1 (areometer*), hydrometer hydrometer. 2 AASHTO classification system h phn loi t AASHTO. H phn loi t AASHTO c Cc Giao thng M gii thiu vo cui nhng nm 1920 trong xy dng nn ng t cao tc. Sau nhiu ln sa i, h c Hi ng b M (American Association of State Highway Officials) chp nhn nm 1945 v sau vn tip tc c sa i. H AASHTO c nu dng mt bng cc nhm t, nh s t A1 n A7 trn c s mt s tiu chun nh c ht, gii hn lng, do v.v... t c phn loi bng cch p cc s liu th nghim ln lt vo tng nhm ca bng t tri qua phi cho n khi gp c nhm u tin ph hp. 3 abrasion , s bo mn, s mi mn. S lm mn dn b mt ca mt vt liu do tc dng ca mt vt liu cng hn. 4 abrasive kh nng b bo mn 5 abrasiveness test th nghim mi mn. Dng xc nh mi mn ca dng c ct . Ngi ta o kh nng lm mn dng c ca ct nh u mi khoan, hoc a ca ca mt my khoan o hm. Chng hn, mi mn ca a ca c xc nh bng cch cn trng lng mt i ca a mi c hnh dng v cng tiu chun, mi trn mt vi mt tc v khong cch tiu chun. mi mn Ar, l nghch o ca khi lng mt. Ar nh chng t a c kh nng chu mi mn cao. 6 absolute strength value of an explosive gi tr cng ph tuyt i ca cht n. 7 absorbed water nc hp th.
Nc c gi mt cch c hc trong t c cc tnh cht vt l khng khc nhiu so vi nc t do cng nhit v p sut. absolute volume th tch tuyt i. Th tch thc s ca nhng ht ct ca ct liu b tng... thng c xc nh bng cch nhn chm chng vo nc ri o th tch nc b chim ch. 8 absorption , s hp th, s thm, s thu ht bc x, s ht m. a) Qu trnh mt cht lng chui qua cc l rng ca mt vt liu 9 abutment gi ta u cu c chn . 10 accelerators in shotcrete ph gia, cht xc tc trong phun b tng. Trn vo va b tng trc khi phun lm ci thin mt s c tnh c hc nh kh nng ng cng nhanh, dnh bm cao... 11 accelerometer gia tc k. 12 access ramp ng ln. 13 accretion s tng trng. 14 accuracy chnh xc. 15 acoustic emission
bc x m thanh. Xem: kaiser effect. 16 active earth pressure p lc t ch ng. p lc t ch ng, cng vi p lc t b ng v p lc t trng thi ngh, l mt trong ba dng p lc bn ca t. p lc t trng thi ngh tn ti khi t cha b bin dng do theo chiu ngang. p lc ch ng v b ng l nhng iu kin ti hn, th hin trng thi cn bng do khi mt phn hoc ton b khi t sp sa b ph hy. Trng thi ng sut ch ng xy ra khi t b ko cng theo chiu ngang, th d khi tng chn chuyn dch khi khi t lp. Trng thi ng sut b ng xy ra khi t b nn theo chiu ngang, th d khi tng chn chuyn dch v pha khi t lp. Bin dng chy do cn thit t ti trng thi b ng ln hn nhiu so vi trng thi ch ng. 17 active layer lp t ch ng. 18 Active subsidence ln ch ng, tch cc. a. Qu trnh ln ang xy ra ti thi im hin ti. b. Ln c gy ra mt cch ch ng y nhanh qu trnh n nh nn t v cng trnh. 19 Active support tr lc tch cc, ch ng. Bin php tr lc d tnh trc trn c s theo di cht ch tc thi hnh vi ca t vy quanh cng trnh (hm, l v.v.), tin hnh lp dng tr lc ng lc, va , tn dng c kh nng t chng , iu chnh ca t khi trng thi ng sut trong chng thay i do khai o gy ra. 21 Activity coefficient h s hot tnh. T s gia hot tnh ha hc vi nng . 22 adhesion dnh bm. Sc khng ct gia t v cc vt liu khc nh thp, b tng v.v...khi khng c p lc tc
dng. 23 adhesive c kh nng bm dnh, c tnh bm dnh. 24 Adit l ngang. 25 Admixtures ph gia. Dng trong a k thut ci thin cc c tnh c l ca t. Mt s ph gia ph bin gm: nha ng, vi, xi mng. asphalt admixtures nha ng. Cc vt liu h bitum khi trn vi t dnh kt lm tng kh nng chng thm, gim m v do , tng sc bn v kh nng chu ti ca t. lime admixtures vi. Trn vi vo t (ch yu ht mn) gp phn ci thin sc bn, cng, gim ch s do, kh nng trng n v.v.. Vi lm tng cao lng cation Ca trong cc lp kp xung quanh ht st dn ti gim kh nng hp dn nc ca chng. Ngoi ra, vi cn gy nn phn ng puzlan vi t, tng sc bn ca t theo thi gian. Tuy nhin, trn vi vo t st khng ng t l v quy trnh c th dn ti hu qu ngc li. cement admixtures xi mng. Trn xi mng vi t mt m nht nh gp phn n nh t trong nhng iu kin c bit, th d gia cng t nn di lp b tng ng t cao tc hoc ng bng my bay. 26 adsorbed ions cc in b hp th.
27 aeolian deposit trm tch gi Trm tch c ngun gc do gi nh cc n ct hoc t Hong th. 28 aeration aerate S lm ti t, lm thang kh cho t. 29 afflied geology a cht hc ng dng. Mn hc ng dng cc lnh vc khc nhau ca khoa hc a cht vo cc lnh vc kinh t, cng ngh, cung cp nc hoc mi trng; a cht hc lin quan ti hot ng ca con ngi. 30 agglomerate dm kt ni la. t c ngun gc phun tro ni la. 31 aggradation s trm tch (ca ht t). 32 aggrade trm tch ( ca ht t). 33 aggregate ct liu Vt liu ct v (s dng trong cng ngh b tng). Xem: concrete aggregate. 36 agitation s quay trn (s quay trn t, lm xo trn t). 37 agitator cn quay trn, que quay trn, dng c quay trn.
