Slide 1
SMALL ARMS AND LIGHT WEAPONDAMPAKNYA BAGI KEAMANAN
INTERNASIONAL
Dosen Pembimbing:Drs. Dafri Agussalim, MA
HI UGM 2013Mata Kuliah: Keamanan InternasionalKelompok 2
(NIM:13/352553/PSP/4676) Adi Rio Arianto Salamun
(NIM:13/352095/PSP/4654) Dian Trianita Lestari
(NIM:13/355879/PSP/4813) Evita (NIM:13/357057/PSP/4853) Nasikhatun
Listya Atika Farah
DEFINISI SENJATA KONVENSIONAL
Senjata yang lazim umum, biasa digunakan tidak termasuk senjata
atom, nuklir, kimia dan biologi, dalam hal ini adalah Small Arms
and Light Weapons (SALW) is a term used in arms control protocols
to refer to two main classes of weapons:Small arms: hand-held small
caliber firearms, usually consisting of handguns, rifles, shotguns,
manual, semi-automatic, and full automatic weapons and man-portable
machineguns.Light weapons: Includes a wide range of medium-caliber
and explosive ordnance, including man-portable and vehicle-mounted
antipersonnel, antitank and antiaircraft rockets, missiles, grenade
launchers, rocket launchers, landmines, antiaircraft guns, mortars,
hand grenades and rocket-propelled grenades (RPGs).
(Small Arms and Light Weapon) SALWPBB (1997): small arms adalah
senjata-senjata yang khusus dibuat dengan spesifikasi militer yang
di desain untuk digunakan secaraperorangan, dan berbeda dari
senjata berat yang membutuhkan beberapa orang untukmengoperasikan
dan memeliharanya.Lebih spesifik: Small Arms and Light Weapons
include weapons such as hand guns, pistols, sub-machine guns,
mortars, landmines, grenades, and light missiles.
LATAR BELAKANGDuring the cold war, many nations were flooded
with small arms by powerful nations such as the USA and the former
Soviet Union and their major allies. Even though the cold war has
ended, the small arms still remain and help fuel political and
ethnic differences into conflict.first raised in1995: The missing
of index military complex after cold war, then appear of arms
jumpingGone long ago is the time when we Europeans could subdue
other continents because we had firearms and the local peoples had
not. In 1999 it was reported that an AK-47 assault rifle could be
bought in Uganda for the price of a chicken.
Penyebab Maraknya Penyebaran dan Penggunaan SALWLong-life;Low
maintenance;Relatively cheap and easily available;Highly portable
and so easily concealable.
Therefore makes it easy for things like:Illicit
trafficking;Operation by young children. (There are an estimated
300,000 child soldiers in the world.)
PENYEBARANSupplier: The five permanent members of the UN
Security CouncilFrance, Russia, China, the UK, and the USAtogether
account for 88 per cent of the worlds conventional arms exports;
and these exports contribute regularly to gross abuses of human
rights.Demander: Vietnam has reportedly transferred weapons to
Myanmar; Lebanon, Liberia, Burkina Faso, and Niger have transferred
weapons to Sierra Leone; Namibia to the Democratic Republic of
Congo (DRC) and Angola; Burkina Faso to Benin.
Kebijakan Penyebaran SenjataIsi Perjanjian ATT, perdagangan
senjata internasional akan dibatasi atau dilarang, jika bertujuan
untuk:
Digunakan dalam pelanggaran hak asasi manusia atau hukum
humanitarian internasional yang serius, atau tindakan genosida dan
kejahatan kemanusiaan;Memfasilitasi serangan terorisme, kekerasan
gender, ataupun kejahatan terorganisir lainnya;Melanggar
kewajiban-kewajiban yang ditetapkan dalam Piagam PBB, termasuk
embargo senjata PBB;Mempengaruhi keamanan regional, danPengrusakan
serius terhadap upaya pengentasan kemiskinan atau pembangunan
sosial ekonomi lainnya.
DAMPAKNYA bagi KEAMANAN INTERNASIONALPositif: States and also
individual legal owners rely on for their defense needsSupplying
arms is to held fulfill the security requirements of allies and
friendsIncreasing national security and prestige Accumulation of
arms power : tends to balance the global security
Negatif:Akumulasi yang berlebihan dan ketersediaan yang cukup
luas memperburuk ketegangan,Small arms and light weapons
destabilize regions, this is because they:Spark, fuel and prolong
conflicts;Obstruct relief programes;Undermine peace
initiatives;Exacerbate human rights abuses;Hamper development;
andFoster a culture of violence.
Dilema Penyebaran SALWWhile international attention is focused
on the need to control weapons of mass destruction, the trade in
conventional weapons continues to operate in a legal and moral
vacuum.More and more countries are starting to produce small arms,
many with little ability or will to regulate their use.Permanent UN
Security Council membersthe USA, UK, France, Russia, and
Chinadominate the world trade in arms.
Lanjutan..Most national arms controls are riddled with loopholes
or barely enforced.Key weaknesses are lax controls on the
brokering, licensed production, and end use of arms.Arms get into
the wrong hands through weak controls on firearm ownership, weapons
management, and misuse by authorised users of weapons.
Peran OI dalam Mengontrol SALWPBB: In June 1999, a workshop was
held at Lima on the topic Illicit Traffic in Small Arms: Latin
American and Caribbean issues. The workshop was part of the
Secretary Generals Mandate under General Assembly resolution 53/77
T of 4 December 1998 to conduct broad-based consultations on
illicit trafficking in small arms.
PENUTUPMember states are still far away from achieving global
legal standardsWe need greater recognition that domestic laws and
international policies are interdependentWe need greater
recognition that the legal and the illegal markets for small arms
are inter-related, that many illicit transfers start out as legal
ones, and that small arms are responsible for deaths and
destruction whether they are technically held illegally or not.The
minimal requirement on governments to report to the UN on their
small arms activities and efforts is woefully low and must be
raised.
Terima kasihDanke schon
SEKOLAH PASCASARJANA HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONALFAKULTAS ILMU SOSIAL
DAN POLITIKUNIVERSITAS GADJAH MADA YOGYAKARTA2013