tugas bhs inggris

TUGAS BAHASA INGGRIS 2 #

NAMA :

THERESIA WD (18211061)

KELAS : 1EA26

JURUSAN : MANAJEMEN

UNIVERSITAS GUNADARMA

2011-2012

I. Tense and Classification

A. Tenses

TENSE : The Grammatical form of the verb denoting the time of the action or event and the degree of completion.

B. Classification According to time and in different forms, in English we recognize 16 different tenses are outlined below :1. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE.2. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE.3. THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE.4. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE.5. THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE.6. THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE.7. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE.8. THE PAST PERFECT TENSE.9. THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE.10. THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE.11. THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE .12. THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE.13. THE FUTURE IN THE PAST INDEFINITE TENSES.14. THE FUTURE IN THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE.15. THE FUTURE IN THE PAST PERFECT TENSE.16. THE FUTURE IN THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE.

We take the verb "work" with 16 different forms of tenses as an example:

Form Present Tense Past Tense Future Tense Future In The Past

Simple I Work I Worked I shall Work I should Work

Continuous I am Working I was WorkingI shall be Working

I should be Working

Perfect I have Worked I had WorkedI shall have

WorkedI should have

Worked

Perfect Continuous

I have been Working

I had been Working

I shall have been Working

I should have been Working

II. THE SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

The Simple Present Tense represents an action as taking place state as existing in present time.

The Funcition :1. To say something that is true in the past, present and future (general truth).2. To mention something than often or always happens (habitual activity).

Example : - I see the book.- He is here. - Today is Tuesday.

A. The Formulas

Verb (+) Subject + Verb1 / Verb (+s/es) + object + adverb (-) Subject + do/does + not + Verb 1 + object + adverb(?) Do/does + subject + Verb 1 + object + adverb ?

To Be (+) Subject + to be + adjective / adverb / noun(-) Subject + to be + not + adjective / adverb / noun(?) To be + subject + adjective / adverb / noun ?

The Time SignalsEvery, always, often, usually,sometimes,seldom, and never.

S + V 1 + OI You + V1 + OWeThey

He She + V1 (s/es)It

Verb to be

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI am I am not Am I ?

You are You are not Are you ?HeShe is It

HeShe is notIt

He Is She It

Verb to have

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI have I have not Have I ?

You have You have not Have you ?HeShe has It

HeShe has notIt

He Has She It

Verb to do

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI do I do not Do I ?

You do You do not Do you ?HeShe does It

HeShe does notIt

He Does She do ?

It

Infinitive verb to go

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI go I do not go Do I ?

You go You do not go Do you ?HeShe goes It

HeShe does not go It

He Does She go ?

It

Infinitive verb to work

Affirmative Negative InterrogativeI work I do not work Do I ?

You work You do not work Do you ?

HeShe works It

HeShe does not work It

He Does She work ?

It B. The Example

1. He comes to my office every Monday.2. We get up at six every morning. 3. He has two sisters.4. She is my english teacher.5. That girl smokes too much.6. The earth goes round the sun. 7. The capital of Indonesia is Jakarta.8. Actoins speak louder than words. 9. He always sleeps with his window open. 10. Birds don’t build nests in the autumn. 11. He works hard. 12. She sings beatufully.13. They write badly.14. What does that notice say ? 15. What does the book say ? 16. When the curtain rises, Juliet sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it pick up and

listen quietly. Meanwhile the window opens and masked man enters the room.17. The train starts at ten o’clock in the morning 18. If the weather is fine tomorrow , we shall have a picnic.19. Unless he sends the money before Friday , I shall consult my lawyer.20. In case I forget , please remind me of my promise.21. Let’s wait until he comes (not: until he will come)22. Don’t write until I tell you (Not : until I shall tell you)

III. THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

A. PENGERTIAN

The simple past tense represents an action or state as beloging to time wholly past.

The Funcition : The simple past indicates that an activity or situation began and ended at a particular time in the past.

B. The Formulas

Verb (+) Subject + Verb2 + object + adverb (-) Subject + did + not + Verb 1 + object + adverb(?) Did + subject + Verb 1 + object + adverb ?

To Be (+) Subject + was/ were + adjective/noun/adverb (-) Subject + was/were + not + adjective/noun/adverb(?) Was/were + subject + adjective/noun/adverb ?

The time SignalYesterday, Last..., Ago this morning

Affirmative Negative

Verb To be

I was You wereHe She was It

I was notYou were notHe She was notIt

Interrogative Short Answers

Verb To be

Were you ?Was he ?Was she ?Was it ?

