ts305

RULES FORCLASSIFICATION OF

DET NORSKE VERITAS

Veritasveien 1, N-1322 Høvik, Norway Tel.: +47 67 57 99 00 Fax: +47 67 57 99 11

SHIPS

NEWBUILDINGS

HULL AND EQUIPMENTMAIN CLASS

PART 3 CHAPTER 5

LOAD LINEJANUARY 2001

CONTENTS PAGE

Sec. 1 General Requirements ................................................................................................................ 5Sec. 2 Conditions of Assignment of Freeboard ................................................................................. 10Sec. 3 Freeboard.................................................................................................................................. 11Sec. 4 Special Requirements for Ships Assigned Timber Freeboards ................................................ 25Sec. 5 Zones, Areas and Seasonal Periods ......................................................................................... 27

INTRODUCTION

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General The present edition of the rules is a reprint and it includes amend-ments and additions decided by the board in June 2000 and supersedesthe January 1992 edition of the same chapter.

The most recent amendments to the rules came into force 3 February2000.

This chapter is valid until superseded by a revised chapter. Suple-ments will not be issued except for minor amendments and an updatedlist of corrections will be presented in Pt.0 Ch.1 Sec.3. Pt.0 Ch.1 isnormally revised in January and July each year.

Revised chapters will be forwarded to all the subscribers of the rules.Buyers of reprints are advised to check the updated list of rule chap-ters printed in Pt.0 Ch.1 Sec.1. to ensure that the chapter is current.

Corrections and Clarifications

In addition to the above stated rule amendments, some detected errorshave been corrected, and some clarifications have been made in theexisting rule wording.

Rules for Ships, January 2001Pt.3 Ch.5 Contents – Page 3

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CONTENTS

SEC. 1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ........................... 5

A. Classification..........................................................................5A 100 Application........................................................................5

B. Documentation ......................................................................5B 100 Freeboard plan...................................................................5

C. Application.............................................................................5C 100 Regulation 2 ......................................................................5C 200 Freeboards greater than minimum ....................................5

D. Definitions of terms...............................................................6D 100 Regulation 3 ......................................................................6D 200 Discontinuous freeboard deck,

stepped freeboard deck .....................................................7D 300 Thickness of sheathing......................................................7D 400 Moonpools ........................................................................7D 500 Lower freeboard deck .......................................................7D 600 Bridge or poop ..................................................................7

E. Load Line Marking...............................................................8E 100 Deck line (Regulation 4) ...................................................8E 200 Load line mark (Regulation 5) ..........................................8E 300 Lines to be used with the load line mark.

(Regulation 6) ..................................................................8E 400 Mark of assigning authority. (Regulation 7)....................9E 500 Details of marking. (Regulation 8) ..................................9E 600 Verification of marks. (Regulation 9) ..............................9E 700 Assigning, marking and recording of subdivision

load lines for passenger ships (SOLAS Reg. II-1/13).......9

SEC. 2 CONDITIONS OF ASSIGNMENT OFFREEBOARD ..................................................... 10

A. Information to be Supplied to the Master .......................10A 100 Information to be supplied to the master

(Regulation 10) ...............................................................10

B. Conditions concerning Strength and Arrangement.........10B 100 General ............................................................................10

SEC. 3 FREEBOARD...................................................... 11

A. Types of Ships......................................................................11A 100 Regulation 27 ..................................................................11A 200 Hatch covers....................................................................13A 300 Freeing ports for type B-60.............................................13A 400 Deck cargo barges...........................................................13A 500 Access openings on barges .............................................13

B. Freeboard Tables ................................................................13B 100 Regulation 28 ..................................................................13B 200 Ship length above 365 m.................................................18

C. Correction to the Freeboard for Ships under100 m in length ....................................................................18

C 100 Regulation 29 ..................................................................18C 200 Interpretation...................................................................19

D. Correction for Block Coefficient .......................................19D 100 Regulation 30 ..................................................................19

E. Correction for Depth ..........................................................19E 100 Regulation 31 ..................................................................19E 200 Interpretation...................................................................19

F. Correction for Position of Deck Line ................................19F 100 Regulation 32 ..................................................................19

G. Standard Height of Superstructure...................................19G 100 Regulation 33 ..................................................................19

H. Length of Superstructure ..................................................19H 100 Regulation 34 ..................................................................19H 200 Superstructure recess and extension. ..............................19H 300 Sloping end bulkheads ....................................................19

I. Effective Length of Superstructure .................................. 20I 100 Regulation 35 ..................................................................20I 200 Interpretations .................................................................20

J. Trunks ................................................................................. 20J 100 Regulation 36 ..................................................................20J 200 Freeing ports ...................................................................21J 300 Trunk height....................................................................21J 400 Continuous hatchways ....................................................21J 500 Openings in bulkheads....................................................21

K. Deduction for Superstructures and Trunks .................... 21K 100 Regulation 37 ..................................................................21K 200 Interpretations .................................................................21

L. Sheer .................................................................................... 22L 100 Regulation 38 ..................................................................22L 200 Superimposed and enclosed poop or forecastle ..............22L 300 Raised quarter deck.........................................................23L 400 Sloping ends....................................................................23L 500 Height of superstructure..................................................23L 600 Length of trunk ...............................................................23

M. Minimum Bow Height ....................................................... 23M 100 Regulation 39 ..................................................................23M 200 Interpretations .................................................................23

N. Minimum Freeboard.......................................................... 24N 100 Regulation 40 ..................................................................24

SEC. 4 SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SHIPSASSIGNED TIMBER FREEBOARDS ............. 25

A. Application.......................................................................... 25A 100 Regulation 41 ..................................................................25

B. Definitions ........................................................................... 25B 100 Regulation 42 ..................................................................25

C. Construction of Ship .......................................................... 25C 100 Regulation 43 ..................................................................25

D. Stowage................................................................................ 25D 100 Regulation 44 ..................................................................25

E. Computation of Freeboard................................................ 26E 100 Regulation 45 ..................................................................26E 200 Interpretations .................................................................26

SEC. 5 ZONES, AREAS AND SEASONALPERIODS ............................................................ 27

A. Zones, Areas and Seasonal Periods .................................. 27A 100 General ............................................................................27

B. Northern Winter Seasonal Zones and Area..................... 27B 100 Regulation 46 ..................................................................27

C. Southern Winter Seasonal Zone ....................................... 27C 100 Regulation 47 ..................................................................27

D. Tropical Zone ..................................................................... 27D 100 Regulation 48 ..................................................................27

E. Seasonal Tropical Areas .................................................... 28E 100 Regulation 49 ..................................................................28

F. Summer Zones.................................................................... 29F 100 Regulation 50 ..................................................................29

G. Enclosed Sea ....................................................................... 29G 100 Regulation 51 ..................................................................29

H. The Winter North Atlantic Load Line ............................. 29H 100 Regulation 52 ..................................................................29

Rules for Ships, January 2001Pt.3 Ch.5 Contents – Page 4

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I. Corrections to the chart ..................................................... 29I 100 General ............................................................................29

Rules for Ships, January 2001Pt.3 Ch.5 Sec.1 – Page 5

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SECTION 1GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

A. Classification

A 100 Application

101 The rules in this chapter apply to all ships above 24 m inlength, except for ships of war, pleasure yachts not engaged intrade and fishing vessels.

102 The requirements are in compliance with the Protocol of1988 relating to the International Convention on Load Lines1966 (ICLL).

103 Text from the ICLL is printed in Italics.

104 Where any regulation refers to "the satisfaction of theAdministration", DNV's or IACS interpretations are given inconnection with the item in question.

105 If any parts of these rules are subject to discussion ormisunderstanding the ICLL text shall apply.

B. Documentation

B 100 Freeboard plan

101 A freeboard plan covering the arrangement and designof the following items treated in this chapter are to be submit-ted for approval:

— doors— side scuttles and windows— hatches— ventilators— air pipes— scuppers, sanitary discharges and garbage chutes— sea inlets and outlets in connection with unmanned ma-

chinery space— freeing arrangements— guard rails and bulwarks— gangway, passageway, under deck passage and life line— timber deck cargo fittings— doors in side shell, bow and stern.

C. Application

C 100 Regulation 2

1) Ships with mechanical means of propulsion or lighters,barges or other ships without independent means of pro-pulsion, shall be assigned freeboards in accordance withthe provisions of Regulations 1-40 (Sec.1-3) inclusive ofthis Annex.

2) Ships carrying timber deck cargoes may be assigned, inaddition to the freeboards prescribed in paragraph (1) ofthis Regulation, timber freeboards in accordance with theprovisions of Regulations 41-45 (Sec.4) inclusive of thisAnnex.

3) Ships designed to carry sail, whether as the sole means ofpropulsion or as a supplementary means, and tugs, shallbe assigned freeboards in accordance with the provisionsof Regulations 1-40 (Sec.1-3) inclusive of this Annex. Suchadditional freeboard shall be required as determined by theAdministration (see C201).

