TSW: 1. explore how the church influenced life in Medieval Europe 2. Describe how common law affected political developments in England. Please write these.

TSW: 1. explore how the church TSW: 1. explore how the church influenced life in Medieval Europeinfluenced life in Medieval Europe

2.2. Describe how common law affected Describe how common law affected political developments in England.political developments in England.

Please write these words down on your Please write these words down on your new vocabulary sheet:new vocabulary sheet:

ClergyClergyLay InvestitureLay InvestitureTitheTitheCrusadeCrusadeGuildGuild

The Church and the The Church and the CrusadesCrusades

The Age of FaithThe Age of Faith

The Church Wields The Church Wields PowerPower The Church shaped the lives of The Church shaped the lives of

people from all social classespeople from all social classes The Church came into conflict The Church came into conflict

with local emperorswith local emperors

Pope

Cardinals

Bishops

Priests

Church Clergy

Religion Unifies the Religion Unifies the PeoplePeople The path to salvation was through the The path to salvation was through the

sacraments (done in Latin)sacraments (done in Latin)

Canon Law – law of the church – it was Canon Law – law of the church – it was to keep kings in line (threatened them)to keep kings in line (threatened them)– ExcommunicationExcommunication– InterdictInterdict

Kings countered the Pope’s authority Kings countered the Pope’s authority with Lay Investiturewith Lay Investiture

Church Reform and the Church Reform and the CrusadesCrusades

Problems in the Problems in the ChurchChurch Problem 1Problem 1

– Village priests were marrying and Village priests were marrying and having familieshaving families

Problem 2Problem 2– Positions in the Church were sold by Positions in the Church were sold by

bishops (Simony)bishops (Simony) Problem 3Problem 3

– Lay Investiture was still a problemLay Investiture was still a problem

TithingTithing

The Church collected taxes in the The Church collected taxes in the form of tithes.form of tithes.

The Church performed services The Church performed services such as caring for the sick and such as caring for the sick and poor. Most hospitals were cared poor. Most hospitals were cared for by the Church.for by the Church.

St. Francis of AssisiSt. Francis of Assisi

Son of a rich merchantSon of a rich merchant The Franciscan friars treated all The Franciscan friars treated all

creatures as if they were spiritual creatures as if they were spiritual brothers and sisters. brothers and sisters.

Friar – similar to monks, but did Friar – similar to monks, but did not live apart from the world. not live apart from the world. They met their needs by begging.They met their needs by begging.

Gothic ArchitectureGothic Architecture

Stained GlassStained Glass

CrusadesCrusadesCome then, with all your people and give battle Come then, with all your people and give battle

with all your strength, so that all this treasure with all your strength, so that all this treasure shall not fall into the hands of the Turks… shall not fall into the hands of the Turks… Therefore, act while there is still time lest the Therefore, act while there is still time lest the kingdom of the Christians shall vanish from kingdom of the Christians shall vanish from your sight and, what is more important, the your sight and, what is more important, the Holy Sepulchre (the tomb where Jesus was Holy Sepulchre (the tomb where Jesus was buried) shall vanish. And in your coming you buried) shall vanish. And in your coming you will find your reward in heaven, and if you do will find your reward in heaven, and if you do not come, God will condemn you.not come, God will condemn you.

Emperor Alexius Comnenus Emperor Alexius Comnenus (Constantinople)(Constantinople)

Urban II called for war in 1095. The wars Urban II called for war in 1095. The wars lasted from 1096-1204lasted from 1096-1204

The CrusadesThe Crusades

First CrusadeFirst Crusade

Christians captured Jerusalem for a Christians captured Jerusalem for a short time.short time.

Second CrusadeSecond Crusade

Muslims under Saladin recapture Muslims under Saladin recapture Jerusalem in the Second Crusade.Jerusalem in the Second Crusade.

JerusalemJerusalem

SaladinSaladin

Third CrusadeThird Crusade The Crusade of kingsThe Crusade of kings

– German Emperor – BarbarossaGerman Emperor – Barbarossa– England King – Richard the Lion HeartedEngland King – Richard the Lion Hearted– French King – Philip AugustusFrench King – Philip Augustus

Barbarossa drowns on the journey and Barbarossa drowns on the journey and Philip goes home leaving Richard to carry Philip goes home leaving Richard to carry the fight.the fight.

They agree to a truce in 1192 leaving They agree to a truce in 1192 leaving Jerusalem under Muslim control, but Jerusalem under Muslim control, but unarmed Christians can freely visit the unarmed Christians can freely visit the city’s holy places.city’s holy places.