Yes, i was / No, i was notYes, he was / No, he was not Yes, she was / No, she was notYes, it was / No, it was not

S + V2 + O

Affirmative Negative

Verb To have

I You He had She It

I You He had not She It

Interrogative Short Answers

Verb To have

Had you ?Had he ?Had she ?Had it ?

Yes, i had / No, i had notYes, he had / No, he had not Yes, she had / No, she had notYes, it had / No, it had not

C. The Example

1. Tom visited jakarta in july last years.2. He arrived at our house yesterday.3. The train was ten minutes late.4. I bought this car in jakarta.5. “He glanced at the clock, knocked out the ashes of his pipe, got up from hisa chair and

went to bed”6. She always carriedan umbrella .7. I’d rather you told me the truth. 8. She lived with us for a year some years ago.9. He worked in that bank for three years (but he does not work there now)10. She left the room as I entered it.11. I sneezed while the President was speaking.12. If I dropped this it would explode.13. If I knew his address I’d give it to you.14. He behaves as if he owned the place.15. I wish I knew how to do it.16. If only they could be here.17. it is time I went.18. They never drank wine

IV. THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

A. PENGERTIAN The simple future tense represents an action or state to take place or exist in time yet to come.Ex: I shall go to New York

B. The Formulas “THE SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE”

Affirmative Negative

Verb to be

I shall beYou will beHeShe will beIt

I shall not beYou will not beHeShe will not beIt

Interrogative Short answersVerb to be

Will you be ?Will he be ?

Yes, I will / no, I will notYes, he will / no, he will not

Affirmative Negative

Verb to have

I shall haveYou will haveHeShe will haveIt

I shall not haveYou will not haveHeShe will not haveIt

Interrogative Short answersVerb

to have

Will you have ?Will he have ?

Yes, I will / no, I will notYes, he will / no, he will not

Shall / will + kata kerja asal (infinitive)

C. The Example

1. I shall be twenty-one on Sunday.2. He will come if you ask him3. I hope that I shall succeed.4. I shall come every year.5. I shall call on you on Sunday.6. we shall never have dealings with that company again.7. I am sorry to disappoint you, but I will not go there again8. I’m sure he will let us go early today.9. Shall I fetch your coat for you?10. Will you please close the window for me.11. If you pass your examinations, you shall have the bicycle you want.(promise).12. If you do that you shall be hanged.13. He took the sleeping pills an hour ago. He will be a sleep now.14. You shall obey your father.

D. “GOING TO” (THE GOING TO FORM)The going to form is used to express future intention.

He is going to jump into the river. That boy is going to be sick; he looks green. My mother’s going to have a baby.

am, is, are (not) going to + stem (kata kerja asal)

V. THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. PENGERTIAN The present continuous tense represents an action or state is still continuing and is not yet complete.

The Funcition: 1. To mention an action happening at the time of speaking.2. To show that an action is still happening even after it has been mentioned and the adverb

“still” it usually used.

B. The Formulas

Verb (+) Subject + to be + Verb ing+ object + adverb (-) Subject + to be + not + Verb ing + object + adverb(?) To be + subject + Verb ing + object + adverb ?

To Be - Is = He, She, It- Am = I- Are = They, We, You

The Time SignalsNow, at present, at moment, right now, and still.

Affirmative NegativeI am going You are going HeShe is goingIt

I am not going You are not going He She is not goingIt

Interrogative Short answersAre you going ?

Is he going ?Yes, I am / no, I am notYes, he is / no, he is not

am, (is, are) + the present participle (the infinitive + “ing” )

S + is/am/are + V-ing + O

C. The Example

1. It is raining (now).2. I am not wearing a coat as it isn’t cold.3. Why are you sitting at my desk ?4. We are working on a book report.5. He is teaching french and learning greek.6. He is coming to see you tomorrow.7. Are you doing anything tonight ?8. You are always grumbling .9. He is forever picking holes in me.10. He is constantly complaining.

VI. THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. PENGERTIAN The past continuous tense represents an action or state is still continuing and is not yet completed at the past time

The Funcition : Express an activity that was, in progress (was occuring was happening) at a point of the time in the past or at the time of another action.

B. The Formulas

Verb (+) Subject + was/were + Verb ing + object + adverb (-) Subject + was were + not + Verb ing + object + adverb(?) Was/were + subject + Verb ing + object + adverb ?

