Tunable Optofluidic Aperture Master thesis presentation CONFIDENTIAL Zürich, February 4 th 2011 Joep Mutsaerts.

Tunable Optofluidic ApertureMaster thesis presentation

CONFIDENTIAL

Zürich, February 4th 2011

Joep Mutsaerts

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.2

Content

• Tunable aperture- Concept- Trapped liquid- Conclusion

• Membrane model identification- Experiments- Analysis- Simulations

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

What is a tunable aperture?

• Most common: Leaflet structure

• Control of:- Light- Depth of Field- Optical quality- F number

3

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

What is a tunable aperture?

4

f/32 – slow shutter f/5.6 – fast shutter

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

Why create a tunable aperture?

• Optical quality in mobile phone market

• Small size

• Low part count

• Available design

5

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

Aperture design

6

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

Aperture design

7

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

Aperture design

8

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

Aperture design

9

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

ML Demonstrator 1

• Trapped fluid problem- Spot depends on speed

• Identified possible causes- Particle size- Concentration

10

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

“trapped fluid” analysis

11

Possible solution Argument pro Contra

Low concentration Less aggregation

Small particle size Less aggregation

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

ML Demonstrator 2

• Goal: test lower concentration, filtered particles (< 1 μm)

• Aperture seems clear, but:- Lens effect caused by remaining fluid- Optical quality depends on speed- Lens effect on aperture edge

• Identified possible solution- Surface tension- Coated glass

12

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

Lens effect

13

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

“trapped fluid” analysis

14

Possible solution Argument pro Contra

Low concentration Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge

Small particle size Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge

High surface tension Less wetting

Glass coating Less wetting

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

ML Demonstrator 3

• Goal: Test influence of- Surface tension of water- Glass silicon coating

• Trapped fluid problem- High surface tension is not enough- Speed dependent

• Identified possible solution- Increase contact angle

15

Fluid Surface Tension

Mercury 470

Water 73

…. << 60

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

“trapped fluid” analysis

16

Possible solution Argument pro Contra

Low concentration Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge

Small particle size Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge

High surface tension Less wetting Does not solve problem

Glass coating Less wetting Does not solve problem

Contact angle Less wetting

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

ML Demonstrator 4

• Goal: test influence of contact angle

• Trapped fluid problem- Soft edge with lens effect

17

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

“trapped fluid” analysis

Possible solution Argument pro Contra

Low concentration Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge

Small particle size Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge

High surface tension Less wetting Does not solve problem

Glass coating Less wetting Does not solve problem

Contact angle Less wetting Does not solve problem

Positive pressure Force pushes liquid away

18

Possible solution Argument pro Contra

Low concentration Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge

Small particle size Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge

High surface tension Less wetting Does not solve problem

Glass coating Less wetting Does not solve problem

Contact angle Less wetting Does not solve problem

Positive pressure Force pushes liquid away

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

Positive Pressure Test

• Air pressurized bulge pushes fluid away.

• Particles < 5µm: Clear aperture result but soft edge

• Particles > 5µm: trapped fluid problem

19

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

“trapped fluid” analysis

Possible solution Argument pro Contra

Low concentration Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge

Small particle size Less aggregation Lens effect in soft edge

High surface tension Less wetting Does not solve problem

Glass coating Less wetting Does not solve problem

Contact angle Less wetting Does not solve problem

Positive pressure Force pushes liquid away Potential Solution

20

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

Double liquid positive pressure prototype

• Optotune lens design with two liquid compartments

21

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

Double liquid positive pressure prototype

• Prototype results: trapped fluid appears again (speed dependent)

• Over time, pigments migrate through membrane into transparent fluid

• Particles were not filtered small enough

22

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.23

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

Feasibility of concept

• Use transparent fluid

• Is concept pigment dependent?