38 air - dry lm kh, phi kh ngoi tri. 39 air actuated piezometers ng o p lc nc. ng o p lc nc dng khng kh, mt thit b cho php o p lc nc mt cch nhanh chng. p lc nc c cn bng bi p lc khng kh tc dng ln mn chn. Khi p lc kh v p lc nc hai pha ca mn chn cn bng vi nhau, khng kh c th that ra ngoi qua mt van. 40 air placed concrete B tng kh nn 41 air void ratio (= degree of air saturation) h s rng. bo ha ca pha kh trong mu t. 42 Airblast n kh. N kh cng vi ting n l hai vn thng gp trong n mn. N kh xut hin ngay cnh l mn v c th gy h hi cho cc cng trnh. Xa dn l mn, n kh chuyn thnh ting n, cng l mt tc ng xu n mi trng. Cc yu t gp phn gy nn n kh v ting n c th do np thuc n qu liu, ln thuc n khng cht, dy chy b h, cc khe nt trong thng nhau v lp ph nng to nn dng lng cho khi n. Xung ng lan truyn trong khng kh ph thuc vo cc iu kin kh quyn nh nhit , gi v cao . 43 airtight Kh nng lm gim tnh thm ca t di tc dng ca khng kh. 45 A-line ng A. L ng thng v trong th do ca t, vi trc tung l ch s do v trc Honh l gii hn lng ca t. Bn trn ng A l cc loi st v c, pha di l st hu c v bn (c v c ln hu c). Casagrande (1948) s dng th do ca t i snh nhiu tnh
cht ca st v bn vi cc gii hn Atterberg ca chng. ng gi ng phn chia ni trn l ng A, vit tt tn ca Atterberg, l ngi ln u tin (1911) nh ngha cc gii hn ca t, nh gii hn co cng, do, lng v ch s do. Nhng gii hn ny l hm lng nc (tng dn) c trong st v cc loi t dnh kt khc, ti t chuyn trng thi t cng sang na cng, do v lng. 46 allochthonous (geol.) ngoi lai. 47 allowable bearing capacity kh nng chu ti cho php. 49 alluvial soil t ph sa. t non tr ang trong qu trnh tch cc thnh to, c vn chuyn bng dng nc, sau lng ng trn bi bi v chu th v c nhng tnh cht c bn ca ph sa. 50 alterability S lm thay i, kh nng c th thay i. 51 alteration S lm thay i (~ nhng c tnh ca t nn) 53 aluminum octahedron octahedron nhm. Mt trong hai n v tinh th c s, cng vi tetrahedron silic-oxy, to nn cc nhm khang vt st khc nhau Ty thuc vo s kt hp gia hai n v ni trn. Cc n v tetrahedron lin kt vi nhau to thnh tm silic trong khi cc n v octahedron lin kt vi nhau to thnh tm gibsit. Phng thc b tr phn t trong cc tm silic v gibsit cho php chng xp chng ln nhau rt cht. Kaolinite l mt khang vt st c kin trc hai lp in hnh (chiu dy 7.2 A*) vi cc tm silic v gibsit xp chng lun phin ln nhau. Kt ni gia cc n v hai lp ni trn l hydro v cc lc ha tr th cp. Montmorillonite l khang vt st c kin trc ba lp in hnh (chiu dy 9.5 A*) vi tm gibsit nm kp gia hai tm silic. Trong tm gibsit thng xy ra thay th ng hnh Mg v
Fe bng Al, lm t nhiu thay i c c tnh ca montmorillonite. Ngoi ra, cng c kh nng thay th ng hnh Si ca tm silic bng Al. Kt dnh gia cc n v ba lp vi nhau l do lc ha tr th cp v lin kt trao i in. Song lin kt ny rt yu v nc c th len vo gia cc n v ny, lm trng n khang vt. Do vy st montmorillonite c kh nng trng n rt cao v iu ny cn c ti trong thit k nn mng. Illite l khang vt st c kin trc ba lp rt bn vng gm cc n v montmorillonite lin kt bi lc ha tr th cp v cc in kali. Lun c mt lng ng k (khong 20%) Si trong cc tm silic b Al thay th. Khi gp nc, Illite khng b trng n nh montmorillonite. Cc ht st ring bit l do rt nhiu n v khang vt st c s xp chng ln nhau. Do nhng n v ny c kin trc phn lp, cc ht st cui cng cng c dng tm phin vi kch thc b mt ln hn rt nhiu so vi chiu dy. Hu ht cc trm tch st v cc p p bng t st m ta quan tm u bo ha Hon ton hoc mt phn. Hn na, nc l rng li thng cha catin ha tan tch in dng v chng c th tng tc vi b mt tch in m ca cc ht st. Phn t nc xung quanh cc ht st cng c th bin i v tr nn c kin trc v b cc ht st hp th. Cc catin phn b dy c nht xung quanh cc ht st vi mt gim dn khi ra xa. Chng to nn mt lp hay i tch in dng, cng vi b mt tch in m ca ht st to nn lp in kp (Stern, 1924). Bn cht ca lp kp ny nh hng n cu trc ca tp hp cc ht st, v do vy, n cc tnh cht vt l ca t. Cc catin khng dnh vnh vin vo b mt ht st v c th c thay th bng cc catin khc, c bit ti nh l hin tng trao i catin. Th d nh cc catin K c xu hng thay th catin Na. Tc l nu c dung dch KCl d r vo t giu Na th phn ln in Na s b thay th bi in K. Qu trnh ny lm bin i cc tnh cht ca lp kp v do vy, cc tnh cht vt l ca t. 54 ammonium nitrate (AN) thuc n kh nitrat amnium. 55 ammonium nitrate fuel oil mixture (ANFO) hn hp thuc n nitrat amnium vi du t. 59 anchor Neo (neo tng chn t, neo bo v h o) bo v mi dc, chng lt cng trnh dng thp. 60 anchor bolt
bu lng neo, vt neo. 61 anchor plate bn neo. 62 anchor rod thanh neo. 63 anchor wall tng neo. 64 anchorages of rock bolts cng tc khoan bt neo . 66 angle ~ of friction ~ of obliquity ~ of wall friction gc. ~ ma st ~ gc nghing ~ gc ma st gia tng v t (trong tng chn) 67 angle between two specific lines in a plane gc gia hai ng cho trc trong mt phng. 69 angle of incidence gc nghing. Gc nghing ch hng tc dng ca lc ln mt phng ca mng hoc ttng chn t. 71 angle of internal friction
gc ni ma st. Ch tiu nh gi thnh phn ma st cng vi lc dnh th hin cng chu ct ca t nn hoc . 73 angle of penetration Gc xuyn, gc xm nhp. Gc nh nht gia mt mt phng cu trc v mt ct a cht. C th so snh vi gc ln chm trn bn a cht (Knutson, 1958). So snh: angle of departure - gc lch. 74 angle of pitch gc mi dc. 75 angle of reflection gc phn x. 77 angle of repose Gc ngh. Gc dc ln nht c th, do nhng ht vt cht cng tnh cht, ri rc, khng dnh kt, ng to nn vi mt phng nm ngang. Gc ngh hi nh hn so vi gc ti xy ra trt l (gc trt l), v thng nh hn gc ni ma st ca vt cht t 5* n 10*. Gc ngh nhng mi dc t nhin thng thay i trong khong 33* n 37*, rt t khi di 30* v trn 39*. Gc ngh ph thuc vo c tnh ma st ca vt cht, v tng ln cht t khi kch thc v gc cnh ca cc mnh vt cht tng ln. So snh: angle of slide. T ng ngha: angle of rest. 79 angle of rest Gc ngh. Xem: angle of repose. 80 angle of rotation gc xoay. 81 angle of slide gc gy trt.
