TUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING CEMENTITIOUS …civil.srpec.org.in/files/Project/2014/1.pdf · Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate Step 3 :- Checking of physical properties

STUDY OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE USING

CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS

Guided By:-

Dr. Ami H. Shah

Prepared by :-

Patel Vivek p.

Patel Maulik C.

Patel Sapneel D.

Chaudhary Anil J.

CONTENTS

Introduction

Objective

Literature review

Methodology

Material

Result

Conclusion

References

• Considering the volume, concrete is the first mostly used building

material in the world. It is obtained by mixing cement, water, aggregate

and sometimes admixtures in required proportions.

• The Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) is one of the main ingredients

used for the production of concrete and has no alternative in the civil

construction industry.

• Unfortunately, production of cement involves emission of large amounts

of carbon-dioxide gas into the atmosphere, a major contributor for green

house effect and the global warming, hence it is inevitable either to

search for another material or partly replace it by some other material.

INTRODUCTION

•The search for any such material, which can be used as an alternative or as

a supplementary for cement should lead to global sustainable development

and lowest possible environmental impact.

•Fly ash, Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag, Rice husk ash, Marble

dust, silica fume are some of the mineral admixture which can be used in

concrete as partial replacement of cement.

•A number of studies are going on in India as well as abroad to study the

impact of use of this mineral admixture as cement replacements and the

results are encouraging.

• To use cementitious material in concrete mix design.

• To compare the mechanical properties of modified concrete and conventional

concrete.

• To compare the cost of modified concrete with conventional concrete.

• Understand the properties of concrete in order to introducing the

cementitious material .

• Utilization of waste and by-product to improve the properties of

concrete.

OBJECTIVES

1. Jeena Mathew

“Effect of fly ash on strength and durability parameters of

concrete” International Journal of Engineering Sciences &

Emerging Technologies, August 2012. Volume 3, Issue 1, pp: 28-

35

Consistency of cement depends upon its fineness. fly ash is having

greater fineness than cement and greater surface area so the consistency

increases greatly, when fly ash percentage increases. The normal

consistency increases about 40% when fly ash percentage increases from

0% to 20%. The optimum 7 and 28-day compressive strength and

flexural strength have been obtained in the range of 10-15 % fly ash

replacement level. Increase in split tensile strength beyond 10 % fly ash

replacement is almost insignificant where as gain in flexural tensile

strength have occurred even up to 15 % replacements.

LITERATURE REVIEW

2. V. Bhikshma, and Y.Venkateshamc

“Investigations on mechanical properties of high strength fly ash

concrete” Asian journal of civil engineering (building and housing) vol. 10,

no. 3 (2009) pages 335-346

Cement replacement up to 12% with fly ash leads to increase in

compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength, for

both M40 and M50 grades. Beyond 12% there is a decrease in compressive

strength, tensile strength and flexural strength for 28 days curing period.

3. Dr. R.N.Uma

“Experimental investigation on fly ash as partial replacement of cement in

high performance concrete ” The International Journal Of Engineering And

Science (IJES) Volume2 Pages 40-45 2013

High performance concrete produced from cement replacement up to

7.5% fly ash leads to increase in compressive strength, split tensile and

Flexure strength of concrete. High Performance Concrete with fly ash can be

effectively used in high rise buildings since high early strength is required,

and the construction period can be reduced. The percentage of increase in the

compressive strength is 15%, Split tensile strength is 20% and the flexure

strength is 23% at the age of 28 days by replacing 7.5% of cement by fly ash.

4. S. Bhanjaa

“Influence of marble dust on the tensile strength of concrete” Cement and

Concrete Research 35 (2005) 743–747

The optimum marble dust replacement percentages for tensile strengths

have been found to be a function of w/cm ratio of the mix. The optimum 28-

day split tensile strength has been obtained in the range of 5–10% marble

dust replacement level, whereas the value for flexural strength ranged from

15% to 25%.

5. Vaidevi C

“Study on marble dust as partial replacement of cement in

concrete.” Indian Journal Of Engineering.

it is concluded that the marble dust can be used as a

replacement for cement. Test results indicate that the

10% of marble dust in the cement concrete gives the

best results. And also increase in curing days will

increase the strength of marble dust concrete when

compared from 14 days to 28 days.

Step 1 :- Problem identification

Step 2 :- Material Selection

Cement

Marble dust

Fly ash

Fine aggregate

Coarse aggregate

Step 3 :- Checking of physical properties of testing material

Step 4 :- Mix Design

Step 5 :- Selecting different proportion of cementitious material

Step 6 :- Concrete curing

Step 7 :- Checking Mechanical properties

Step 8 :- Result analysis

Step 9 :- Conclusion

METHODOLOGY

MATERIAL

• Fly ash is a by-product of the combustion of coal in thermal

power plants.

• Concrete using fly ash is generally reported to show reduced

segregation and bleeding and to be more satisfactory than plain

concrete when placed by pumping.

• Replacement of cement by fly ash results in a reduction in the

temperature rise in fresh Concrete.

