Technische Universität München Institute for Technologies of Biogenous Feedstocks Anaerobic Digestion of Bioorganic Municipal Solid Waste (BMW) Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin Faulstich Dipl.-Ing. Gunther Pesta „Asian-European Environmental Technology & Knowledge Transfer“ 17 th -18 th of March, 2006 Hefei, Anhui Province, China
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Technische Universität MünchenTechnische Universität MünchenInstitute for Technologies of Biogenous Feedstocks
Anaerobic Digestion of Bioorganic Municipal Solid Waste (BMW)
Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Martin FaulstichDipl.-Ing. Gunther Pesta
„Asian-European Environmental Technology & Knowledge Transfer“17th-18th of March, 2006
Hefei, Anhui Province, China
Why Anaerobic Digestion?Why Anaerobic Digestion?
Anaerobic Digestion (AD) is state of the art• Wide range of applications, both agricultural and industrial
AD produces a renewable energy source• Biogas is produced out of biomass (e. g. manure, energy crops)• Biogas is rated as a „non CO2-emitting fuel“• Decentralised energy supply (4 livestock units supply a germanhousehold with electric energy)
AD produces a well balanced liquid fertiliser• Residues of AD offer high fertilising and ground waterprotecting effects
• Reduction of mineral fertilisers (up to 20 kg mineralicammonia per livestock unit and year)
...
Bioorganic Municipal Waste (BMW)Bioorganic Municipal Waste (BMW)
Average composition of organic fraction of municipal solid waste (Bioorganic Municipal solid Waste, BMW) from fruit and vegetable markets in Treviso, Northern Italy
Parameter Unit Average Standard Deviation Max Min
Dry matter (DM) g/kg 81.8 23.9 105.6 67.8
Organic Dry Matter (ODM) g/kg 73.6 10.8 85.9 67.3
Organic Dry Matter (ODM) % DM 90.0 9.6 99.5 81.5
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) g/kg DM 29.6 6.2 35.2 23.9
Phosphorous, total (Ptot)
g/kg DM 8.9 2.3 11.3 7.1
Source: Pavan, 2002
Flow Scheme of an AD-plant Flow Scheme of an AD-plant
BMU, 1999
Fertiliser
Fertiliser storage
Thermal energy
Biogas digester
Mixing tank Manure
Combined heat and power unit
Co-Substrates
Gas storage
Steam
Thermal energy
Electrical energy
Gasflare
PreselectionPretreatment
BMU, 1999
Fertiliser
Fertiliser storage
Thermal energy
Biogas digester
Mixing tank Manure
Combined heat and power unit
Co-Substrates
Gas storage
Steam
Thermal energy
Electrical energy
Gasflare
PreselectionPretreatment
Delivering and UnloadingDelivering and Unloading
Delivering in special trucks and transport facilities
• Sanitising by rinsing of tires when entering the plant
• Sanitising the equipment after unloading (outside and inside)
=> transfer of pathogens
Unloading within enclosed buildings
• Constant under-pressure by exhausting air
• Exhausted air should be cleaned by biofilters
=> transfer of microorganisms
=> odour emissions
Delivering and UnloadingDelivering and Unloading
Delivering and UnloadingDelivering and Unloading
Flow Scheme of an AD-plant Flow Scheme of an AD-plant
BMU, 1999
Fertiliser
Fertiliser storage
Thermal energy
Biogas digester
Mixing tank Manure
Combined heat and power unit
Co-Substrates
Gas storage
Steam
Thermal energy
Electrical energy
Gasflare
PreselectionPretreatment
BMU, 1999
Fertiliser
Fertiliser storage
Thermal energy
Biogas digester
Mixing tank Manure
Combined heat and power unit
Co-Substrates
Gas storage
Steam
Thermal energy
Electrical energy
Gasflare
PreselectionPretreatment
Pretreatment and preparationPretreatment and preparation
Pretreatment and preparationPretreatment and preparation
Mechanical pretreatment• Seperation by drum screens, vibration screens,magnetic seperators
• Manual selection belt• Shredding
Source: Linde KCA
Pretreatment and preparationPretreatment and preparation
Pretreatment and preparationPretreatment and preparation
Mechanical pretreatment• Seperation by drum screens, vibration screens,magnetic seperators
• Manual selection belt• Shredding of MSW
Mashing/pulping with process water• Non-organic fraction can be seperated(i. e. mineralic components, glass, batteries)• Shearing forces help to disintegrate substratedown to fibre size
Forming of a homogenius digestable slurry Source: Linde KCA
Hygienisation of Co-SubstratesHygienisation of Co-Substrates
Legislative regulations demand hygienic pretreatinge. g. kitchenwaste, food-leftovers, slaughterhousewastes category 2 and 3,leftovers from fishindustry, slaughterhouse wastewaters
Sterilisation pressure 2 bartemperature 121 °Cduration 20 min
Hygienisationtemperature 70-90 °Cduration 15-60 min
Sanitationheat treatment of lower temperature over an extendedtime periode
Flow Scheme of an AD-plant Flow Scheme of an AD-plant
BMU, 1999
Fertiliser
Fertiliser storage
Thermal energy
Biogas digester
Mixing tank Manure
Combined heat and power unit
Co-Substrates
Gas storage
Steam
Thermal energy
Electrical energy
Gasflare
PreselectionPretreatment
Digestersystems for MSW-TreatmentDigestersystems for MSW-Treatment