4) Ships of wood or of composite construction, or of other ma-terials the use of which the Administration has approved, orships whose constructional features are such as to renderthe application of the provisions of this Annex unreasona-ble or impracticable shall be assigned freeboards as deter-mined by the Administration (see C202).

5) Regulations 10-26 (Sec.2) inclusive of this Annex shall ap-ply to every ship to which a minimum freeboard is as-signed. Relaxations from these requirements may begranted to a ship to which a greater than minimum free-board is assigned on condition that the Administration issatisfied with the safety conditions provided (see C201).

(6) Regulation 22(2) (Ch.1 Sec.11 K101 or Ch.2 Sec.11 K101 asappropriate) and regulation 27 (Sec.3 A100) shall apply onlyto ships the keels of which are laid or which are at a similarstage of construction on or after the date on which the Pro-tocol of 1988 relating to the International Convention onLoad Lines, 1966 enters into force.

Guidance note:The Protocol is in force from 3 February 2000.

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(7) New ships, other than those specified in paragraph (6),shall comply either with regulation 27 (Sec.3 A100) of thepresent Convention (as amended) or with regulation 27(Rules for Classification of Ships Pt.3 Ch.5 Sec.3 A100,January 1992) of the International Convention on LoadLines, 1966 (as adopted on 5 April 1966), as determined bythe Administration.

C 200 Freeboards greater than minimum

201 Where freeboards are required to be increased, becauseof such consideration as strength (Regulation 1), location ofshell doors (Regulation 21) or side scuttles (Regulation 23) orother reasons, then:

a) The height of:

doors sills (Regulation 12)

hatchway coamings (Regulation 15(1))

sills of machinery space openings (Regulation 17)

miscellaneous openings (Regulation 18)

ventilators (Regulations 19)

air pipes (Regulation 20)

b) the scantlings of hatch covers (Regulation 15 and 16)

c) freeing arrangements (Regulation 24) and means for pro-tection of crew (Regulation 25)

(For all Regulations referred to above, see Ch.1 Sec.10 and11)

d) windows and side scuttles.

on the actual freeboard deck may be as required for a super-structure deck, provided the summer freeboard is such that theresulting draught will not be greater than that corresponding tothe minimum freeboard calculated from an assumed freeboarddeck situated at a distance equal to a standard superstructureheight below the actual freeboard deck. Similar considerationsmay be given in cases of draught limitation on account of bowheight (Regulation 39 Sec.3 M100).

(IACS LL51 to Reg. 2.5)

202 Freeboards for sailing vessels and wooden vessels willbe assigned in each case.


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D. Definitions of terms

D 100 Regulation 3

1) Length. The length (L) shall be taken as 96% of the totallength on a waterline at 85% of the least moulded depthmeasured from the top of the keel, or as the length from thefore-side of the stem to the axis of the rudder stock on thatwaterline, if that be greater. Where the stem contour is con-cave above the waterline at 85% of the least mouldeddepth, both the forward terminal of the total length and thefore-side of the stem respectively shall be taken at the ver-tical projection to that waterline of the after most point of thestem contour (above that waterline). In ships designedwitha rake of keel the waterline on which this length is meas-ured shall be parallel to the designed waterline.

2) Perpendiculars. The forward and after perpendiculars shallbe taken at the forward and after ends of the length (L). Theforward perpendicular shall coincide with the foreside ofthe stem on the waterline on which the length is measured.

3) Amidships. Amidships is at the middle of the length (L).

4) Breadth. Unless expressly provided otherwise, the breadth(B) is the maximum breadth of the ship, measured amid-ships to the moulded line of the frame in a ship with a metalshell and to the outer surface of the hull in a ship with ashell of any other material.

5) Moulded Depth

a) The moulded depth is the vertical distance measuredfrom the top of the keel to the top of the freeboard deckbeam at side. In wood and composite ships the dis-tance is measured from the lower edge of the keel rab-bet. Where the form at the lower part of the midshipsection is of a hollow character, or where thick gar-boards are fitted, the distance is measured from thepoint where the line of the flat of the bottom continuedinwards cuts the side of the keel.

b) In ships having rounded gunwales, the moulded depthshall be measured to the point of intersection of themoulded lines of deck and sides, the lines extendingas though the gunwale were of angular design.

c) Where the freeboard deck is stepped and the raisedpart of the deck extends over the point at which themoulded depth is to be determined, the moulded depthshall be measured to a line of reference extendingfrom the lower part of the deck along a line parallel withthe raised part.

6) Depth for Freeboard (D)

a) The depth for freeboard (D) is the moulded depthamidships, plus the thickness of the freeboard deckstringer plate, where fitted,

if the exposed freeboard deck is sheathed,whereT is the mean thickness of the exposed sheathingclear of deck openings, andS is the total length of superstructures as defined insub-paragraph (10)(d) of this Regulation.

b) The depth for freeboard (D) in a ship having a roundedgunwale with a radius greater than 4 per cent of thebreadth (B) or having topsides of unusual form is thedepth for freeboard of a ship having a midship sectionwith vertical topsides and with the same round of beamand area of topside section equal to that provided bythe actual midship section.

7) Block Coefficient. The block coefficient (Cb) is given by:

∇ = the volume of the moulded displacement of theship, excluding bossing, in a ship with a metal shell,and is the volume of displacement to the outer sur-face of the hull in a ship with a shell of any other ma-terial, both taken at a moulded draught of d1; andwhere

d1 = 85% of the least moulded depth.

8) Freeboard. The freeboard assigned is the distance meas-ured vertically downwards amidships from the upper edgeof the deck line to the upper edge of the related load line.

9) Freeboard Deck. The freeboard deck is normally the up-permost complete deck exposed to weather and sea,which has permanent means of closing all openings in theweather part thereof, and below which all openings in thesides of the ship are fitted with permanent means of water-tight closing. In a ship having a discontinuous freeboarddeck, the lowest line of the exposed deck and the continu-ation of that line parallel to the upper part of the deck is tak-en as the freeboard deck. At the option of the owner andsubject to the approval of the Administration, a lower deckmay be designated as the freeboard deck provided it is acomplete and permanent deck continuous in a fore and aftdirection at least between the machinery space and peakbulkheads and continuous athwartships. When this lowerdeck is stepped the lowest line of the deck and the contin-uation of that line parallel to the upper part of the deck istaken as the freeboard deck. When a lower deck is desig-nated as the freeboard deck, that part of the hull which ex-tends above the freeboard deck is treated as asuperstructure so far as concerns the application of theconditions of assignment and the calculation of freeboard.It is from this deck that the freeboard is calculated.

10) Superstructure

a) A superstructure is a decked structure on the free-board deck, extending from side to side of the ship orwith the side plating not being inboard of the shell plat-ing more than 4 per cent of the breadth (B). A raisedquarter deck is regarded as a superstructure.

b) An enclosed superstructure is a superstructure with:(i) enclosing bulkheads of efficient construction;(ii) access openings, if any, in these bulkheads fittedwith doors complying with the requirements of Regula-tion 12;(iii) all other openings in sides or ends of the super-structure fitted with efficient weathertight means ofclosing.A bridge or poop shall not be regarded as enclosed un-less access is provided for the crew to reach machin-ery and other working spaces inside thesesuperstructures by alternative means which are avail-able at all times when bulkhead openings are closed.

c) The height of a superstructure is the least verticalheight measured at side from the top of the superstruc-ture deck beams to the top of the freeboard deckbeams.

d) The length of a superstructure (S) is the mean lengthof the part of the superstructure which lies within thelength (L).

11) Flush Deck Ship. A flush deck ship is one which has no su-perstructure on the freeboard deck.

12) Weathertight. Weathertight means that in any sea condi-tions water will not penetrate into the ship.

D 200 Discontinuous freeboard deck, stepped freeboarddeck201 Where a step exists in the freeboard deck, creating a dis-continuity extending over the full breadth of the ship, and thisstep is in excess of one metre in length, Reg. 3(9) shall apply.(Fig. 1). A step one metre or less in length shall be treated as arecess in accordance with paragraph 2.

202 Where a recess is arranged in the freeboard deck, and

plusT L S–( )

L---------------------

CB∇

LBd1-------------- where=


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this recess does not extend to the side of the ship, the freeboardcalculated without regard to the recess is to be corrected for theconsequent loss of buoyancy. The correction would be equal tothe value obtained by dividing the volume of the recess by thewaterplane area of the ship at 85% of the least moulded depth.(Fig. 2).

1) The correction would be a straight addition to the free-board obtained after all other corrections have been ap-plied, except bow height correction.

2) Where freeboard, corrected for lost buoyancy as above, isgreater than the minimum geometric freeboard determinedon the basis of a moulded depth measured to the bottom ofthe recess, the latter value may be used.