Gc dc nh nht to vi mt phng nm ngang, ti cc vt cht ri rc (th d t hoc bng tch) bt u trt; N hi ln hn gc ngh mt cht. 82 angle of slope gc mi dc. 83 angle of true internal friction gc ni ma st thc ca t nn hoc . 85 angle of ultimate stability gc n nh ti hn. Gc dc ti hn. 86 angle of wall friction gc ma st gia t v tng chn. 87 angular displacement chuyn v gc. 88 anion annion 89 anisotropic khng ng hng, d hng, khc hng. C c tnh l hc thay i theo hng. Tt c cc loi tinh th u khng ng hng v mt s c tnh, th d : s lan truyn sng m thanh. Tuy nhin tr mt s trng hp c nu r, thut ng ny c lin quan ti nhng c tnh quang hc. Vi ngha , tt c cc loi tinh th, tr nhng tinh th thuc h ng hng , u l d hng. T phn ngha : isotropic. T ng ngha : aeolotrpic 91 anisotropic soils t d hng. t c tnh cht thay i theo cc hng khc nhau
92 anisotropic strength criteria tiu chun sc bn d hng. 93 anisotropy tnh khng ng hng, tnh d hng. iu kin c nhng c tnh khc nhau theo cc hng khc nhau, th d cc tng t truyn dn sng m thanh vi nhng tc khc nhau theo hng dc v hng ngang. 94 anisotropy in the uniaxial compressive strength test tnh d hng trong th nghim nn n trc. C th xc nh tnh bn d hng ca mu t bng th nghim nn n trc vi cc mu li khoan to nhng gc khc nhau i vi mt mt gim yu no , th d mt phn phin, th ch, mt phn lp. Sc bn thng thp nht khi mt gim yu to mt gc khong 30 so vi hng cht ti, v ln nht khi mt gim yu song song, hoc vung gc vi hng cht ti. 95 antiplane components of stress thnh phn ng sut ngoi mt phng (php tuyn vi mt phng). 96 aperture of discontinuities m ca gin on. 97 apparent biu kin. 98 apparent dip hng cm biu kin. 99 apparent friction angle gc ma st biu kin. 100
apparent surface energy nng lng b mt biu kin. 101 applied geology a cht hc ng dng. Mn hc ng dng nhng lnh vc khc nhau ca khoa hc a cht vo cc vn kinh t, cng ngh, cung cp nc hoc mi trng; a cht hc lin quan ti cc hot ng ca con ngi. 102 applied stress ng sut tc dng ng sut pht sinh do lc tc dng vo mt din tch mng hoc tng chn. 105 aquifer tng cha nc. Tng t thm thu truyn dn nc ngm v cung cp nc vi dung lng c ngha kinh t cho cc ngun l v ging. T ng ngha: water horizon, ground water reservoir. 107 aquifer system h thng cha nc. Mt th khng ng nht gm vt liu thm nc xen kp vi vt liu t thm nc, hot ng nh mt n v thy lc sinh nc quy m khu vc. 109 aquifer test th nghim bm ht nc. Th nghim xc nh cc thng s ca tng cha nc bng cch ht ra hoc bm thm vo ging mt lng nc nht nh v o cc thay i mc nc ca tng cha, c trong v sau khi ht ra hoc bm thm vo. 110 aquiferous system h thng cha dn nc. Ton b h thng cha v dn nc gia ca thu nc v tuyn dn nc to bi lp vt liu xp rng, bao gm h thng thu v phn phi nc. T ng ngha: canal system. 112 arch bridge cu vm.
113 arch dam p vm. 114 arch of a roof beam in stratified rock s to vm trn hm o trong phn lp. 115 arch pressure p lc dng hnh cung, p lc tc dng ln mi vm. 116 arching s to vm. Tc ng hnh vng cung. 117 area extraction ratio t s din tch khai thc. S din tch c th khai thc trn tng din tch khu m hoc thn qung. 118 area ratio t s din tch, quan h din tch 119 area ratio of a sampling spoon t s din tch ca dng c ly mu hay ng ly mu. 120 arenaceous mang c tnh ca ct, ht ri. 121 argillaceous t c tnh dnh, t thuc loi st. 123
artesian c p, t lu, ctezi. Tnh t ni v nc ngm b lu gi di p lc thy tnh. T nguyn: ting Php artsien, ca vng "Artois" pha Bc nc Php. 124 artesian aquifer tng nc c p, tng nc ctezi. Xem Confined aquifer. 126 artesian basin lu vc nc c p (t lu, ctezi). Mt khu vc vi a hnh thng, nhng khng phi bao gi cng dng lng cho, vi tng nc t lu (ctezi) c mt chit p cao hn phn thp ca a hnh khu vc. Quy m lu vc c th t vi trm mt vung ti vi trm km vung. So snh: ground water basin. 127 artesian discharge s phun, x nc c p (t lu, ctezi). S phun, x nc t mt ging, ngun l hoc tng cha nc do p lc nc ctezi. 129 artesian head ct nc c p (ctezi). p lc thy tnh ca tng cha nc phun hoc nc c p. 130 artesian leakage s thm r nc c p (ctezi). S thm r chm ca nc t tng cha nc b chn sang cc tng chn. 132 artesian pressure p lc nc t lu (ctezi). p lc thy tnh ca nc t lu (ctezi), thng c biu th bng kg/cm2 ti mt t, hoc bng chiu cao (m) tnh t mt t ca ct nc phun ln do p lc . 134 artesian province vng tnh cha nc c p (t lu, ctezi). Vng c t hp cc iu kin v cu trc, a tng, a hnh v kh hu v.v.., thun li cho s tn ti ca mt hay nhiu tng nc c p. 136 artesian spring
sui, ngun, xut l nc c p (t lu, ctezi). Ngun l nc phun do p lc ctezi, thng qua mt khe nt hoc mt khong h ca tng chn nc pha trn. 138 artesian system h thng nc c p, nc ctezi, nc t lu. a) Cu trc cho php nc lu gi trong mt tng t dng ln trong ging hoc phun ln dc theo khe nt. b) H lin Hon gm ngun nc, tng t cha nc, b chn bi nhng tng t khc c thm thu thp hn nhiu, v mt cu trc qua nc c th ngm vo tng cha nc v b lu gi di p sut ln hn nhiu so vi p sut kh quyn. 140 artesian water nc c p, nc t lu, nc ctezi. Nc ngm b chn gi. 142 artesian well ging phun, ging ctezi. Ging nc ngm b chn gi, c p, phun ln cao hn mc nc ngm nhng khng nht thit ln ti mt t. i khi ch c ngha l ging c dng chy c p (ctezi). T so snh: water table well, non-flowing artesian well. 143 artesian-pressure surface b mt p lc nc t lu (ctezi). B mt chit p trn i bo ha. So snh: normal-pressure surface, subnormal pressure surface. 144 artificially supported mining methods cc phng php khai thc dng tr lc nhn to. 145 asperities nhm. nhm (x x) (ca b mt khe nt). 146 asphalt conrete B tng atphan
147 asphalt stabilization n nh, gia c bng nha ng. 148 at rest pressure p lc t trng thi ngh. 149 atmospheric pressure p lc kh quyn. 151 atomic absorption spectrum ph hp th nguyn t. Ph hp th nhn thy c khi nhng nguyn t khng b kch thch ca mt mu vt bc hi v hp th mt cch c chn lc mt s bc sng no ca nh sng i qua mu vt. 153 attached ground water nc lin kt. Nc ngm b lu gi gia cc vch ca khe nt, l rng i thng kh. C th coi nh nc mng mng, o tnh c dung lng c th. 154 Atterberg limits gii hn Atterberg. Cc gii hn trng thi ca t theo nh ngha ca Atterberg. 155 attrition s bo mn do ma st. 156 auger . auger - type bit. loi mi khoan t dng gung xon. 157 auger-hole method phng php ht nc l khoan xc nh cc c tnh nc ngm.