To Be - Was = I, He, She, It- Were = They, We, You

Adverb of Time- yesterday, last...., ago- when + S + V2

- while + S + was/were + Ving

Affirmative NegativeI was going You were going HeShe was goingIt

I was not going You were not going He She was not goingIt

Interrogative Short answerswere you going ?

were they going ?Yes, I was / no, I was not

Yes, they were / no, they were not

was (were) + the present participle (the infinitive + “ing” )

C. The Example1. it was raining all night .2. It was getting darker.3. Her health was improving.4. the wind was rising.5. I was reading the newspaper when he came in.6. a wood fire was burning on the hearth and a cat was sleeping in front of it.7. Nobody knew whether he was going with us.8. He said that he was working all day on Saturday.9. he was always ringing me up.10.it was a dark night. The wind was blowing hard and the rain was falling heavily. A young

woman suddenly appeared on the bank of river.11.I was coming, but I missed the last car.

VII. THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. PENGERTIAN The future continuous tense represents an action or an event is still continuing, and isd not yet completed in the future time.

B. BENTUK “ THE FUTURE CONTINUOUS TENSE”

Affirmative NegativeI shall be going YouHe will beShe goingIt

I shall not be going YouHe will notShe be going It

Interrogative Negative InterrogativeShall I be going ?

Will you be going ?Shan’t I be going ?

Won’t you be going ?

C. The Example 1. What will you be doing at ten tonight.2. I shall be waiting for you in my room.3. Tom will be visiting us soon.4. I shall be seeing him tomorrow.5. I believe he will be coming this way.6. The sun will be shining in aminute.7. Will you be paying your debt?8. Will you be coming tomorrow ?

shall be (will be) + present participle (the infinitive + “ing”)

S + will/shall + be + V ing

VIII. THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

A. PENGERTIAN The present perfect tense represents an action or an event is in a completed or perfect state in the present time.

B. BENTUK “THE PRESENT PERFECT TENSE”

Affirmative NegativeI You have seen it HeShe has seen it It

I You have not seen it He She has not seen it It

Interrogative Short answers Have you seen it ?

Has he seen it ?Yes, I have/ no, I have notYes, he has / no, he has not

C. The Example

1. He has moved into a new house.2. We have bought our yearly stock of coal.3. The post has just come.4. He has just gone out.5. The sun has just risen.6. I have smoked since I left school.7. I have never seen an armadillo.8. I haven’t seen you for ages.9. We have not met before.10. I received your letter two days ago.

Have (has) + past participle

S + have/has + V3 + O

IX. THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

A. PENGERTIAN The past perfect tense represents an action or an event is ini completed or perfect state in the past time.

B. The Formulas

Affirmative Negative

Had + past participle

S + had + V3

before + s + simple past + s + simple perfect

after + s + past perfect + s + simple past

s + simple past + after + s + past pefect julian went to campus after she had had her lunch

after aldi had had her breakfast, he went to campus

befor vina went to campus, she had had her breakfast

s + past perfect + before + s + simple past jono had gone to the store before he went home

I had seen itYou had seen it He had seen it

I had not seen itYou had not seen it He had not seen it

Interrogative Short answers Had you seen it ?Had he seen it ?

Yes, I had/ no, I had notYes, he had / no, he had not

C. The Example

1. By two o’clock we had lunch.2. I had studied English before I left Germany. 3. He had been here once since six o’clock.4. He said, I’ve bought a new car He said that he had bought a new car.5. If I had know that you wanted the book, I would have sent it.6. I wish we had gone with them.7. He came round to our house before I had finished my breakfast.

X. THE FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

A. PENGERTIAN The future perfect tense respresents an action or an event is in a completed or perfect state in the future time.

B. The Formulas

C. The Example

1. I shall have finished this by dinner time.2. By the end of this term we shall have studied ten lessons.3. The show will have started by the time we get there. 4. When you come tonight, i shall have done my homework.5. By next Monday, he will have lived in Athens for exactly two years.6. it is after three o’clock. They will have gone to bed.7. You will have heard, i expect, that elizabeth is going to be married.

Shall have (will have) + a past participle

S + will/shall + have + V3

affirmative NegativeI shall have seen itYou will have seen it

I shall not have seen itYou will not have seen it

XI. THE PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. PENGERTIAN The present perfect continuous tense respresents an action or an event which began in the past and still continuing, or has only just completed in te present.