203 Recesses in a second deck, designated as the freeboarddeck, may be disregarded in this Interpretation provided allopenings in the weather deck are fitted with weathertight clos-ing appliances.

204 Due regard is to be given to the drainage of exposed re-cesses and to free surface effects on stability.

205 This Interpretation is not intended to apply to dredgers,hopper bargers or other similar types of ships with large openholds, where each case would require individual consideration.

Fig. 1Paragraph 1

Fig. 2Paragraph 2

Correction is addition to freeboard equal to:

(IACS LL48 to Reg. 3.5 and 3.9)

D 300 Thickness of sheathing

301 The correction for thickness of sheathing on the exposedfreeboard deck T(L-S)/L is applicable only when deck is com-pletely sheathed between superstructures. In other cases the

correction should be T l/L, where l = length of sheathed areawhich extends from side to side. Only wood sheathing shouldbe considered.


D 400 Moonpools401 Where moonpools are arranged within the hull in theopen communication with the sea, the volume of the moonpoolshould not be included in calculation of any hydrostatic prop-erties.

An addition should be made to the geometric freeboard, if themoonpool has a larger cross-sectional area above the waterlineat 0.85 D than below, corresponding to the lost buoyancy. Thisaddition for the excess portion above the 0.85 D should bemade as prescribed for recesses in LL48 (202).

If an enclosed superstructure contains part of the moonpool,deduction should be made from the effective length of the su-perstructure.

(IACS LL53 to Reg. 3)

D 500 Lower freeboard deck501 When a lower deck is designated as the freeboard deck,it shall be continuous in fore and aft direction as well asathwartship. Such freeboard deck as a minimum shall consistof suitably framed stringers at the ship sides and transverselyat each watertight bulkhead which extends to the upper deck,within cargo spaces. The width of these stringers shall not beless than can be conveniently fitted having regard to the struc-ture and the operation of the ship. Any arrangement of string-ers shall be such that structural requirement can also be met.

Guidance note:Member Societies formulated this Interpretation in order to havea guide when judging whether a structure below the uppermostcomplete deck can be designated as freeboard deck in terms ofRegulation 3(9) for the application of tonnage regulation. Thiswas done, although it is obvious that such a structure has no sig-nificance with regard to the philosophy of the Load Line Conven-tion.Nevertheless it is felt that it would be preferable if tonnage andload line matters could be clearly separated by deleting from theLoad Line Convention the reference to a lower deck being desig-nated as the freeboard deck.(IACS LL39 to Reg. 3.9)


D 600 Bridge or poop601 A bridge or poop shall not be regarded as enclosed un-less access is provided for the crew starting from any point onthe uppermost complete exposed deck or higher to reach ma-chinery and other working spaces inside these superstructuresby alternative means which are available at all times whenbulkhead openings are closed.

(IACS LL3 to Reg. 3.10 b)

E. Load Line Marking

E 100 Deck line (Regulation 4)The deck line is a horizontal line 300 mm in length and 25 mmin breadth. It shall he marked amidships on each side of theship, and its upper edge shall normally pass through the pointwhere the continuation outwards of the upper surface of thefreeboard deck intersects the outer surface of the shell (as illus-trated in Figure 3), provided that the deck line may be placedwith reference to another fixed point on the ship on conditionthat the freeboard is correspondingly corrected. The location ofthe reference point and the identification of the freeboard deckshall in all cases be indicated on the International Load LineCertificate.

lbdr

W P Area at 0 85D,-----------------------------------------------------


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E 200 Load line mark (Regulation 5)The Load Line Mark shall consist of a ring 300 m in outside di-ameter and 25 mm wide which is intersected by a horizontal line450 mm in length and 25 mm in breadth, the upper edge ofwhich passes through the centre of the ring. The centre of thering shall be placed amidships and at a distance equal to theassigned summer freeboard measured vertically below the up-per edge of the deck line (see Fig. 4).

E 300 Lines to be used with the load line mark. (Regu-lation 6)

1) The lines which indicate the load line assigned in accord-ance with these Regulations shall be horizontal lines 230mm in length and 25 mm in breadth which extend forwardof, unless expressly provided otherwise, and at right anglesto, a vertical line 25 mm in breadth marked at a distance540 mm forward of the centre of the ring (as illustrated inFigure 4).

2) The following load lines shall be used:

a) The Summer Load Line indicated by the upper edge ofthe line which passes through the centre of the ringand also by a line marked S.

b) The Winter Load Line indicated by the upper edge of aline marked W.

c) The Winter North Atlantic Load Line indicated by theupper edge of a line marked WNA.

d) The Tropical Load Line indicated by the upper edge ofa line marked T.

Fig. 3Deck line

Fig. 4Load line mark and lines to be used with this mark

Fig. 5Timber load line mark and lines to be used with this mark

Fig. 6Load line mark on sailing ships and lines to be used with thismark

e) The Fresh Water Load Line in summer indicated by theupper edge of a line marked F. The Fresh Water LoadLine in summer is marked abaft the vertical line. Thedifference between the Fresh Water Load Line in sum-mer and the Summer Load Line is the allowance to bemade for loading in fresh water at the other load lines.

f) The Tropical Fresh Water Load Line indicated by theupper edge of a line marked TF, and marked abaft thevertical line.

3) If timber freeboards are assigned in accordance with theseRegulations, the timber load lines shall be marked in addi-tion to ordinary load lines. These lines shall be horizontallines 230 mm in length and 25 mm in breadth which extendabaft unless expressly provided otherwise, and are at rightangles to, a vertical line 25 mm in breadth marked at a dis-tance 540 mm abaft the centre of the ring (as illustrated inFigure 5).

4) The following timber load lines shall be used:

a) The Summer Timber Load Line indicated by the upperedge of a line marked LS.

b) The Winter Timber Load Line indicated by the upperedge of a line marked LW.

c) The Winter North Atlantic Timber Load Line indicatedby the upper edge of a line marked LWNA.

d) The Tropical Timber Load Line indicated by the upperedge of a line marked LT.

e) The Fresh Water Timber Load Line in summer indicat-ed by the upper edge of a line marked LF and markedforward of the vertical line. The difference between theFresh Water Timber Load Line in summer and theSummer Timber Load Line is the allowance to bemade for loading in fresh water at the other timber loadlines.

f) The Tropical Fresh Water Timber Load Line indicatedby the upper edge of a line marked LTF and markedforward of the vertical line.


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5) Where the characteristics of a ship or the nature of theship's service or navigational limits make any of the sea-sonal lines inapplicable, these lines may be omitted.

6) Where a ship is assigned a greater than minimum free-board so that the load line is marked at a position corre-sponding to, or lower than, the lowest seasonal load lineassigned at minimum freeboard in accordance with thepresent Convention, only the Fresh Water Load Line needbe marked.

7) On sailing ships only the Fresh Water Load Line and theWinter North Atlantic Load Line need be marked (as illus-trated in Figure 6).

8) Where a Winter North Atlantic Load Line is identical withthe Winter Load Line corresponding to the same verticalline, this load line shall be marked W.

9) Additional load lines required by other international con-ventions in force may be marked at right angles to andabaft the vertical line specified in paragraph (1) of this Reg-ulation.

E 400 Mark of assigning authority. (Regulation 7)The mark of the Authority by whom the load lines are assignedmay be indicated alongside the load line ring above the horizon-tal line which passes through the centre of the ring, or aboveand below it. This mark shall consist of not more than four ini-tials to identify the Authority's name, each measuring approxi-mately 115 mm in height and 75 mm in width.

E 500 Details of marking. (Regulation 8)The ring lines and letters shall be painted in white or yellow ona dark ground or in black on a light ground. They shall also bepermanently marked on the sides of the ships to the satisfactionof the Administration. The marks shall be plainly visible and, ifnecessary, special arrangements shall be made for this pur-pose.

'Permanently marked' is considered to include welding of themarks on the sides of the ship provided the usual precautionsas to material, electrodes, etc., are observed.

(IACS LL4)

E 600 Verification of marks. (Regulation 9)The International Load Line Certificate shall not be delivered to

the ship until the officer or surveyor acting under the provisionsof Article 13 of the present Convention has certified that themarks are correctly and permanently indicated on the ship'ssides.

E 700 Assigning, marking and recording of subdivisionload lines for passenger ships (SOLAS Reg. II-1/13)

1) In order that the required degree of subdivision shall bemaintained, a load line correponding to the approved sub-division draught shall be assigned and marked on theship's side. A ship having spaces which are speciallyadapted for the accommodation of passengers and the car-riage of cargo alternatively may, if the owners desire, haveone or more additional load lines assigned and marked tocorrespond with the subdivision draughts which the Admin-istration may approve for thealternative service conditions.

2) The subdivision load lines assigned and marked shall berecorded in the Passenger Ship Safety Certificate. andshall be distinguished by the notation C.1 for the principalpassenger condition, and C.2, C.3 etc., for the alternativeconditions.