158 auxiliary rotation s, php quay b sung, ph tr. 160 axial compression nn dc trc. S nn song song vi trc dc ca mu trong th nghim vi mu hnh tr. 161 axial force diagram biu lc dc trc. 162 axial pressure p lc chnh tm. p lc trng vi tm i xng, th d p lc tc dng vo tm ca cc trn. 163 axial strain bin sut (bin dng) dc trc. 164 axial stress ng sut dc trc. 165 axis of rotation trc quay (ca trng ng sut). 166 back analysis of slope failure, shear strength determination by Xc nh sc bn ct bng phn tch ngc s c ph hy mi dc. Do nhng kh khn trong vic xc nh sc bn ct ca cc b mt gim yu hoc ca khi , ng thi, cng do kh khn trong vic p dng cc gi tr sc bn xc nh c trong thit k mi dc, phn tch ngc sau s c ph hy mi dc l mt phng php rt hin thc nhm xc nh sc bn ct ca khi c huy ng ton b ti thi im xy ra ph hy. Phng php ny rt hay c p dng t nhiu chc nm nay trong mi dc t v gp phn ng k tng tin cy trong thit k mi dc t. Phng php ny cng c th p dng tt trong mi dc nu tin hnh cn thn.
167 back analysis, back calculation phn tch ngc, phn tch sau. Phng php xc nh mt hoc vi thng s u vo (ca t, ) da trn c s kt qu (th d xc nh sc bn ca t t mt s c trt l, ph hy). 168 back pressure p lc i khng, p lc ngc chiu. 169 backfill, backfilling ~ applications in open stoping ~ de-watering of ~ for support of mine openings ~ heterogeneity ~ monitoring of pressures in ~ pore-water pressure in ~ properties and placement ~ response to removal of wall support ~ support mechanisms san lp, vt liu san lp. ~ San lp sau khi khai thc l thin. ~ Tho kh, that nc ~ tr lc cho hm l khai thc ~ tnh d hng ca ~ quan trc p lc trong ~ p lc nc l rng trong ~ tnh cht v cung cch ~ phn ng ca, khi tho d tr lc vch ~ c ch tr lc 170 backwater
nc ngc, nc phc hi. Nc c phc hi v khng thay i so vi iu kin ban u 173 ball clay St cc, st hn. Mt loi st rt dnh, i khi chu la, thng cha vt cht hu c, c nhng cht dng lm thuc mu bn la, mu t vng nu ti xanh vi nhng thang bc khc nhau, dng lm cht kt dnh trong sn xut gm s. Pipe clay - st trng mm, c cng cao khi t cng nh khi kh, dng lm nhiu loi thy tinh, c co ngt cao khi nung. S d gi l ball clay v trc kia ngi Anh thng lm thnh cc st nng 13-22 kg (30-50 bng Anh), ng knh khong 25 cm (10 in.). 174 bar (unit of pressure) n v o p lc 175 bar chart biu ngang. 176 barrage p 177 barrels, core ng khoan. Trong khoan cu trc, cn ly c li khoan tt xc nh nhng yu t cu trc. lm c vic , cn s dng ng khoan nhiu (hai hoc ba) lp hoc ng khoan ng knh ln. i vi loi ng khoan nhiu lp, cc ng bn trong c th c thit k (th d gn vng bi) chng khng b xoay trong khi ng ngoi cng xoay cng vi mi khoan. Li khoan s chui vo ng khoan bn trong v do s c bo v, khng b xo ng cho n khi c ly ra ngoi cng vi ng khoan. Ly li khoan ra khi ng khoan l cng on quan trng nht ca qu trnh khoan ly mu. Phng php tt nht l s dng loi ng khoan trong c th tch i c. C th lt mt lp nylon vo ng khoan trong bo v li khoan. 178 barrier pillars tr chn (khai thc m).
179 barton equation of joint wall strength phng trnh Barton v sc bn hai bn thnh khe nt. Do Barton v Choubey (1977) xut t thc nghim m t nh lng c tnh c l khe nt. 181 base friction modeling technique phng php m hnh ha lc ma st b mt ph hy. L m hnh vt l n gin nghin cu hin tng trt lt. Thit b gm b khung vi hai trc xoay lm chuyn ng bng ti cng vi m hnh trt lt t bn trn. Khi chuyn ng, bng ti s tc ng ln y m hnh trt lt mt lc ma st. Mt thanh ngang c nh ngn khng cho m hnh trt lt chuyn ng v lc ma st ni trn s m phng lc trng trng tc dng ln tng khi ca m hnh trt lt. Cc khi ca m hnh c th lm bng g, nha, va hoc vt liu xp. Tuy nhin, k thut ny mi ch c gi tr minh ho ch cha c ng dng nhiu trong k thut mi dc. 182 base level cao y, cao y mng. 183 base line ng c s. c dug theo phng php tam gic nh v. 184 base slab, foundation mng bn. 185 basecourse, base (for roads) lp mng ca nn ng. 186 batter pile cc nghing. 188 beam
dm, dm mng. 189 beam bending test th nghim un dm. Th nghim cht ti, xc nh sc bn un ca dm. Sc bn ko ca cng c th xc nh gin tip t th nghim un dm, s dng h cht ti 3 hoc 4 im. Trong trng hp h cht ti 3 im, khe nt tch xut hin ti im c ng sut ko t gi tr cc i, tc l ngay pha di im cht ti P. im xut hin khe nt cng nh hng pht trin ca n b nh hng bi nhng d thng cc b, th d, ranh gii tinh th, cc vi khe nt v.v... Do vy, ng sut ko ti mt di cng ca dm ch c th xc nh mt cch trung bnh theo cng thc: , vi t l chiu cao dm, b l chiu rng, L l khong cch gia cc im ta. H cht ti 4 im cho kt qu tt hn v ng sut mt di cng ca dm gia hai im cht ti pha trn l khng i. Dm thng b gy khong gia hai im cht ti ny v do vy kt qu t c c tnh i din cao hn so vi h cht ti 3 im. ng sut ko cc i ti mt di cng ca dm c tnh theo cng thc: 191 bearing (direction) chu ti, hng chu ti. 193 bearing capacity
~ allowable ~ correction factors ~ eccentric loads ~ factors ~ footings ~~ on clay ~~ on sand ~~ on silt ~ net ~ of roof and floor rocks ~ piles ~ presumptive ~ settlement ~ ultimate
~ water table effects kh nng, sc chu ti. Sc chu ti cao nht trn mt n v din tch m nn t c th chu c v khng b ph hy. Xem: Ultimate bearing capacity, California bearing ratio (CBR). ~ cho php ~ cc yu t hiu chnh trong tnh ton kh nng, sc chu ti. ~ lch tm ~ cc yu t kh nng, sc chu ti. ~ ca mng ~ ca mng trong t st ~ ca mng trong ct ~ ca mng trong bt, bn ~ thc ~ ca nn v mi vm ~ ca cc ~ gi nh ~ xc nh bng ln ~ gii hn ~ nh hng ca mc nc ngm n kh nng, sc chu ti. 194 bearing pressure p lc chu ti. p lc chu ti n v ca mng di tc ng ca ti trng tc dng. 196 bed, stratum tng, lp, va t . 197 bed, stream , river lng sng, sui. 198 bedded, well, stratified phn tng, tnh phn tng. 199 bedding joint khe nt phn lp.