B. The Formulas

Affirmative NegativeI have been workingHe has been working

I have not been workingHe has not been working

Interrogative Negative InterrogativeHave you been working?

Has he been working?Haven’t you been working?Hasn’t he been working ?

C. The Example

1. I have been teaching this clas for two years.2. We have been waiting for you for some times.3. I’ve been waiting for an hour and he still hasn’t turned up.4. She has been writing articles for our magazine for the last four years.5. I have not seen you for ages.6. she has died.

Had been (has been) + a present participle

S + will/shall + have + been + V ing+

XII. THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. PENGERTIAN The past perfect continuous tense respresents an action or an event which began before the given moment of past time, and continued up to the time, or stopped just before it.

B. The Formulas

Affirmative NegativeI had been workingHe had been working

I had not been workingHe had not been working

Interrogative Negative InterrogativeHad you been working?Had he been working?

Hadn’t you been working?Hadn’t he been working ?

C. The Example

1. They had been waiting for you a long time.2. I had been sitting there for an hour when he finally appeared.3. She told me that she had been studying English literature.4. I asked her what she had been doing since she arrived in england.5. We hadn’t seen each other for a long time.6. At last they saw the man they had long wished to see.

Had been + a present participle

XIII. THE FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. PENGERTIAN The future perfect continuous tense respresents an action or an event which begins before the given moments of future time, and continuous up that time.

B. The Formulas

affirmative : i shall have been working.negative : i shall not have been working.interrogative : shall i have been working ?negative interrogative : shall i not have been working ?

C. The Example

1. by next summer she will have been teaching here for ten years.2. by next week he will have been working on the project for a whole year.3. on april 2nd. 1981, we shall have been living in this house exactly thirty years. 4. by 9 p.m. the prime minister will have been speaking for two hours.5. by 1982, Tati will have been learning english for three years.6. by next month, Henry will have been working in the weavewell woollen company’s office for

five years.

shall (will) have been + a present participle

XIV. THE FUTURE IN THE PAST INDEFINITE TENSE

A. PENGERTIAN The future in the past indefinite tense is the past form of the simple future tense that represents an action or an event which is going to take place in the past time.

B. The Formulas

Affirmative NegativeI should work

You would workI should not work

You would not workInterrogative Negative Interrogative

Should i work ?Would you work ?

Should i not work ?Would you not work ?

C. The Example

1. They wanted to know when you would go to thr park.2. i thought you wouldn’t have any objection to it.3. Every Sunday, he would go for a long walk.4. He would fit for hours without saying a word.5. Would you close the window, please.6. They would not help us.7. He was speaking slowly so that everybody should understand him.8. I wish he would stop the noise.9. I should like to sit down for a few moments.10.You should go to see your parents soon.11.I should know that voice.12.What should i do ?13.If i dropped this it would explode.

I : should (would) + infinitive

II & III : would + infinitive

XV. THE FUTURE IN THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. Form “THE FUTURE IN THE PAST CONTINUOUS TENSE”

Affirmative NegativeI should be going

You would be goingI should not be going

You would not be going

B. The Example 1. i said he would be reading in the library between two and four that afternoon.2. i thought that he would be reading if i come to see him at six.3. he asked me what i should be doing tomorrow evening. 4. She knew her friends would be coming that way.5. i knew he would be taking her exams that week.

XVI. THE FUTURE IN THE PAST PERFECT TENSE

A. Form “THE FUTURE IN THE PAST PERFECT TENSE”

Affirmative NegativeI should have seen it

You would have seen itI should not have seen it

You would not have seen it

B. The Example 1. i hoped that he would have finished before we got back.2. she was afraid her comraders would have left before she got there.3. if i had known of your arrival i should have met you.4. if he had fallen through the ice he would have drowned.5. you should have stopped at the red lights.6. you should have gone to see your parents yesterday.7. i should have liked to go if only i had known about it at the time. 8. if she should have heard of that, there will have been terrible trouble.

XVII. THE FUTURE IN THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

A. Form “THE FUTURE IN THE PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE”Affirmative negative

I should have been workingYou would have been working

I should not have been workingYou would not have been working

B. The Example 1. They told me that bybthe end of the year they would have been working together for twelve

years.2. She decided to retire that winter. By that time she would have been teaching in the

university for 3 years.

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

- BANK SOAL BHS INGGRIS UNTUK SMA (PENERBIT M2S)- INTISARI BAHASA INGGRIS (PUSTAKA SETIA)- BUKU CATATAN SEWAKTU SMA