3) The freeboard corresponding to each of these load linesshall be measured at the same position and from the samedeck line as the freeboards determined in accordance withthe International Convention on Load Lines in force.

4) The freeboard corresponding to each approved subdivi-sion load line and the conditions of service for which it isapproved, shall be clearly indicated on the Passenger ShipSafety Certificate.

5) In no case shall any subdivision load line mark be placedabove the deepest load line in salt water as determined bythe strength of the ship or the International Convention onLoad Lines in force.

6) Whatever may be the position of the subdivision load linemarks, a ship shall in no case be loaded so as to submergethe load line mark appropriate to the season and locality asdetermined in accordance with the International Conven-tion on Load Lines in force.

7) A ship shall in no case be so loaded that when it is in saltwater the subdivision load line mark appropriate to the par-ticular voyage and condition of service is submerged.


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SECTION 2CONDITIONS OF ASSIGNMENT OF FREEBOARD

A. Information to be Supplied to the Master

A 100 Information to be supplied to the master(Regulation 10)

1) The master of every new ship shall be supplied with suffi-cient information, in an approved form, to enable him to ar-range for the loading and ballasting of his ship in such away as to avoid the creation of any unacceptable stressesin the ship's structure, provided that this requirement neednot apply to any particular length, design or class of shipwhere the Administration considers it to be unnecessary.

2) Every ship which is not required under the InternationalConvention for Safety of Life at Sea in force to undergo aninclining test upon its completion shall:

a) be so inclined and the actual displacement and posi-tion of the centre of gravity shall be determined for thelight ship condition;

b) have supplied for the use of its master such reliable in-formation in an approved form as is necessary to ena-ble him by rapid and simple processes to obtainaccurate guidance as to the stability of the ship underall conditions likely to be encountered in normal serv-ice;

c) carry on board at all times its approved stability infor-mation together with evidence that the information hasbeen approved by the Administration;

d) if the Administration so approves, have its inclining teston completion dispensed with, provided basic stabilitydata are available from the inclining test of a sister shipand it is shown to the satisfaction of the Administrationthat reliable stability information for the ship can be ob-tained from such basic data.

With respect to Reg.10 (1) reference is given to Ch.1 Sec.5 F.

To ensure that ships are provided with meaningful informationwhich accords with the sense of Regulation 10(2) it is recom-mended that a document containing such information be pre-pared on the basis of IACS LL45 as given in Ch.4 Sec.2.

B. Conditions concerning Strength andArrangement

B 100 General

101 Conditions of assignment of freeboard with respect tostrength, closing appliances, ventilators, air pipes, sanitary dis-charges, scuppers, sea inlets/outlets, drainage and protection ofcrew (Regulation 1 and Regulations 11 to 25) are covered bythe hull structural requirements given in Ch.1 or Ch.2.

102 Special conditions of assignment for type A ships (Reg-ulation 26) are covered in Ch.1 Sec.11 or Ch.2 Sec.11.


DET NORSKE VERITAS

SECTION 3FREEBOARD

A. Types of Ships

A 100 Regulation 27

101 Type of Ships

1) For the purposes of freeboard computation, ships shall bedivided into Type A and Type B.

Type A Ships

2) A Type A ship is one which:

a) is designed to carry only liquid cargoes in bulk;

b) has a high integrity of the exposed deck with only smallaccess openings to cargo compartments, closed bywatertight gasketed covers of steel or equivalent ma-terial; and

c) has low permeability of loaded cargo compartments.

3) A Type A ship, if over 150 m in length to which a freeboardless than Type B has been assigned, when loaded in ac-cordance with the requirements of paragraph (11), shall beable to withstand the flooding of any compartment or com-partments, with an assumed permeability of 0.95, conse-quent upon the damage assumptions specified inparagraph (12) of this Regulation, and shall remain afloatin a satisfactory condition of equilibrium as specified in par-agraph (13) of this Regulation. In such a ship the machin-ery space shall be treated as a floodable compartment, butwith a permeability of 0.85.

4) A Type A ship shall be assigned a freeboard not less thanthat based on Table A of Regulation 28 (B100).

Type B Ships

5) All ships which do not come within the provisions regardingType A ships in paragraphs (2) and (3) of this Regulationshall be considered as Type B ships.

6) Type B ships, which in position 1 have hatchways fittedwith hatch covers which comply with the requirements ofRegulation 15, other than paragraph (7) (portable coverssecured weathertight by tarpaulins and battening devices)shall be assigned freeboards based upon the values givenin Table B of Regulation 28 (B100), increased by the val-ues given in the following table:

7) Type B ships, which in position 1 have hatchways fittedwith hatch covers complying with the requirements of Reg-ulations 15(7) or 16 (Ch.1 Sec.11 E), shall, except as pro-vided in paragraphs (8) to (13) inclusive of this Regulation,be assigned freeboards based on Table B of Regulation 28(B100).

8) Any Type B ship of over 100 m in length may be assignedfreeboards less than those required under paragraph (7) ofthis Regulation, provided that, in relation to the amount ofreduction granted, the Administration is satisfied that:

a) the measures provided for the protection of the creware adequate;

b) the freeing arrangements are adequate;

c) the covers in position 1 and 2 comply with the provi-sions of Regulation 16 (Ch.1 Sec.11 E), and have ad-equate strength, special care being given to theirsealing and securing arrangements; and

d) the ship, when loaded in accordance with the require-ments of paragraph (11), shall be able to withstand theflooding of any compartment or compartments, with anassumed permeability of 0.95, consequent upon thedamage assumptions specified in paragraph (12) ofthis Regulation, and shall remain afloat in a satisfacto-ry condition of equilibrium as specified in paragraph(13) of this Regulation. In such a ship, if over 150 m inlength, the machinery space shall be treated as afloodable compartment, but with a permeability of 0.85.

9) In calculating the freeboards for Type B ships which com-ply with the requirements of paragraphs (8),(11),(12) and(13) of this Regulation, the values from Table B of Regula-tion 28 (B100) shall not be reduced by more than 60 percent of the difference between the B and A tabular valuesfor the appropriate ship lengths.

10)

a) The reduction in tabular freeboard allowed under par-agraph (9) of this Regulation may be increased up tothe total difference between the values in Table A andthose in Table B of Regulation 28 (B100) on conditionthat the ship complies with the requirements of:(i) Regulation 26 other than paragraph (4) as if it werea Type A ship(ii) paragraphs (8)(11) and (13) of this Regulation;and

Freeboard increase over tabular freeboard for Type Bships with hatch covers not complying with Regulation15(7) or 16Length ofship (m)

Free-board in-crease(mm)

Length ofship (m)


Length ofship (m)


108 andbelow

50 139 175 170 290

109 52 140 181 171 292110 55 141 186 172 294111 57 142 191 173 297112 59 143 196 174 299113 62 144 201 175 301114 64 145 206 176 304115 68 146 210 177 306116 70 147 215 178 308117 73 148 219 179 311118 76 149 224 180 313119 80 150 228 181 315120 84 151 232 182 318121 87 152 236 183 320

122 91 153 240 184 322123 95 154 244 185 325124 99 155 247 186 327125 103 156 251 187 329126 108 157 254 188 332127 112 158 258 189 334128 116 159 261 190 336129 121 160 264 191 339130 126 161 267 192 341131 131 162 270 193 343132 136 163 273 194 346133 142 164 275 195 348134 147 165 278 196 350135 153 166 280 197 353136 159 167 283 198 355137 164 168 285 199 357138 170 169 287 200 358

Freeboards at intermediate lengths of ship shall be obtained by linearinterpolation.Ship above 200 m in length shall be dealt with by the Administration.


DET NORSKE VERITAS

(iii) paragraph (12) of this Regulation, provided thatthroughout the length of the ship any one transversebulkhead will be assumed to be damaged, such thattwo adjacent fore and aft compartments shall be flood-ed simultaneously, except that such damage will notapply to the boundary bulkheads of a machineryspace.

b) In such a ship, if over 150 m in length, the machineryspace shall be treated as a floodable compartment, butwith a permeability of 0.85.