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Aperture

Concept

Trapped liquid

Conclusion

Aperture: Conclusions and Outlook

24

• Trapped fluid problem has not been solved

• Surface profile of transparent lens should be measured

• Particle size and concentration play a large role

• Lens effect can be solved by double fluid

• Bigger and more complicated to produce

• Pigments leak through the membrane

• Feasibility study advises to put the project on hold

• Uncertainty of product quality and costs

• Not the lowest hanging fruit

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.25

Content

• Tunable aperture- Concept- Trapped liquid- Conclusion

• Membrane model identification- Experiments- Analysis- Simulations

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.26

Membrane model

Experiments

Model

Simulation

Membrane model identification

Input: Membrane

•Material SE0904

• t Thickness •ԑ0 Prestrain

• r Aperture radius•p Pressure

Process:Model

•Bulge test results•Linear model•Mooney Rivlin model

Output: Deflection

•Center•Ring

•Visualisation tool

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.27

Membrane model

Experiments

Model

Simulation

Membrane model identification

Actuation force

Focal length

Deflection

Pressure

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.28

Membrane model

Experiments

Model

Simulation

Design of experiment

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.29

Membrane model

Experiments

Model

Simulation

Deflection versus pressure - radius

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 45000

1

2

3

4

5

6

7x 10

-3

Pressure (Pa)

Def

lect

ion

(m

)

Deflection vs Pressure

d = 10 mm11

12

13

14

15

d

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.30

Membrane model

Experiments

Model

Simulation

Deflection versus pressure - radius

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 45000

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5x 10

-5 Deflection vs Pressure, normalized to Aperture area

Pressure (Pa)

Def

lect

ion

/ A

pert

ure

Are

a (

m/m2 )

d

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.31

Membrane model

Experiments

Model

Simulation

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 90000

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9x 10

-3

Pressure (Pa)

Def

lect

ion

(m

)

Pressure vs Deflection

Deflection versus pressure - Prestrain

0%

20%

70%

40%

60%

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.32

Membrane model

Experiments

Model

Simulation

Deflection versus pressure - Thickness

0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 80000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.01

0.012

0.014

0.016

Pressure (Pa)

Def

lect

ion

(m

)

Pressure vs Deflection

200 μm100 μm

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.33

Membrane model

Experiments

Model

Simulation

Measurements statistics

• 148 bulge measurements done

• Thickness 10 – 200 μm

• Radius 5 – 40 mm

• Pressure 0 – 30000 Pa

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.34

Membrane model

Experiments

Model

Simulation

Modelling

Isotropic – constant Youngs Non Isotropic – variable Youngs

Further challenges• Bulge loading• Material model might change

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.35

Membrane model

Experiments

Model

Simulation

Bulge loading

• Thickness not constant

• Thickness proportional to stretch

• Where to measure thickness / stretch?

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.36

Membrane model

Experiments

Model

Simulation

Stress calculation

• ‘Math slide’

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.37

Membrane model

Experiments

Model

Simulation

Stress Strain calculated

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.50

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8x 10

6

Strain (-)

Str

ess

(P

a)

Stress Strain curve

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.38

Membrane model

Experiments

Model

Simulation

Stress strain fit

1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.50

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8x 10

6

Stretch (-)

Str

ess

(P

a)

Stress Strain fit - Mooney Rivlin

Stress-Strain point cloudMooney Rivlin fit

C10 = 210400 Pa

C01 = 16005 Pa

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.39

Membrane model

Experiments

Model

Simulation

Deflection versus Pressure - Simulation

Error model RMSMooney Rivlin 0.0549

Linear model 0.1146

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.40

Membrane model

Experiments

Model

Simulation

Membrane model identification

Input: Membrane

•Material SE0904

• t Thickness •ԑ0 Prestrain

• r Aperture radius•p Pressure

Process:Model

•Bulge test results•Linear model•Mooney Rivlin model

Output: Deflection

•Center•Ring

• Visualisation tool

This information is confidential to Optotune and is not to be copied or forwarded to any 3rd party without our prior written consent.

Membrane model

Experiments

Model

Simulation

Shape Predictor

41

Tunable Optofluidic ApertureMaster thesis presentation

CONFIDENTIAL

Zürich, February 4th 2011

Joep Mutsaerts