• As concrete where cooling, following a large temperature rise, can lead

to cracking.

FLY ASH

MARBLE DUST

•Stone wastes are generated as a waste during the

process of cutting and polishing.

•It is estimated that 175 million tons of quarrying waste

are produced each year, and although a portion of this

waste may be utilized on-site, such as for excavation pit

refill or berm construction.

•The disposals of these waste materials acquire large

land areas and remain scattered all around, spoiling the

aesthetic of the entire region.

• Cement is a fine, grey powder. Cement is mixed with water and

materials such as sand, gravel, and crushed stone to make concrete.

• The cement and water form a paste that binds the other materials

together as the concrete hardens.

• The most commonly used cement is called ordinary Portland cement.

• Ordinary Portland cement of different grades OPC-33, OPC-43 and

OPC-53 are available in the market and are generally used for

producing flash fiber reinforced concrete.

• In this work Ultratech cement of 53 grade was used for casting cubes

for all concrete mixes.

CEMENT

• The sand used for the work was locally procured and conformed to

Indian Standard Specifications IS: 383-1970.

• The sand was sieved through 4.75 mm sieve to remove any particles

greater than 4.75 mm.

• The various other tests conducted are specific density, bulk density,

fineness modulus, water absorption and sieve analysis.

• Fine aggregated belonged to grading zone III.

FINE AGGREGATE

COARSE AGGREGATE

The material which is retained on IS sieve no. 4.75 is termed as a

coarse aggregate.

The crushed stone is generally used as a coarse aggregate.

Locally available coarse aggregate having the maximum size of 10

mm was used in this work.

The aggregates were washed to remove dust and dirt and were

dried to surface dry condition.

MIX PROPORTIONING

All the samples were prepared using design M30 grade of concrete. Mix design

was done based on I.S 10262-1982. The Table below show mix proportion of

concrete (Kg/m3)

Sr. No Material Quantity

(Kg/m3)

1. Cement (OPC) 350

2. Fine Aggregate 812.75

3. Coarse Aggregate 1076.23

4. Water 186

TEST ON CONCRETE

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

In the study of strength of material, the compressive strength is the

capacity of a material or structure to withstand loads tending to reduce

size. It can be measured by plotting applied force against deformation in

a testing machine. Some material fracture at their compressive strength

limit; others deform irreversibly, so a given amount of deformation may

be considered as the limit for compressive load. Compressive strength is

a key value for design of structures.

SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH

• Tensile strength is an important property of concrete because concrete

structures are highly vulnerable to tensile cracking due to various

kinds of effects and applied loading itself.

• However, tensile strength of concrete is very low in compared to its

compressive strength. This test could be performed in accordance

with IS : 5816-1970

Flexural strength, also known as modulus of rupture, bend strength,

or fracture strength mechanical parameter for brittle material, is

defined as a material's ability to resist deformation under load. The

transverse bending test is most frequently employed, in which a

specimen having either a circular or rectangular cross-section is

bent until fracture or yielding using a three point flexural strength

technique. The flexural strength represents the highest stress

experienced within the material at its moment of rupture. It is

measured in terms of stress.

FLEXURAL STRENGTH

RESULT

• Here the results of the control concrete and concrete made with

replacement of fly ash and marble dust with cement are discussed.

• A compression machine was used for all compression strength testing at

a load rate of 0.15 MPa/s. For each specimen, the load was continuously

applied without shock until failure.

• The average strength of three specimens from each batch was reported as

final strength. The tests were performed at 7 and 28 days for the strength.

RESULTANT STRENGTH OF FLY ASH

Mix

% of fly

ash

added

Compressive

Strength(N/mm²)

Split tensile

Strength(N/mm²)

Flexural

Strength(N/mm²)

7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days

M1 0 22.97 33.30 2.87 4.03 3.63 4.50

M2 5 25.04 36.29 3.00 4.21 4.03 4.61

M3 10 28.23 41.76 3.25 4.52 4.25 5.16

M4 15 26.59 40.30 3.30 4.70 4.12 5.07

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 5 10 15

com

pre

ssiv

e st

rength

(N/m

m2)

% of fly ash

7 days

28 days

SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

0 5 10 15

spli

t te

nsi

le s

tren

gth

(N/m

m2)

% of fly ash

7 days

28 days

FLEXURAL STRENGTH

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 5 10 15

7 days

28 days

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 5 10 15

Fle

xu

ral

str

ength

(N/m

m2)

% of fly ash

7 days

28 days

Mix

% of

marble

dust

added

Compressive

Strength(N/mm²)

Split tensile

Strength(N/mm²)

Flexural

Strength(N/mm²)

7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days

M1 0 22.97 33.30 2.87 4.03 3.63 4.50

M2 5 26.70 38.50 3.11 4.22 3.41 4.27

M3 10 29.20 42.10 3.28 4.57 3.77 4.63

M4 15 28.30 40.36 3.19 4.43 3.59 4.32

RESULTANT STRENGTH OF MARBLE DUST

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 5 10 15

Com

pre

ssiv

e s

tren

gth

(N/m

m2)