Initial Conditions of Loading

11) The initial condition of loading before flooding shall be de-termined as follows:

a) The ship is loaded to its summer load waterline on animaginary even keel.

b) When calculating the vertical centre of gravity, the fol-lowing principles apply:(i) Homogeneous cargo is carried.(ii) All cargo compartments, except those referred tounder (iii) of this sub-paragraph, but including compart-ments intended to be partially filled, shall be consid-ered fully loaded except that in the case of fluidcargoes each compartment shall be treated as 98 percent full.(iii) If the ship is intended to operate at its summer loadwaterline with empty compartments, such compart-ments shall be considered empty provided the heightof the centre of gravity so calculated is not less than ascalculated under (ii) of this sub-paragraph.(iv) Fifty per cent of the individual total capacity of alltanks and spaces fitted to contain consumable liquidsand stores is allowed for. It shall be assumed that foreach type of liquid, at least one transverse pair or a sin-gle centre line tank has maximum free surface, and thetank or combination of tanks to be taken into accountshall be those where the effect of free surfaces is thegreatest; in each tank the centre of gravity of the con-tents shall be taken at the centre of volume of the tank.The remaining tanks shall be assumed either com-pletely empty or completely filled, and the distributionof consumable liquids between these tanks shall be ef-fected so as to obtain the greatest possible heightabove the keel for the centre of gravity.(v) At an angle of heel of not more than 5 degrees ineach compartment containing liquids, as prescribed in(ii) of this sub-paragraph except that in the case ofcompartments containing consumable fluids, as pre-scribed in (iv) of this subparagraph of this paragraph,the maximum free surface effect shall be taken into ac-count.Alternatively, the actual free surface effects may beused, provided the methods of calculation are accept-able to the Administration.(vi) Weights shall be calculated on the basis of the fol-lowing values for specific gravities:salt water 1.025fresh water 1.000oil fuel 0.950diesel oil 0.900lubricating oil 0.900

Damage Assumptions

12) The following principles regarding the character of the as-sumed damage apply:

a) The vertical extent of damage in all cases is assumedto be from the base line upwards without limit.

b) The transverse extent of damage is equal to B/5 or11.5 m, whichever is the lesser, measured inboardfrom the side of the ship perpendicularly to the centreline at the level of the summer load waterline.

c) If damage of a lesser extent than specified in sub-par-agraphs (a) and (b) of this paragraph results in a moresevere condition, such lesser extent shall be assumed.

d) Except where otherwise required by paragraph (10) (a)the flooding shall be confined to a single compartmentbetween adjacent transverse bulkheads provided theinner longitudinal boundary of the compartment is notin a position within the transverse extent of assumeddamage. Transverse boundary bulkheads of wingtanks, which do not extend over the full breadth of theship shall be assumed not to be damaged, providedthey extend beyond the transverse extent of assumeddamage prescribed in sub-paragraph (b) of this para-graph. If in a transverse bulkhead there are steps or re-cesses of not more than 3.05 m in length located withinthe transverse extent of assumed damage as definedin sub-paragraph (b) of this paragraph, such trans-verse bulkhead may be considered intact and the ad-jacent compartment may be floodable singly. If,however, within the transverse extent of assumeddamage there is a step or recess of more than 3.05 min length in a transverse bulkhead, the two compart-ments adjacent to this bulkhead shall be considered asflooded. The step formed by the after peak bulkheadand the after peak tank top shall not be regarded as astep for the purpose of this Regulation.

e) Where a main transverse bulkhead is located withinthe transverse extent of assumed damage and isstepped in way of a double bottom or side tank by morethan 3.05 m, the double bottom or side tanks adjacentto the stepped portion of the main transverse bulkheadshall be considered as flooded simultaneously. If thisside tank has openings into one or several holds, suchas grain feeding holes, such hold or holds shall be con-sidered as flooded simultaneously. Similar in a shipdesigned for the carriage of fluid cargoes, if a side tankhas openings into adjacent compartments, such adja-cent compartments shall be considered as empty andflooded simultaneously. This provision is applicableeven where such openings are fitted with closing appli-ances, except in the case of sluice valves fitted in bulk-heads between tanks and where the valves arecontrolled from the deck. Manhole covers with closely-spaced bolts are considered equivalent to the un-pierced bulkhead except in the case of openings intopside tanks making the topside tanks common to theholds.

f) Where the flooding of any two adjacent fore and aftcompartments is envisaged main transverse water-tight bulkheads shall be spaced at least 1/3L2/3 or 14.5m, whichever is the lesser, in order to be consideredeffective. Where transverse bulkheads are spaced at alesser distance, one or more of these bulkheads shallbe assumed as non-existent in order to achieve theminimum spacing between bulkheads.

Condition of Equilibrium

13) The condition of equilibrium after flooding shall be regard-ed as satisfactory provided:

a) The final waterline after flooding, taking into accountsinkage, heel, and trim, is below the lower edge of anyopening through which progressive flooding may takeplace. Such openings shall include air pipes, ventila-tors and openings which are closed by means ofweathertight doors (even if they comply with Regula-tion 12 (Ch.1 Sec.11 B101)) or hatch covers (even ifthey comply with Regulation 16 (Ch.1 Sec.11 E) orRegulation 19 (4) (Ch.1 Sec.11 H100)), and may ex-clude those openings closed by means of manholecovers and flush scuttles (which comply with Regula-tion 18), cargo hatch covers of the type described inRegulation 27(2)(A100), remotely operated sliding wa-tertight doors, and side scuttles of the non-openingtype (which comply with Regulation 23 (Ch.1 Sec.11L100)).However, in the case of doors separating a main ma-chinery space from a steering gear compartment, wa-


DET NORSKE VERITAS

tertight doors may be of a hinged, quick acting typekept closed at sea, whilst not in use, provided also thatthe lower sill of such doors is above the summer loadwaterline.

b) If pipes, ducts or tunnels are situated within the as-sumed extent of damage penetration as defined in par-agraph (12)(b) of this Regulation, arrangements are tobe made so that progressive flooding cannot therebyextend to compartments other than those assumed tobe floodable in the calculation for each case of dam-age

c) The angle of heel due to unsymmetrical flooding doesnot exceed 15 degrees. If no part of the deck is im-mersed, an angle of heel of up to 17 degrees may beaccepted.

d) The metacentric height in the flooded condition is pos-itive.

e) When any part of the deck outside the compartmentassumed flooded in a particular case of damage is im-mersed, or in any case where the margin of stability inthe flooded condition may be considered doubtful, theresidual stability is to be investigated. It may be regard-ed as sufficient if the righting lever curve has minimumrange of 20 degrees beyond the position of equilibriumwith a maximum righting lever of at least 0.1 metrewithin this range. The area under the righting levercurve within this range shall be not less than 0.0175metre-radians. The Administration shall give consider-ation to the potential hazard presented by protected orunprotected openings which may become temporarilyimmersed within the range of residual stability.

f) The Administration is satisfied that the stability is suffi-cient during intermediate stages of flooding.

Ship without means of Propulsion

14) A lighter, barge, or other ship without independent meansof propulsion shall be assigned a freeboard in accordancewith the provisions of these Regulations. Barges whichmeet the requirements of paragraphs (2) and (3) of thisRegulation may be assigned Type A freeboards:

a) The Administration should especially consider the sta-bility of barges with cargo on the weather deck. Deckcargo can only be carried on barges to which the ordi-nary Type B freeboard is assigned.

b) However, in the case of barges which are unmanned,the requirements of Regulations 25, 26(2) and (3)(Ch.1 Sec.10 E) and 39(M100) shall not apply.

c) Such unmanned barges which have on the freeboarddeck only small access openings closed by watertightgasketed covers of steel or equivalent material may beassigned a freeboard 25 per cent less than those cal-culated in accordance with these Regulations.

A 200 Hatch covers

201 No extra strengthening is recommended for hatchwaycovers on vessels which are assigned freeboards less than thosebased on Table B, except for flush hatchway covers which arefitted on the freeboard deck forward of the quarter length, inwhich case the section modulus and the moment of inertia shallbe increased 15% over that required by Regulation 16 (seeCh.1 Sec.11).

(IACS LL6)

A 300 Freeing ports for type B-60

301 For Type B ships with freeboards reduced by not morethan 60% of the difference between B and A tables there shallbe freeing port area in the lower part of the bulwarks equal toat least 25% of the total area of the bulwarks.

The upper edge of the sheer strake shall be kept as low as pos-sible.

(IACS LL23)

A 400 Deck cargo barges

401 In applying Regulation 27(14) to deck cargo barges it isrecommended that only Type B freeboard can be assigned,even if the barges possess the same integrity of exposed decksand equivalent safety against flooding as normal tank barges.

This view is taken as a result of the consideration that Type Afreeboard can only be assigned to liquid cargo barges.

It is further concluded that deck cargo can only be carried onbarges to which Type B freeboard is assigned.

(IACS LL34)

A 500 Access openings on barges

501 Since Regulation 27(11) does not contain any indicationas to what size the term 'small access openings' refers it is rec-ommended that such openings should not be greater than 1.5m2 where a freeboard reduction of 25% is granted.

502 Access plates are considered as being equivalent to anintact deck for unmanned barges, thereby allowing for a 25%reduction in freeboard, provided they are secured by closelyspaced bolts their joining parts are properly gasketed and theirarrangements, for all practical purposes, have equivalent struc-tural integrity and tightness as an intact deck.