Khe nt phn lp thng i km trong trm tch, mc d phun tro cng c th c phn lp dng dng chy. im c trng ca chng l nm st v song song vi cc mt phn lp c thnh phn trm tch, mu sc, kin trc, thnh phn khang khc nhau. Thng c lp y bi vt cht st rt d tch ri, lm gim ng k sc khng ct. Do c ngun gc trm tch, chng thng kh lin tc v phng. Lu l mt phn lp khng phi bao gi cng i km vi khe nt phn lp. Khe nt phn lp c th c lp y v hn gn li do qu trnh bin cht. 200 bedding plane
~ criterion for slip on see also discontinuities mt phn lp. B mt phn chia cc trm tch thnh lp, va hoc tng, biu th nhng gin on trong qu trnh trm tch ca khi . Ni chung, mt phn lp l nhng c im cu trc kh lin tc mc du cc loi trm tch gi hoc dng chy vi tc trm tch nhanh c th cha cc mt phn lp xin cho hoc khng chnh hp. ~ tiu chun trt theo Xem gin on 201 bedrock gc, cng. Thc th lin tc, dy nm bn di lp t ph. 202 bench blasting n mn to thm. Phng php n mn to thm trong khai thc l thin. 203 benchmark mc chun. Mc chun so snh cao . 205 bench-mark soil t chun. t i din cho nhiu loi t tng t v c chn do c nhng c im chi tit v ngha lch s, phm vi a l rng hoc c tm quan trng trong vic phn loi t.
206 bending un, s un. S un ca cu kin hoc vt liu di tc dng ca ti trng. 207 bending moment deagram biu mmen un. 208 Beniawski criterion tiu chun sc bn Beniawski. Do Beniawski xut nm 1973 xc nh sc bn ca khi mt cch thc nghim. 209 bentonite st bentonite. Bentonite, va st, dung dch st c dng bo v thnh h khoan. 210 bentonitic clay st bentonit. Loi t c hm lng st montmorilonit cao nn thng c tnh trng n ln . 212 berm b phn p. Khi t p dng tng i trng v n nh ca khu vc t dc theo chn hoc nn ng. 213 bias thin v, thin kin, nh kin. 214 biaxial compression test th nghim nn hai trc. Th nghim nn hai trc c thc hin bng cch tc dng hai lc php tuyn khc nhau ln hai cp mt bn ca mu hnh lp phng, lng tr ch nht hoc dng tm phin. Mt cch khc l to nn trng thi ng sut hai trc ti mt trong ca mu hnh tr rng bng cch cht ti dc trc trong iu kin c p sut cht lng bao quanh tc dng ln mt ngoi ca mu. Khi khng o c ng sut ti thi im xy ra ph hy m phi tnh trn c s l thuyt n hi, c th khng ph hp lm ti thi im t ng sut cc i.
Trong th nghim nn hai trc, qu o ng sut Hon ton nm trong mt phng to nn bi hai trc v ng sut dc theo trc th ba bng khng. Tuy nhin, th nghim nn hai trc thng c tin hnh trong khong bin dng n hi th nghim cc m hnh vt l cho phn tch ng sut quang n hi. Xem uniaxial compression test, triaxial compression test. 215 biaxial stress ~ graphical representation of ng sut hai trc. ~ biu din dng th ca 216 Bieniawskis geomechanical classification scheme h phn loi a c ca Bieniawski. Xem Geomechanic Classification System (RMR). 217 biharmonic equation phng trnh iu ha kp. Phng trnh s dng gii bi ton dch chuyn-ng sut i vi cc hnh dng khai o n gin nh hnh trn, elp v.v..., c th gii bng phng php gii tch trn c s l thuyt n hi. 218 binder cht kt dnh. 219 binder course lp dnh kt, lp trung gian. 221 birdsfoot delta Delta dng chn chim. 222 Bishop's simplified method of slices Phng php lt ct gin lc ca Bishop. S dng trong phn tch n nh mi dc, xc nh h s an ton ca mt mi dc, v tr ca mt trt tim tng v.v.. Phng php ny gi thit mt mt trt dng cung trn, chia khi trt ra thnh nhiu lt, b qua tng tc bn gia cc lt , nhng cho kt qu kh tin cy vi sai s ch trong khong 0-8% so vi cc phng php phc tp khc ca Janbu, Spencer,
Morgenstern v Price v.v.. 223 bit u mi khoan. 225 bitumen bitum, nha ng. 226 bituminous seal vt liu bitum lp nht v lm kn khe nt hoc mi ni. 227 black cotton soil t en. 228 Black powder bt thuc mn en. 229 blanket p t m, p, thm mt lp t mi. 230 blanket (artificial) t m, lp t p c hnh thnh do con ngi to nn 231 blanket (natural) lp t c hnh thnh t nhin do trm tch, lng ng. 232 blast N mn ph hoc khai thc . 233