Richard the Lion Richard the Lion HeartedHearted

A Spanish CrusadeA Spanish Crusade

Muslims are to be kicked out of Muslims are to be kicked out of Spain – this is called Spain – this is called ReconquistaReconquista

In the late 1400’s, Isabella and In the late 1400’s, Isabella and Ferdinand made use of the Ferdinand made use of the Inquisition.Inquisition.

Those who committed heresy Those who committed heresy would be questioned and tortured would be questioned and tortured until they confesseduntil they confessed

Trade, Towns, and Financial Trade, Towns, and Financial RevolutionRevolution

Vocabulary to KnowVocabulary to Know

Three-field systemThree-field system GuildGuild BurgherBurgher VernacularVernacular Dante AlighieriDante Alighieri Geofery ChaucerGeofery Chaucer Thomas AquinasThomas Aquinas Scholastics Scholastics

Trade and Trade and BusinessBusiness

AgricultureAgriculture

Harness allows horses to plow rather Harness allows horses to plow rather than slow oxenthan slow oxen

Three-field system – farmers could Three-field system – farmers could grow crops on 2/3 of their land each grow crops on 2/3 of their land each yearyear

Results Results – More food for all!!!More food for all!!!– Better resistance against diseaseBetter resistance against disease– Everyone begins living longerEveryone begins living longer

Trade and FinanceTrade and Finance Guild – Association of people that Guild – Association of people that

worked at the same occupationworked at the same occupation

Finance – the Church would lend Finance – the Church would lend money to Christians to pay debts money to Christians to pay debts (Usury) but would not charge interest(Usury) but would not charge interest

Apprentice

Journeyman

Master

Jews become bankersJews become bankers

Jews which lived on the fringes of Jews which lived on the fringes of society weren’t allowed to do any society weren’t allowed to do any jobs, so they went into banking jobs, so they went into banking and charged interest.and charged interest.

BurghersBurghers

People who lived in towns were People who lived in towns were known as Burghers. These people known as Burghers. These people were outside of the rungs of were outside of the rungs of feudal society. They were mostly feudal society. They were mostly merchants and had a voice in merchants and had a voice in running towns.running towns.

ScholasticsScholastics Revival of Learning – universities are Revival of Learning – universities are

establishedestablished They are led by schoolmen known as They are led by schoolmen known as

Scholastics (the beginning of present day Scholastics (the beginning of present day professors)professors)– Thomas AquinasThomas Aquinas

Literature – Authors used the vernacular Literature – Authors used the vernacular (common language).(common language).

Dante Alighieri – writes the Divine Comedy Dante Alighieri – writes the Divine Comedy in 1321 in Italian.in 1321 in Italian.

Geofery Chaucer wrote the Canterbury Geofery Chaucer wrote the Canterbury Tales about 1390 in english.Tales about 1390 in english.

Geofery Geofery ChaucerChaucer

England and France England and France DevelopDevelop Norman Conquest – The invader was Norman Conquest – The invader was

William, duke of Normandy (William William, duke of Normandy (William the Conqueror)the Conqueror)

William claimed the English Crown and William claimed the English Crown and invaded England with a Norman army. invaded England with a Norman army.

He was ambitious, tough, and He was ambitious, tough, and imposing.imposing.

Rival – Harold Godwinson (Anglo-Rival – Harold Godwinson (Anglo-Saxon who claimed the throne)Saxon who claimed the throne)

Battle of HastingsBattle of Hastings

October 14, 1066October 14, 1066 Normans and Saxons fought the battle Normans and Saxons fought the battle

that changed the course of English historythat changed the course of English history After Harold was killed by an arrow in his After Harold was killed by an arrow in his

eye, the Normans won a decisive victory.eye, the Normans won a decisive victory.

William declared England his personal William declared England his personal property. English lords who supported property. English lords who supported Harold lost their lands.Harold lost their lands.

Magna CartaMagna Carta

June 15, 1215June 15, 1215 Nobles forced King John to agree Nobles forced King John to agree

to the Great Charter. to the Great Charter. Guaranteed basic political rights – Guaranteed basic political rights –

they wanted to safeguard their they wanted to safeguard their own rights and limit the king’s own rights and limit the king’s powers.powers.