(IACS LL42)

B. Freeboard Tables

B 100 Regulation 28

Type A Ships

1) The tabular freeboard for Type A ships shall be determinedfrom the following table:

Table A Freeboard table for Type «A» shipsLength of ship (m) Freeboard (mm)

2425

200208

2627282930

217225233242250

3132333435

258267275283292

3637383940

300308316325334

4142434445

344354364374385

4647484950

396408420432443

5152535455

455467478490503


DET NORSKE VERITAS

5657585960

516530544559573

6162636465

587600613626639

6667686970

653666680693706

7172737475

720733746760773

7677787980

786800814828841

8182838485

855869883897911

8687888990

926940955969984

9192939495

9991014102910441059

96979899

100

10741089110511201135

101102103104105

11511166118111961212

106107108109110

12281244126012761293

111112113114115

13091326134213591376

116117118119120

13921409142614421459

121122123124125

14761494151115281546


126127128129130

15631580159816151632

131132133134135

16501667168417021719

136137138139140

17361753177017871803

141142143144145

18201837185318701886

146147148149150

19031919193519521968

151152153154155

19842000201620322048

156157158159160

20642080209621112126

161162163164165

21412155216921842198

166167168169170

22122226224022542268

171172173174175

22812294230723202332

176177178179180

23452357236923812393

181182183184185

24052416242824402451

186187188189190

24632474248624972508

191192193194195

25192530254125522562



DET NORSKE VERITAS

196197198199200

25722582259226022612

201202203204205

26222632264126502659

206207208209210

26692678268726962705

211212213214215

27142723273227412749

216217218219220

27582767277527842792

221222223224225

28012809281728252833

226227228229230

28412849285728652872

231232233234235

28802888289529032910

236237238239240

29182925293229392946

241242243244245

29532959296629732979

246247248249250

29862993300030063012

251252253254255

30183024303030363042

256257258259260

30483054306030663072

261262263264265

30783084308930953101


266267268269270

31063112311731233128

271272273274275

31333138314331483153

276277278279280

31583163316731723176

281282283284285

31813185318931943198

286287288289290

32023207321132153220

291292293294295

32243228323332373241

296297298299300

32463250325432583262

301302303304305

32663270327432783281

306307308309310

32853288329232953298

311312313314315

33023305330833123315

316317318319320

33183322332533283331

321322323324325

33343337333933423345

326327328329330

33473350335333553358

331332333334335

33613363336633683371



DET NORSKE VERITAS

Type B ships

2) The tabular freeboard for type B ships shall be determinedfrom the following table:

336337338339340

33733375337833803382

341342343344345

33853387338933923394

346347348349350

33963399340134033406

351352353354355

34083410341234143416

356357358359360

34183420342234233425

361362363364365

34273428343034323433

Freeboards at intermediate lengths of ship shall be obtained by lin-ear interpolation. Ship above 365 m in length shall be dealt with bythe Administration.

Table B Freeboard table for Type «B» shipsLength of ship (m) Freeboard (mm)

2425

200208

2627282930

217225233242250

3132333435

258267275283292

3637383940

300308316325334

4142434445

344354364374385

4647484950

396408420432443

5152535455

455467478490503


5657585960

516530544559573

6162636465

587601615629644

6667686970

659674689705721

7172737475

738754769784800

7677787980

816833850868887

8182838485

905923942960978

8687888990

9961015103410541075

9192939495

10961116113511541172

96979899100

11901209122912501271

101102103104105

12931315133713591380

106107108109110

14011421144014591479

111112113114115

15001521154315651587

116117118119120

16091630165116711690

121122123124125

17091729175017711793



DET NORSKE VERITAS

126127128129130

18151837185918801901

131132133134135

19211940195919792000

136137138139140

20212043206520872109

141142143144145

21302151217121902209

146147148149150

22292250227122932315

151152153154155

23342354237523962418

156157158159160

24402460248025002520

161162163164165

25402560258026002620

166167168169170

26402660268026982716

171172173174175

27352754277427952815

176177178179180

28352855287528952915

181182183184185

29332952297029883007

186187188189190

30253044306230803098

191192193194195

31163134315131673185


196197198199200

32023219323532493264

201202203204205

32803296331333303347

206207208209210

33633380339734133430

211212213214215

34453460347534903505

216217218219220

35203537355435703586

221222223224225

36013615363036453660

226227228229230

36753690370537203735

231232233234235

37503765378037953808

236237238239240

38213835384938643880

241242243244245

38933906392039343949

246247248249250

39653978399240054018

251252253254255

40324045405840724085

256257258259260

40984112412541394152

261262263264265

41654177418942014214



DET NORSKE VERITAS

B 200 Ship length above 365 m

201 Type A ships

i) Freeboards for Type A ships with lengths between 365 and400 m shall be determined by the following formula:f = 221 + 16.10 L – 0.02 L2

where f is freeboard in mmL is length as defined in Regulation 3(1) (Sec.1 D100).

ii) Freeboards for Type A ships with lengths of 400 m andabove shall be the constant value, 3460 mm.

202 Type B ships

i) Freeboards for Type B ships with lengths between 365 and400 m shall be determined by the following formula:f = – 587 + 23 L – 0.0188 L2

where f is freeboard in mmL is length as defined in Regulation 3(1) (Sec.1 D100).

ii) Freeboards for Type B ships with lengths of 400 m andabove shall be the constant value, 5605 mm.(IACS LL18)

C. Correction to the Freeboard for Ships under100 m in length

C 100 Regulation 29

The tabular freeboard for Type B ship of between 24 m and 100m in length having enclosed superstructures with an effectivelength of up to 35% of the length of the ship shall be increasedby:

266267268269270

42274240425242644276

271272273274275

42894302431543274339

276277278279280

43504362437343854397

281282283284285

44084420443244434455

286287288289290

44674478449045024513

291292293294295

45254537454845604572

296297298299300

45834595460746184630

301302303304305

46424654466546764686

306307308309310

46954704471447254736

311312313314315

47484757476847794790

316317318319320

48014812482348344844

321322323324325

48554866487848904899

326327328329330

49094920493149434955

331332333334335

49654975498549955005


336337338339340

50155025503550455055

341342343344345

50655075508650975108

346347348349350

51195130514051505160

351352353354355

51705180519052005210

356357358359360

52205230524052505260

361362363364365

52685276528552945303

Freeboards at intermediate lengths of ship shall be obtained by lin-ear interpolation. Ships above 365 m in length shall be dealt with bythe Administration.



DET NORSKE VERITAS

where

L = length of ship in m,E = effective length of superstructure in m as defined in Reg-

ulation 35 (I 100).

C 200 Interpretation

201 The effective length of superstructures E which is usedfor calculating the freeboard correction according to Regula-tion 29 shall be determined excluding the length of trunks.

(IACS LL41)

D. Correction for Block Coefficient

D 100 Regulation 30

Where the block coefficient (Cb) exceeds 0.68, the tabular free-board specified in Regulation 28 (B100) as modified, if applica-ble, by Regulations 27(8), 27(10) (A100) and 29 (C100) shallbe multiplied by the factor:

E. Correction for Depth

E 100 Regulation 31

1) Where D exceeds L/15 the freeboard shall be increased by(D-L/15)R mm, where R is L/0.48 at lengths less than 120m and 250 at 120 m length and above.

2) Where D is less than L/l5 no reduction shall be made ex-cept in a ship with an enclosed superstructure covering atleast 0.6 L amidships, with a complete trunk, or combina-tion of detached enclosed superstructures and trunkswhich extend all fore and aft, where the freeboard shall bereduced at the rate prescribed in paragraph (1) of this Reg-ulation.

3) Where the height of superstructure or trunk is less than thestandard height, the reduction shall be in the ratio of the ac-tual to the standard height as defined in Regulation 33(G100).

E 200 Interpretation

When the height of a superstructure, raised quarterdeck ortrunk is less than the corresponding standard height, it is rec-ommended that the calculated reduction be corrected in the ra-tio of the height of the actual superstructure, raised quarterdeckor trunk to the applicable standard height as defined in Regu-lation 33 (G100).

(IACS LL24)

F. Correction for Position of Deck Line

F 100 Regulation 32

Where the actual depth to the upper edge of the deck line isgreater or less than D, the difference between the depths shallbe added to or deducted from the freeboard.

G. Standard Height of Superstructure

G 100 Regulation 33

The standard height of a superstructure shall be as given in thefollowing table:

H. Length of Superstructure

H 100 Regulation 34

1) Except as provided in paragraph (2) of this Regulation, thelength of a superstructure (S) shall be the mean length ofthe parts of the superstructure which lie within the length(L).

2) Where the end bulkhead of an enclosed superstructure ex-tends in a fair convex curve beyond its intersection with thesuperstructure sides, the length of the superstructure maybe increased on the basis of an equivalent plane bulkhead.This increase shall be two-thirds of the fore and aft extentof the curvature. The maximum curvature which may betaken into account in determining this increase is one-halfthe breadth of the superstructure at the point of intersectionof the curved end of the superstructure with its side.