blasted rock c khai thc do n mn. 234 blasthole L khoan n mn, l mn. 235 blasthole diameter ng knh l mn. Nhn chung, chi ph cho cng tc n mn gim khi ng knh l mn tng ln. Khai thc l thin hin i thng s dng l mn vi ng knh 9-12 in., nhiu khi ti 15-17 in. Song nhiu th nghim ch ra gii hn ca s tng ny. N mn c coi l c hiu qu khi chiu dy lp ph t khong 40 ln ng knh l mn. Do khi ng knh l mn tng ln, chiu dy lp ph s tng dn, t ti chiu cao tng khai thc, qu na th hiu qu n mn s gim xung. Hn na, ng knh l mn tng cng ng thi lm trm trng thm cc vn vng, n kh v dp v t vy quanh. 236 blasthole inclination nghing ca l mn. Trong khai thc l thin vi cc tng khai thc c b mt dc, chiu dy lp ph hu hiu ca hng l mn ngoi cng s thay i nu cc l mn c khoan thng ng. Nhiu thit b khoan ch c th khoan ng, v do vy, cch duy nht t c hiu qu n mn nh nhau l thay i liu thuc np dc chiu su l mn. Nhng ngy nay, ngi ta c xu hng s dng cc l mn nghing, nht l i vi cc hng l mn ngoi cng. Bng cch khoan nghing song song vi b mt thang ca mi dc, c th t c cng mt chiu dy lp ph hu hiu. Nhiu chuyn gia n mn cn cho rng khoan nghing mt gc t 10-30* s lm v tt hn, chuyn dch khi thun li hn v gim bt dp v t do sng xung kch di ngc. 237 blasting ~ burn-cut ~ charge per linear length ~ charging ~ controlled ~ damage caused by, and its control
~ mechanics of
~ production ~ slot and mass method ~ techniques, special, for improving slope stability ~ V-cut n mn. ~ Phng php n mn kiu burn-cut ~ Liu thuc n trn mt n v chiu di ~ Np l mn ~ N mn c kim sot ~ h hi do n mn, v kim sot, khng ch h hi do n mn. Ch yu c 4 dng h hi do n mn l: (1) h hi cu trc, (2) h hi do vng, (3) h hi do n kh, v (4) h hi do ting n. ~ c hc n mn ~ Sn xut, khai thc bng khoan n mn
~ K thut khoan n mn, c bit dng trong n nh mi dc ~ Phng php n mn kiu V-cut 238 bleeder well, relief well ging gim p lc nc, ging tiu nc. Ging gim p lc nc, ging tiu nc, Thng c xy dng bo v h thng iu. 239 block sample mu khi. Mu dng khi c dng th nghim. 240 block size c khi . L ng knh trung bnh ca mt khi i din cho c tp, lp cn phn loi. N c xc nh n gin bng cch quan st mt vt l trn mt t hoc di ng hm, li khoan, ng vn sau n mn hoc sn-l tch. C khi cng c biu th dng cc khong v gi tr in hnh, th d khi c (5-30) 12 cm. Sai s c 10-20% vn c coi l bnh thng v khng cn phi mt qu nhiu thi gian t chnh xc cao hn. 241
block sliding on clay layers khi trt trn cc lp st. 242 block toppling lt khi. (Xem toppling failure) mt dng ph hy mi dc theo kiu lt. Khi b cc h khe nt chia ct thnh cc khi, ct, c xu hng b lt v pha ngoi mi dc v ri xung. lt c chia chi tit hn thnh cc dng ph hy khc nh lt khi, lt un, lt un-khi v lt th sinh. Lt khi c th xy ra khi khi cng b cc h khe nt trc giao chia ct to nn cc ct v khi ring bit. Cc khi ngn to chn mi dc b y v pha trc bi ti trng ca cc khi di hn pha sau. Ph hy do s pht trin dn t chn mi dc ln. 243 block-flexure toppling lt un-khi. Mt dng ph hy mi dc theo kiu lt. Dng ny c trng bi un gi lin tc dc theo cc ct di b nhiu khe nt ngang chia ct. Cc ct b lt trong trng hp ny l do dch chuyn nh dc theo cc khe nt ngang gp li gy ra. Do rt nhiu nhng dch chuyn nh nh vy, lt un-khi c t khe nt tch hn so vi lt un v c t tip xc cnh-mt v khong h hn so vi lt khi. 244 blocky structure kin trc, khi trng. Kin trc, kt cu dng khi. 245 blow count s nht p, tr s N. Khi nim dng trong th nghim xuyn tiu chun SPT. S ln th mt qu t nng 63.5kg (40 bs) t cao 76cm (30") xung u cn khoan ng mu ngp vo t 30cm. Nh vy, t cng yu th N cng nh. 246 blown sand Ct bay. Nh wind sand, aeolian sand 247 body stress ng sut ni ti. ng sut bn trong vt th di tc ng ca ngoi lc.
248 bog m ly, than bn, t rt yu. Xem swamp. 249 boglime, freshwater marl t m ly Lp t yu cha vt liu hu c v st vi 250 boiling of sand, sand boil ct chy, ct si. Do p lc nc ln hn trng lng ht t v gy mt cn bng, hin tng thng xy ra khi o h mng trong t ct hoc vng chn tip gip vi lng xm vo ma nc sng ln. 251 bolt bulng, vt neo Dng neo, gi cht, lm n nh mt khi t hoc . 253 bond Ni, lin kt hai vt th li. 254 bore khoan. Khoan t, v cc vt liu khc. 255 borehole log, drilling log thit l khoan, tr h khoan. Biu mu m t s thay i a tng trong qu trnh khoan vi s m t v chiu su, chiu dy, mu sc, k hiu v c tnh chung nht ca tng lp t . 256 borehole sample mu khoan, nn khoan Mu t, mu ly c t cng tc khoan 257 borehole walls, examination of kim tra vch l khoan.