ParliamentParliament In 1295, Edward needed to raise taxes In 1295, Edward needed to raise taxes

for a war against the French.for a war against the French. Edward got two burgesses (wealthy Edward got two burgesses (wealthy

citizens) and two nights from every citizens) and two nights from every county to serve as this legislative group.county to serve as this legislative group.

Model Parliament – commoners, and Model Parliament – commoners, and lords served as a model for later kings. lords served as a model for later kings. They were called when a new tax was They were called when a new tax was needed.needed.

A Century of TurmoilA Century of Turmoil

Great SchismGreat Schism This was a split in the ChurchThis was a split in the Church Two pope’s had been selected (Pope Urban Two pope’s had been selected (Pope Urban

VI and Clement VII) One was French, one VI and Clement VII) One was French, one Italian.Italian.

Each of these popes declared the other to Each of these popes declared the other to be a false pope, excommunicating his rival.be a false pope, excommunicating his rival.

Council of Constance chose a new pope. At Council of Constance chose a new pope. At this point there were 3. All 2 popes were this point there were 3. All 2 popes were forced to resign by the Holy Roman forced to resign by the Holy Roman Emperor and they chose a new one, Martin Emperor and they chose a new one, Martin V.V.

John WycliffeJohn Wycliffe Preached that Jesus Christ was the Preached that Jesus Christ was the

head of the Church, not the pope.head of the Church, not the pope. Said the Bible alone – not the pope – Said the Bible alone – not the pope –

was the final authority for Christian life.was the final authority for Christian life. Jan Hus, a Bohemian professor, taught Jan Hus, a Bohemian professor, taught

the authority of the Bible was higher the authority of the Bible was higher than that of the pope, getting him than that of the pope, getting him excommunicated in 1412. he was later excommunicated in 1412. he was later called to council, seized, tried as a called to council, seized, tried as a heretic, and burned at the stake.heretic, and burned at the stake.

Black Death – Bubonic Black Death – Bubonic PlaguePlague 1/3 of the population in Europe died of 1/3 of the population in Europe died of

this deadly disease.this deadly disease. The plague began in Asia. Traveling in The plague began in Asia. Traveling in

trade lanes, it infected most of Asia trade lanes, it infected most of Asia and the Muslim world. It reached and the Muslim world. It reached Europe through cargo. It left purplish Europe through cargo. It left purplish or blackish spots produced on the skin.or blackish spots produced on the skin.

Came to Europe through Italy and Came to Europe through Italy and spread throughout the rest of the spread throughout the rest of the continentcontinent

Black DeathBlack Death

What to doWhat to do People look for a scapegoat and found People look for a scapegoat and found

one in the Jews. They were blamed one in the Jews. They were blamed for poisoning the wells. They were for poisoning the wells. They were massacred because of this. It took 25 massacred because of this. It took 25 million European lives and more million European lives and more millions in Asia and North Africa.millions in Asia and North Africa.

The plague was actually cared by The plague was actually cared by fleas. People did not bathe – and fleas. People did not bathe – and almost all had fleas and lice. These almost all had fleas and lice. These unsanitary streets became breeding unsanitary streets became breeding grounds for more rats.grounds for more rats.

Effects of the PlagueEffects of the Plague

Town populations fell. Trade declined. Town populations fell. Trade declined. Prices rose.Prices rose.

Serfs had been unpaid and left the manor Serfs had been unpaid and left the manor in search of better wages. Manorial in search of better wages. Manorial systems crumbled. systems crumbled.

The Church suffered a loss of prestige The Church suffered a loss of prestige when its prayers and penances failed to when its prayers and penances failed to stop the onslaught of the plague. They stop the onslaught of the plague. They charged high fees for services for the charged high fees for services for the dying.dying.

100 years War100 years War

Between France and EnglandBetween France and England The right to the French throne is The right to the French throne is

debated.debated. They drove the French out of They drove the French out of

France entirelyFrance entirely Battle of Crecy – English made use Battle of Crecy – English made use

of the longbow and slaughtered of the longbow and slaughtered the French knights.the French knights.

Joan of ArcJoan of Arc

French peasant girlFrench peasant girl Rallied the French troops to victoryRallied the French troops to victory Captured and condemned as a witch Captured and condemned as a witch

and burned at the stake in 1431.and burned at the stake in 1431. Impact of the war – feeling of Impact of the war – feeling of

nationalism and the king becomes a nationalism and the king becomes a national leader.national leader.

Joan of ArcJoan of Arc

False PeaceFalse Peace

Burn HerBurn Her

The End The End