H 200 Superstructure recess and extension.

201 Where a superstructure bulkhead is recessed, the effec-tive length of the superstructure shall be reduced by an amountequivalent in area to the area of the recess related to the breadthof the ship at the mid-length of the recess.

Where the recess is unsymmetrical about the centre line, thelargest portion of the recess shall be considered as applying toboth sides of the ship.

It is considered that such a recess need not be decked over.

202 Where there is an extension to a superstructure, whichextension has a breadth on each side of the centre line at least30% of the breadth of the ship, the effective length of the su-perstructure may be increased by considering an equivalientsuperstructure bulkhead in the form of a parabola. This parab-ola should extend from the extension at the centre line and passthrough the junction of the actual superstructure bulkhead withthe sides of the extension and the extended to the sides of theship. This parabola should be completely containded withinthe boundary of the superstructure and its extension.

(IACS LL15)

H 300 Sloping end bulkheads

301 When taking account of superstructures which havesloping end bulkheads in the calculations of freeboards, suchsuperstructures shall be dealt with in the following manner:

i) When the height of superstructure, clear of the slope, isequal to or smaller than the standard height, length S is tobe obtained as shown in Fig. 1.

ii) When the height is greater than the standard, length S is tobe obtained as shown in Fig. 2.

7 5 100 L–( ) 0 35EL---–,� �

� � (mm),

CB 0 68,+

1 36,-------------------------

Standard height (m)L (m) Raised quarter

deckAll other superstruc-

tures30 or less75125 or more

0.901.201.80

1.801.802.30

The standard heights at intermediate lengths of the ship shall be ob-tained by linear interpolation.


DET NORSKE VERITAS

iii) The foregoing will apply only when the slope, related tothe base line, is 15° or greater. Where the slope is less than15°, the configuration shall be treated as sheer.(IACS LL37)

Fig. 1Height of superstructure equal to or smaller than the standardheight h

Fig. 2Height of superstructure greater than the standard height

Fig. 3Sheer credit s for excess height

I. Effective Length of Superstructure

I 100 Regulation 35

1) Except as provided for in paragraph (2) of this Regulation,the effective length (E) of an enclosed superstructure ofstandard height shall be its length.

2) In all cases where an enclosed superstructure of standardheight is set in from the sides of the ship as permitted inRegulation 3 (10) (Sec.1 D100), the effective length shallbe the length modified by the ratio of b/Bs, whereb is the breadth of the superstructure at the middle of itslength; andBs is the breadth of the ship at the middle of the length ofthe superstructure.Where a superstructure is set in for a part of its length, thismodification shall be applied only to the set in part.

3) Where the height of an enclosed superstructure is lessthan the standard height, the effective length shall be itslength reduced in the ratio of the actual height to the stand-ard height. Where the height exceeds the standard, no in-crease shall be made to the effective length of thesuperstructure.

4) The effective length of a raised quarter deck, if fitted withan intact front bulkhead, shall be its length up to a maxi-mum of 0.6 L. Where the bulkhead is not intact, the raised

quarterdeck shall be treated as a poop of less than stand-ard height.

5) Superstructures which are not enclosed shall have no ef-fective length.

I 200 Interpretations

201 It is recommended that the maximum effective length of0,6 L of a raised quarterdeck which is stipulated by Regulation35(4), is to be measured from the after perpendicular evenwhere a poop is fitted in conjunction with the raised quarter-deck.

(IACS LL25)

202 When the height of the superstructure, clear of the slope,is less than the standard height, its effective length E shall beits length S as obtained from (H300 (i)), reduced in the ratio ofthe actual height to the standard height.

(IACS LL37)

203 When calculating the freeboard for a ship with excessivesheer but without any superstructure at 0,2 L amidships, the de-duction for sheer per Regulation 38(15) (L100) is not to begranted. However, where a poop or forecastle of less thanstandard height is fitted, when applying Regulation 35(3),credit may be given to the height of the poop or forecastle byincreasing it by the difference between the actual and thestandard sheer profiles.

For treatment of moonpools, see Sec.1 D400.

(IACS LL54)

J. Trunks

J 100 Regulation 36

1) A trunk or similar structure which does not extend to thesides of the ship shall be regarded as efficient on the fol-lowing conditions:

a) the trunk is at least as strong as a superstructure;

b) the hatchways are in the trunk deck, and the hatchwaycoamings and covers comply with the requirements ofRegulation 13 to 16 (see Ch.1 Sec.11 E) inclusive andthe width of the trunk deck stringer provides a satisfac-tory gangway and sufficient lateral stiffness. However,small access openings with watertight covers may bepermitted in the freeboard deck;

c) a permanent working platform fore and aft fitted withguard rails is provided by the trunk deck, or by de-tached trunks connected to superstructures by effi-cient permanent gangways;

d) ventilators are protected by the trunk, by watertightcovers or by other equivalent means;

e) open rails are fitted on the weather parts of the free-board deck in way of the trunk for at least half theirlength;

f) the machinery casings are protected by the trunk, by asuperstructure of at least standard height, or by adeckhouse of the same height and of equivalentstrength;

g) the breadth of the trunk is at least 60% of the breadthof the ship; and

h) where there is no superstructure, the length of thetrunk is at least 0.6 L.

2) The full length of an efficient trunk reduced in the ratio of itsmean breadth to B shall be its effective length.

3) The standard height of a trunk is the standard height of asuperstructure other than a raised quarter deck.

4) Where the height of a trunk is less than the standard height,its effective length shall be reduced in the ratio of the actual


DET NORSKE VERITAS

to the standard height. Where the height of hatchwaycoamings on the trunk deck is less than that required underRegulation 15(1) (Ch.1 Sec.11 D200), a reduction from theactual height of trunk shall be made which corresponds tothe difference between the actual and the required heightof coaming.

J 200 Freeing ports201 It is considered that a freeing port area, in the lower partof the bulwarks, of 33% of the total area of the bulwarks maybe considered equivalent to the 50% open rails in way of trunksrequired by Regulation 36(1)(e).

(IACS LL23)

J 300 Trunk height301 In the case where trunk height is less than standard andthe trunk hatch coamings are also of less than standard height,or omitted entirely, doubt may arise whether the trunk hatch-ways are located in position 1 or position 2 and, consequently,about the reduction to be made in the actual trunk height. It isconsidered that in these cases the reduction from the actualheight of trunk on account of insufficient hatch coaming heightshall be taken as the difference between 600 mm and the actualheight of coaming, or 600 mm if no hatch coamings are fitted.Reduction in the actual height of trunk shall not be required incases where only small hatches with less than standard heightare fitted in the trunk deck for which dispensation from the re-quirement of standard coaming height may be given.


J 400 Continuous hatchways401 It is recommended that continuous hatchways may betreated as a trunk in the freeboard computation provided Reg-ulation 36 is complied with in all respects.

The trunk deck stringer referred to in Regulation 36(1)(b) maybe fitted outboard of the trunk side bulkhead in associationwith the following:

i) The stringer so formed is to provide a clear walkway of atleast 450 mm in width on each side of the ship.

ii) The stringer is to be of solid plate efficiently supported andstiffened.

iii) The stringer is to be as high above the freeboard deck aspracticable. In the freeboard calculation, the trunk heightis to be reduced by at least 600 mm or by the actual differ-ence between the top of the trunk and the stringer, which-ever is greater.

iv) Hatch cover securing appliances are to be accessible fromthe stringer or walkway.

v) The breadth of the trunk is to be measured between thetrunk side bulkheads.

vi) Regulation 36 is to be complied with in all other respects.(IACS LL26)

J 500 Openings in bulkheads501 The inclusion of a trunk in the calculation of freeboardneed not prohibit the fitting of openings in the bulkheads of ad-jacent superstructures such as poops, bridges or forecastlesprovided there is no direct communication between the super-structure and the trunk.

The sides of a trunk included in the calculation of freeboardshall be intact. Side scuttles of the non- opening type and bolt-ed manhole covers may be allowed.

(IACS LL41)

K. Deduction for Superstructures and Trunks

K 100 Regulation 37

1) Where the effective length of superstructures and trunks is1.0 L, the deduction from the freeboard shall be 350 mm at24 m length of ship, 860 mm at 85 m length, and 1070 mmat 122 m length and above; deductions at intermediatelengths shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

2) Where the total effective length of superstructure andtrunks is less than 1.0 L the deduction shall be a percent-age obtained from one of the following tables:

3) For ships of Type B:

a) Where the effective length of a bridge is less than 0.2L, the percentages shall be obtained by linear interpo-lation between lines I and II.

b) Where the effective length of a forecastle is more than0.4 L, the percentages shall be obtained from line II.

c) Where the effective length of a forecastle is less than0.07 L, the above percentages shall be reduced by:

where f is the effective length of the forecastle.