Cng vi nh hng li khoan, l mt trong nhng k thut o v cc yu t cu trc l khoan ct qua. Vch l khoan c kim tra bng knh tim vng gm mt ng cng gn vi h thu knh v lng knh. u im ca thit b ny l n c nh hng t bn ngoi l khoan. Nhc im l ch c hiu qu ti su khong 30 m. Ngy nay, camera v tuyn ngy cng c s dng nhiu o v l khoan. 258 boreholes, pumping tests in th nghim bm ht nc l khoan. p dng xc nh thm thu ca t . Trong mi trng b nhiu h khe nt chia ct, thm thu c th c tnh d hng cao. Khi phi tin hnh th nghim bm ht nc l khoan xc nh thm thu dc theo hng ca mt h khe nt no . Trong trng hp ny, th nghim bao gm khoan theo hng vung gc vi h khe nt cn xc nh. Sau nt chn hai u ca mt on l khoan v tin hnh bm nc vo hoc ht nc ra t on . Rt nhiu khi cc nt chn t ra qu ngn v r r nc qua chng l mt trong nhng nguyn nhn gy sai s ln nht ca th nghim ny. 259 boring s khoan, cng tc khoan. 260 borrow mn t. Khai thc t khu vc khc lm vt liu san lp hoc p t phc v cho vic xy dng ng , nn nh v cng trnh h tng c s khc. 261 borrow area vng t mn. Din tch khu t mn c th khai thc phc v xy dng 262 borrow pit h o th t mn. H o th nh gi kh nng khai thc t 263 borrow material Vt liu t c vn chuyn n (mn n) san lp v p t 264 boulder
tng ln, qu c. a. Mt khi ring l ln hn mt hn si, ng knh ln hn 256mm (10in. hoc 8 n v phi, hoc tng ng ng knh ca mt qu bng truyn), dng trn trn hoc mo m do va p trn ng vn chuyn; khi d ln nht c cc nh trm tch hc tha nhn. Tng t block. C th xem thm : small boulder, medium boulder, lage boulder, very lage boulder. glacial boulder, boulder of weathering, boulder stone. b. Mt thut ng chung cho bt k khi no qu nng, kh nng ln bng tay.... cng c tn vit l boulder. 265 Boulder Cui tng. a) Mt tng c ng knh ln hn 256 mm (10 in., hoc 8 n v *, tng ng vi kch thc ca mt qu bng chuyn). Dng trn hoc mo do va p trn ng di chuyn; Khi ln nht c cc nh trm tch hc tha nhn. Tng t: block. Xem small boulder, medium boulder, large boulder, very large boulder. b) glacial boulder. c) boulder of withering. d) boulder stone. e) Mt thut ng chung cho bt k khi no qu nng, kh nng ln bng tay. Cng c th vit l bowlder. 266 boulder clay t st c ngun gc bng h. Xem ground moraine, till 267 boulder pavement Lp c kch thc tng i ln, lp ri ng 269 boulder size c cui tng. Thut ng dng trong trm tch hc ch cui tng c ng knh ln hn 256 mm (10 in.). 270 bound water nc lin kt. Nc b gi li trong cc khe nt, l hng ca t . 272 boundary conditions
iu kin bin. 273 boundary curvature, influence on ~ boundary stress cong ca bin. nh hng ca ~ ti ng sut bin 274 boundary element method (BEM) phng php phn t bin. Xem Computational methods of stress analysis. 275 boundary slots cc khe bin. 276 boundary stresses ~ for a circular opening ~ influence of excavation shape on ng sut bin. ~ i vi hm l c tit din trn nh hng ca hnh dng hm l ti ~ 277 boundary zone ~ capillary zone khu vc, i bin Khu vc gii hn vng tn ti p lc mao dn pha trn mc nc ngm 278 boussinesq, area load ~ influence chart ~ pointing load ti trng trn din, xc nh bng phng php Boussinesq ~ Biu nh hng, s dng trong tnh ti bng phng php Boussinesq ~ Ti trng trn im, xc nh bng phng php Boussinesq 279 box shear apparatus thit b ct trc tip. Thit b ct trc tip xc nh sc khng ct ca vt liu..Xem direct shear apparatus. 280 brace
chng ngang Chng h o, tng chn. 281 braced excavations khai o c chng ngang 282 bracing chng ngang Cng tc chng h o, tng chn, cng tc gia cng v ti trng ngang. 283 brays solution for stresses around an elliptical excavation li gii ca Bray v ng sut quanh hm l dng ellip 284 brazilian strength test th nghim cht ti Brazin. Cng ging nh th nghim cht ti im, th nghim cht ti Brazin thuc nhm cc th nghim xc nh sc bn ko ca vt liu mt cch gin tip, trong lc nn p gia cc mi thp to nn mt trng thi kt hp gia nn p v cng gin phn gia ca mu th. Mt khe nt xut hin phn ny s pht trin theo hng song song vi trc cht ti. Mu th thng l cc on li khoan dt hnh a, c cht ti dc theo ng knh ca n. ng knh mu, D, t nht phi t 50 mm, chiu dy mu, t, bng khong mt na ng knh. Dng bng dnh dn quanh chu vi mu to b mt tip xc nhn hn. Tc gia ti thng c ngh t khong 0.2 kN/s, sao cho ph hy xy ra trong vng 15-30 s. Ti trng gy ph hy, P, thng c o t ng. Sc bn ko ca c tnh theo cng thc sau: 285 breach ngt, m mt ng mi. 286 breakage of rock by explosive ph bng cht n. 287 breakwater barrage chn sng
288 bridge cu 289 brittle d v, dn. 290 brittle failure ph hy dn. L qu trnh mt sc bn t ngt dc theo mt b mt no m khng tri qua bin dng do ng k. Ph hy dn thng i km vi hin tng "mm yu dn do bin dng" ca mu . 291 brittle-ductile transition pressure p sut chuyn tip dn-do. p sut bn ti sc bn sau cc i ca mu khng b suy gim na v hnh vi ca n tr nn Hon ton mm do. Mc p sut ny thay i Ty theo loi . 292 Brittleness dn. 293 Buckling of a roof span s gy sp ca mt on mi hm l. 294 Buckling of slabs ph hy tm, lp dng on. C th xy ra cc lp mng dc theo mt gim yu c gc ma st nh, nh cc va than xen kp vi cc lp mylonit c ma st thp. Thng xy ra khi hi mt s iu kin v chiu di, chiu dy v gc dc ca lp. 295 Buffer blasting n mn m. Cng vi pre-splitting (n mn phn ct trc) v smooth-wall blasting (n mn lm nhn
mt), l mt trong nhng bin php n mn c bit nhm lm tng n nh ca mi dc, nht l trong khai thc l thin. Bin php ny c thc hin bng cch tng khong cch gia hng l mn cui cng v ng o (digline). Tng t, c th gim chiu dy lp ph mi l mn, gim khong cch gia cc l mn trong hng v gim liu thuc np. 296 building code, - by - laws quy phm xy dng. Quy trnh, quy phm p dng trong xy dng (Thit k, thi cng, kim tra v nghim thu). 297 building site hin trng xy dng, cng trng. 298 bulb of pressure bong bng p lc. Vng p lc dng bong bng trong khng gian 3 chiu di y mng cng trnh hnh thnh do ngoi lc tc dng. 300 bulk density trng lng n v ca t, th trng Xem nit weight of soil. 301 bulkhead vch ngn, tng chn, quai, k Kt cu hoc tng chn chng p lc nc hoc t. 302 bulkhead (waterfront retaining wall, U.S.) Kt cu chng p lc t v nc cho tng chn 303 bulking (as in bulking factor) s tng th tch, s trng n ca t. 304 Buoyancy hin tng, hiu ng y ni. y ni, lc y ni ca nc theo Archimed. 305
