish Nationalist vs. The Occupying Allies

• Turks fight against Allies and set up a new government in Ankara (capital of Turkey)

• In control of the new government Turkey invades the new Armenian state

• Armenian has to reject Treaty of Sevres and give up land to Turkey. Meanwhile…

Allies demand the new government set up trials for the Young Turks

The Trials

1. Run by Turkey2. Young Turks flee3. Talat in Germany, Enver dies in war and

Djemal was assassinated

Current Articles

4 in a groupMain point of each

Essay Outline Comparing Holocaust to Armenian Genocide

• Punishment• Denial/End• Bystanders

Quiz

• Crimes against humanity, war crimes, massacres, genocide and ethnic cleansing

• Bystanders and global community during• What was done to address the issue of mass

killings after WWI? • Compare the end of the Holocaust to the end of

the Armenian Genocide using one example that focuses on holding perpetrators accountable for their actions.