% of marble dust

7 days

28 days

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

0 5 10 15

Sp

lit

ten

sile

str

ength

(N/m

m2)

% of marble dust

7 days

28 days

SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

5

0 5 10 15

Fle

xu

ral

stre

ngth

(N/m

m2)

% of marble dust

7 days

28 days

FLEXURAL STRENGTH

mix

% of

material

added

Compressive strength

Fly ash Marble dust

7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days

M1 0 22.97 33.30 22.97 33.30

M2 5 25.04 36.29 26.70 38.50

M3 10 28.23 41.76 29.20 42.10

M4 15 26.59 40.30 28.30 40.36

COMPARISON AND DISCUSSION

Compressive strength of fly ash & marble dust

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

0 5 10 15

Com

pre

ssiv

e st

ren

gth

(N/m

m2)

% of material added

Fly ash

Marble dust

Compressive strength between fly ash & marble dust at 7 days

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

0 5 10 15

Com

pre

ssiv

e st

ren

gth

(N/m

m2)

% of material added

Fly ash

Marble dust

Compressive strength between fly ash & marble dust at 28 days

mix

% of

material

added

split tensile strength

Fly ash Marble dust

7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days

M1 0 2.87 4.03 2.87 4.03

M2 5 3.00 4.21 3.11 4.22

M3 10 3.25 4.52 3.28 4.57

M4 15 3.30 4.70 3.19 4.43

Split tensile strength of fly ash & marble dust

2.6

2.7

2.8

2.9

3

3.1

3.2

3.3

3.4

0 5 10 15

Sp

lit

ten

sile

str

ength

(N/m

m2)

% of material added

Fly ash

Marble dust

Split tensile strength between fly ash & marble dust at 7 days

3.6

3.8

4

4.2

4.4

4.6

4.8

0 5 10 15

Sp

lit

ten

sile

str

ength

(N/m

m2)

% of material added

Fly ash

Marble dust

Split tensile strength between fly ash & marble dust at 28 days

mix

% of

material

added

flexural strength

Fly ash Marble dust

7 days 28 days 7 days 28 days

M1 0 3.63 4.50 3.63 4.50

M2 5 4.03 4.61 3.41 4.27

M3 10 4.25 5.16 3.77 4.63

M4 15 4.12 5.07 3.59 4.32

Flexural strength of fly ash & marble dust

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

0 5 10 15

Fle

xu

ral str

en

gth

(N

/mm

2)

% of material added

Fly ash

Marble dust

Flexural strength between fly ash & marble dust at 7 days

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

0 5 10 15

Fle

xu

ral str

en

gth

(N

/mm

2)

% of material added

Fly ash

Marble dust

Flexural strength between fly ash & marble dust at 28 days

CONCLUSION

• Addition of fly ash and marble dust to concrete can be conveniently

achieved with the present day technology. This study has shown that it

is possible to produce high strength concrete using the locally

available materials with proper amount of mineral admixtures.

• High compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength

of concrete was achieved when marble powder was replaced at 10%

by weight of cement in concrete.

• On comparative basis, results indicated that compressive strength of

fly ash and marble dust concrete specimens were higher than those of

plain concrete specimens at all ages.

• The results of the present investigation indicated that the maximum

compressive strength and flexural strength occur at about 10 % fly ash

content and split tensile strength at 15%.

• In addition of marble dust get higher compressive strength than addition

of fly ash at 10% replacement of cement by weight.

• Higher split tensile strength achieved in case of fly ash than the addition

of marble dust at 15% replacement of cement by weight.

• Higher flexural strength achieved in case of fly ash than the addition of

marble dust at 10% replacement of cement by weight.

REFERANCES

Charif, H., Jaccoud, J-P., and Alou, F., "Reduction of Deformations with

the Use of Concrete Admixtures" Admixtures for Concrete:

Improvement of Properties.

Duval, R. and Kadri, E.H., “Influence of silica fume on the

workability and the compressive strength of high-performance

concretes”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 28, No. 4, 1998, pp

533-547.

Effect of Fly Ash Additive on Concrete Properties, C.Marthong,

T.P.Agrawal / International Journal of Engineering Research and

Applications, Vol. 2, Issue4, July-August 2012.

Effect of Mineral Admixtures on Mechanical Properties of High

Strength Concrete Made with Locally Available Materials, Muhannad

Ismeik, Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, Volume 3, No. 1, 2009.

Incorporation of Mineral Admixtures in Sustainable High Performance

Concrete, Nima Farzadnia1*, Abang Abdullah Abang Ali1 and

Ramazan Demirboga, International Journal of Sustainable Construction

Engineering & Technology Vol 2, Issue 1, June 2011.

M.S. SHETTY, Concrete Technology Theory and Practice, S. Chand

Publication.

S. Bhanja, B. Sengupta, “Modified water–cement ratio law for silica

fume concretes”, Cement and Concrete Research, Vol. 33, 2003, 447-

450.

Study on Strength Development of High Strength Concrete Containing

Fly ash and Silica fume, A R Hariharan et al. / International Journal of

Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST).

Thank you