buoyancy unit weight trng lng y ni. Trng lng ring ca t trong nc. 307 Burden lp ph. 308 butt u cc. u cc mng bng b tng, thp, g hoc tre. 309 buttress cng tc gia cng kt cng kt cu hoc h o. 311 buttress dam p tr chng 312 by-pass barrage p trnh quai 313 cable dowel neo cp 314 cable tool drill p khoan cp. 315 cables, ~ support stiffness and support pressure for cp. cng v p sut tr lc ca ~ 317 caisson
ging chm, mng hp, mng ging C ng knh ln c th thi cng bng cng tc khoan hoc cng ngh ging chm hI p. 321 calibration hiu chnh. Hiu chnh thit b th nghim theo mu chun. 323 california Bearing Ratio, CBR h s chu ti California CBR. H s chu ti California (CBR). H s khng xuyn ca t nn trong iu kin t trng v m bit. y l t s gia lc trn n v din tch cn xuyn vo nn t vi lc cn xuyn vo mt cht liu chun (cht liu c bn l nghin), c xc nh trong iu kin chun. Vit tt l CBR. Xem bearing capacity. y l ch s nh gi kh nng chu ti ca vt liu theo tiu chun M, thng c dng nghim thu cng tc thi cng ng. 324 cancellation pressure in flatjack tests p sut kt thc trong th nghim kch phng. 325 cantilever beam dm cng xn. 326 cantilever bridge cu c hng. 327 capacity kh nng, cng sut. 328 capillarity tnh mao dn. Hin tng lu gi, di chuyn ca nc trong cc l hng ca cc ht t bi lc mao dn 329 capillary
mao dn, ng mao dn. ng hoc khe c ca ming nh gi c cht lng nh tnh mao dn, capillarity. 330 capillary attraction lc mao dn. Lc ht gia mt cht lng v mt cht rn trong mao dn. 332 capillary condensation ngng t mao dn. S hnh thnh nhng vng nc dao ng xung quanh cc im tip xc ca ht, v khi cc vng nhng im tip xc cnh nhau ln ha vo nhau, s hnh thnh dy nc cha y trong cc khe nt bao bc xung quanh bi b mt khum li. 334 capillary conductivity tnh dn mao qun, dn mao qun. Kh nng truyn dn ca t khng bo ha i vi nc hoc mt cht lng. Do nhng khe nt ln c ch b khng kh hoc mt loi kh khc chim ch, nc hoc cht lng phi chuyn dch qua nhng im tip xc gia cc ht t, . i vi nc, dn mao dn tng ln vi m, t bng khng khi vt th trng thi kh tuyt i, n mc ti a tng ng vi dn thy lc, hoc h s thm thu. 336 capillary migration di chuyn mao dn. Chuyn ng ca nc do mao dn. T ng ngha: capillary flow, capillary movement. 337 capillary porosity rng mao dn. Th tch khe h trong t c lc mao dn tc dng 339 capillary porosity xp, rng mao dn. rng mao dn. Th tch cc l rng, khe nt trong mt khi t c gi nc do mao dn (Jacks v nnk., 1960). 341 capillary pressure p sut mao dn. Mc chnh p sut giao din gia hai cht lng khng trn ln c vi nhau cng lp y mt khe nt ca mt khi . Mc chnh ny c c do sc cng b mt giao din v
ln ph thuc vo cong ca b mt ny. 342 capillary rise Mc dng nc mao dn. Mc nc dng caoln pha trn mt nc t do di tc dng ca lc mao dn. 344 capillary water nc mao dn. a) Nc b gi li hoc chuyn dch qua nhng khe nt hoc ng c tnh mao dn (thut ng c). T ng ngha: water of capillarity. b) Nc theo ng mao dn. 345 carbonatization carbonat ha. 346 case lp, hp, v bo v 347 case history th d thc tin, trng hp in hnh. 348 casing ng chng. ng chng bo v h o. 349 cast - in - place pile cc ti ch. Cc khoan nhi v b tng ti ch. 350 cast in place concrete B tng ti ch. 351 catchement area lu vc sng. Din tch cung cp nc cho mt con sng. Nh basin.
352 cations catin. 353 cavability , kh nng to hm ch. 354 cave - in ln st, tt. 355 cavern hang, cng trnh ngm dng phng, snh 356 CBR-California Bearing Ratio Ch s chu ti California. L t s biu th bng phn trm gia p lc gy xuyn ngp mt tr xuyn trong t ta xt vi p lc gy xuyn ngp nh th trong vt liu tiu chun. Kch thc tr xuyn, tc v su xuyn c chun ha. Tr xuyn c tit din 3 inch vung (19.35cm2) di khong 20cm, tc xuyn l 0.05 inch/1pht (0.03mm/pht) v cc su xuyn thng dng : 0.5;1.0;2.0...mm v kt thc ti 10mm. 357 cement xi mng, bm pht xi mng, lin kt bng xi mng. 358 cement grout bm pht xi mng. Pht va xi mng hn, trm. 359 cement stabilization gia c, gia cng bng xi mng. 360 cementation
lm cht t nn v c kt t nn bng bin php bm pht va xi mng. 361 cemented sandfill ~ de-watering of ~ transport of Ct san lp c gn kt Tho kh ~ Vn chuyn ~ 362 centre - line trc i xng. 364 centrifuge thit b quay li tm. Quay li tm, th nghim m hnh quay li tm. 365 centroid of a rectangular plate tm ca bn nn ch nht. 366 chainage khong cch n tm trc ta . 367 chalk cliff failures induced by undercutting Vch phn vi b ph hy do phn chn b nc bo xi hm ch. 368 channel knh, mng. 369 characteristic impedance sc khng, tr khng c trng.
370 charge, optimum, in production blasting design liu, lng thuc n. Lng thuc n ti u trong thit k n mn sn xut, khai thc 371 charts ~ circular failure ~ wedge failure biu . ~ ph hy dng cung trn ~ ph hy dng khi nm 372 check dam p iu ha nc, p gi nc Nh weir, control. 373 chemical explosives cht n ha hc. 374 China clay pit slope, circular failure analysis Phn tch ph hy dng cung trn b moong khai thc t st lm s 375 chip mn khoan. 376 chisel u mi khoan dng trepa. Nh chopping bit. 377 Chunam, use of, in slope protection lp btng, va bo v b mt, Chunam. Lp va trt bo v b mt mi dc ct, ngn khng cho nc ngm vo mi dc. Bin php ny rt c hiu qu nu kt hp that nc tt tiu gim p lc nc l rng. 378
churn drill khoan p cp. Nh cable tool drill. 379 circular arc analysis Phn tch cung trt trn trong bi ton n nh mi dc 380 circular excavation ~ elastic zone around ~ fractured annulus around ~ stress and displacement distributions around o hm l tit din trn. o hm l tit din trn i n hi xung quanh ~ i dp v xung quanh ~ Phn b ng sut v chuyn v xung quanh ~ 381 circular failure ~ charts ~ conditions for ph hy dng cung trn Ph hy dng cung trn Biu tnh ~ iu kin ~ 382 circular footing mng trn. 383 circular hole, subject to uniaxial stress h trn chu ng sut dc trc. 384 circumferential displacement chuyn v chu vi. Chuyn v bao quanh. Chuyn v dc theo chu vi ca hm l c tit din trn. 385
classification ~ AASHTO ~ cone penetrometer ~ field ~ grain size ~ unified ~ U.S. Department of Agriculture h, bng phn loi. ~ AASHTO (Xem AASHTO classification) ~ xuyn tnh ~ hin trng ~ ht ~ thng nht ~ ca S Nng nghip M 388 clastic deformation bin dng gy v. Mt dng bin dng do nhit dn n s gy v ca t , lm bn ra cc ht khang vt v mnh vn t . Trong trng hp ti hn, t c th Hon ton b nghin vn trc khi b phun ra ngoi (Tyrrell, 1926). So snh: blastic deformation, plastic deformation. 389 clay t. Mt kt th cc khang vt st kt tinh dng vy rt nh c trng bi cc tnh keo in hnh : do, dnh v kh nng hp ph ion. 390 clay fraction phn ht st. T l phn trm ht st (
