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TUBERCULOSISTUBERCULOSIS

Instructor: Anna Barral, PhD.

Course: BIO 152-

Cuyamaca College

Bench # 6:

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Mycobacterium tuberculosisMycobacterium tuberculosis

ComplexComplex The Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex oforganismsconsistsofthe followingspecies:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium africanum Mycobacterium bovis

Mycobacterium microti

The lastthree are nowconsideredto be sub-

speciesofM. tuberculosis M. tuberculosis isanobligate pathogenandcan

infectawide varietyofanimals. Manistheprincipal host

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Mycobacterium TuberculosisMycobacterium TuberculosisKingdom: Bacteria

Phylum: ActinobacteriaOrder: Actinomycetales

Suborder: Corynebacterineae

Family: MycobacteriaceaeGenus: Mycobacterium

Species: M. tuberculosis

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

AcidAcid--fast stain. CDC.fast stain. CDC.

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HistoryHistory Tuberculosisdates backtoatleast

4000 BCandwaspresentinancient

Egypt, Greece, Rome,and India.

Knownasconsumption,itwasresponsible forone infive deathsin

17th century London.

In 1882, RobertKoch discoveredthetubercle bacillus.

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In the USIn the US By 20th century > 80% ofthe populationinthe UnitedStateswere infectedbefore age 20,andtuberculosiswasthe

single mostcommoncause ofdeath. By 1938 there were more than 700 TB

hospitalsinthiscountry.

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description of the disease: Reservoirdescription of the disease: Reservoir

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Mode of transmissionMode of transmission

Spreads through theSpreads through the

air when a person withair when a person with

active TBactive TB

CoughsCoughsSpeaksSpeaks

LaughsLaughs

SneezesSneezes

SingsSings

Another personAnother person

breathes in the bacteriabreathes in the bacteria

and becomes infectedand becomes infected

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Clinical symptomsClinical symptoms

CoughCough (2-3 weeksormore) Coughingup blood

FeverFever

Weight lossWeight loss Night sweatsNight sweats

Loss of appetiteLoss of appetite

Fatigue, fFatigue, feelingweakandtired

Swollen glandsSwollen glands ChillsChills

Chestpain

TBoutside the lungs,might have others m toms

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DiagnosisDiagnosis

Clinicalsymptoms

Physical exam

Skintest- Mantoux test PPDinjectedinforearmand examined 2-3

dayslater

Redweltaroundinjectionindicatesinfection

Differentialdx.Active TB vs TBinfection(latent TB)

Chest X-Ray,sputumsmear,culture,PCR.

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DiagnosisDiagnosis

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TreatmentTreatmentA person with active TB disease has a large

amount of TB bacteria in the body. TB

disease can be treated by taking severaldrugs for 6 to 12 months.

Regiments for treating TB have an initial

phase of 2 months, followed by a choice

of several options for the continuationphase of either 4 or 7 months

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TreatmentTreatmentRecommended Regiment

There are 10 drugs currently approved by the U.S.

Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for thetreatment of Tuberculosis. Of the approved

drugs, the first line anti-TB agents include:

Isoniazid (

INH)

Rifampin (RIF)

Ethambutol (EMB)

Pyrazinamide (PZA)

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Epidemiology : prevalence, data ofEpidemiology : prevalence, data of

interest if possible, if existinginterest if possible, if existing

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Any additional information,Any additional information,

interesting/current stories.interesting/current stories.

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References:References: http://www.textbookofbacteriology.net/tub

erculosis_2.html

Medical Microbiology, Jawetz, Melnick &Adelbergs 24th Edition.

08 Feb 2001.ABriefHistoryofTuberculosis.NJMS National TuberculosisCenter. 12

Oct 2004.

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ReferencesReferences http://cdc.gov/tb/topic/treatment/defa

ult.htm