K 200 Interpretations

201 For the purpose of applying the table «Percentage of De-duction for Type B ships» in Regulation 37(2) it is consideredthat any detached superstructure abaft midship whose afterbulkhead is located 0,05 L or more forward of the after perpen-

Percentage of deduction for Type «A» shipsTotal effective length of superstructures and trunks

0 0.1 L 0.2 L 0.3 L 0.4 L 0.5 L 0.6 L 0.7 L 0.8 L 0.9 L 1.0 LPercentage of deduction forall types of superstructures 0 7 14 21 31 41 52 63 75.3 87.7 100

Percentages at intermediate lengths of superstructures and trunks shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

Percentage of deduction for Type «B» shipsLine Total effective length of superstructures and trunks

0 0.1 L 0.2 L 0.3 L 0.4 L 0.5 L 0.6 L 0.7 L 0.8 L 0.9 L 1.0 LShips with forecastle andwithout detached bridge I 0 5 10 15 23.5 32 46 63 75.3 87.7 100

Ships with forecastle anddetached bridge II 0 6.3 12.7 19 27.5 36 46 63 75.3 87.7 100

Percentages at intermediate lengths of superstructures and trunks shall be obtained by linear interpolation.

50 07L f–,( )

0 07L,----------------------------×


DET NORSKE VERITAS

dicular may be treated as a detached bridge.

202 A superstructure whose after bulkhead is located within0,05 L from the after perpendicular shall not qualify as a de-tached bridge.

Any excess in the height of such a superstructure, which doesnot extend to the after perpendicular, cannot be regarded ascontributing to the sheer allowance contemplated in Regula-tion 38(12)(L100).

(IACS LL28)

L. Sheer

L 100 Regulation 38General

1) The sheer shall be measured from the deck at side to a lineof reference drawn parallel to the keel through the sheerline amidships.

2) In ships designed with a rake of keel, the sheer shall bemeasured in relation to a reference line drawn parallel tothe design load waterline.

3) In flush deck ships and in ships with detached superstruc-tures the sheer shall be measured at the freeboard deck.

4) In ships with top sides of unusual form in which there is atstep or break in the top sides, the sheer shall be consideredin relation to the equivalent depth amidships.

5) In ships with a superstructure of standard height which ex-tends over the whole length of the freeboard deck, thesheer shall be measured at the superstructure deck.Where the height exceeds the standard the least difference(Z) between the actual and standard heights shall be add-ed to each end ordinate. Similarly, the intermediate ordi-nates at distances L/6 and L/3 from each perpendicularshall be increased by 0.444 Z and 0.111 Z respectively.

6) Where the deck of an enclosed superstructure has at leastthe same sheer as the exposed freeboard deck, the sheerof the enclosed portion of the freeboard deck shall not betaken into account.

7) Where an enclosed poop or forecastle is of standard heightwith greater sheer than that of the freeboard deck, or is ofmore than standard height, an addition to the sheer of thefreeboard deck shall be made as provided in paragraph(12) of this Regulation.

Standard Sheer Profile

8) The ordinates of the standard sheer profile are given in thefollowing table:

Measurement of variation from Standard Sheer Profile

9) Where the sheer profile differs from the standard, the fourordinates of each profile in the forward or after half shall bemultiplied by the appropriate factors given in the table ofordinates. The difference between the sums of the respec-tive products and those of the standard divided by 8 meas-ures the deficiency or excess of sheer in the forward or

after half. The arithmetical mean of the excess or deficien-cy in the forward and after halves measures the excess ordeficiency of sheer.

10) Where the after half of the sheer profile is greater than thestandard and the forward half is less than the standard, nocredit shall be allowed for the part in excess and deficiencyonly shall be measured.

11) Where the forward half of the sheer profile exceeds thestandard and the after portion of the sheer profile is notless than 75 per cent of the standard, credit shall be al-lowed for the part in excess; where the after part is lessthan 50 per cent of the standard no credit shall be given forthe excess sheer forward. Where the after sheer is be-tween 50 per cent and 75 per cent of the standard, inter-mediate allowances may be granted for excess sheerforward.

12) Where sheer credit is given for a poop or forecastle the fol-lowing formula shall be used:

where

s = sheer credit, to be deducted from the deficiency oradded to the excess of sheer,

y = difference between actual and standard height ofsuperstructure at the after or forward perpendicular,

L ' = mean enclosed length of poop or forecastle up to amaximum length of 0.5 L

L = length of ship as defined in Regulation 3(1) (Sec.1D100) of this Annex.

The above formula provides a curve in the form of a parab-ola tangent to the actual sheer curve at the freeboard deckand intersecting the end ordinate at a point below the su-perstructure deck a distance equal to the standard heightof a superstructure. The superstructure deck shall not beless than standard height above this curve at any point.This curve shall be used in determining the sheer profile forforward and after halves of the ship.

Correction for Variations from Standard Sheer Profile

13) The correction for sheer shall be the deficiency or excessof sheer (see paragraphs (9) to (12) inclusive of this Reg-ulation), multiplied by:

where S is the total length of enclosed superstructures.

Addition for Deficiency in Sheer

14) Where the sheer is less than the standard, the correctionfor deficiency in sheer (see paragraph (13) of this Regula-tion) shall be added to the freeboard.

Deduction for Excess Sheer

15) In ships where an enclosed superstructure covers 0.1 Lbefore and 0.1 L abaft amidships, the correction for excessof sheer as calculated under the provisions of paragraph13 of this Regulation shall be deducted from the freeboard;in ships where no en closed superstructure covers amid-ships, no deduction shall be made from the freeboard;where an enclosed superstructure covers less than 0.1 Lbefore and 0.1 L abaft amidships, the deduction shall beobtained by linear interpolation. The maximum deductionfor excess sheer shall be at the rate of 125 mm per 100 mof length.

L 200 Superimposed and enclosed poop or forecastle201 In applying Regulation 38(5) (sheer on a complete su-perstructure ship) where there is an enclosed poop or forecastlesuperimposed on a complete superstructure, sheer credit shallbe allowed for such a poop or forecastle, according to themethod of Regulation 38(12) as shown in Fig. 4.

Standard sheer profileStation Ordinate (mm) Factor

After half After perpendicu-lar (A.P.) 25 (L/3 + 10) 1

L/6 from A.P. 11.1 (L/3 + 10) 3L/3 from A.P. 2.8 (L/3 + 10) 3

Amidships 0 1Forward half Amidships 0 1

L/3 from F.P. 5.6 (L/3 + 10) 3L/6 from F.P. 22.2 (L/3 + 10) 3

Forward perpen-dicular (F.P.) 50 (L/3 + 10) 1

sy3---L′

L-----=

0 75S

2L-------–,


DET NORSKE VERITAS

Fig. 4

In applying Regulation 38(7) and 38(12) where a poop or fore-castle consists of two layers, the method shown in Fig. 5 shallbe used.

Fig. 5

In the above the following definitions apply:

Z is as per Reg. 38(5).

Zv is the end ordinate of a virtual standard parabolic curve tak-en through the point «X» If Zv is greater than (Z+h), the endordinate shall be (Z+h), in which case point «X» shall be dis-regarded and curve (2) not taken into account.

When the length of the first tier superstructure is greater than0.5 L, the virtual standard parabolic curve shall commence atamidships as indicated in Fig. 4.

(IACS LL29 to Reg. 38.5, 38.7 and 38.12)

L 300 Raised quarter deck301 As Regulation 38(7) and (12) does not refer to a raisedquarterdeck it is recommended that credit under this paragraphbe given for this type of superstructure only when the height ofthe raised quarterdeck is greater than the standard height of«other superstructures» as defined in Regulation 33, and onlyfor the amount by which the actual height of the raised quarter-deck exceeds that standard height.

(IACS LL30 to Reg. 38.7 and 38.12)

L 400 Sloping ends401 When a poop or a forecastle has sloping end, the sheercredit may be allowed on account of excess height, the formulagiven in Regulation 38(12) shall be used, the values for y andL' being as shown in H300 Fig. 3.


L 500 Height of superstructure501 Since no stipulation is made as to the height of the super-structure referred to in Regulation 38(15), it is recommendedthat the height of this superstructure shall be related to itsstandard height. When the height if the superstructure or raisedquarterdeck is less than standard, the reduction shall be in theratio of the actual to the standard height thereof.


502 Where the height of a superstructure is less than stand-ard, paragraph 12 may be applied except that the superstruc-ture deck shall not be less than the minimum height of thesuperstructure above the virtual sheer curve at any point.

For this purpose y shall be taken as the difference between theactual and minimum height of the superstructure at the end ofsheer.

(IACS LL16)

L 600 Length of trunk601 Where the length of a trunk, corrected for breadth andheight as may be appropriate, can be included in the effectivelength used for calculating the correction for superstructures inaccordance with Regulation 37, it shall not be taken into ac-count for calculating the total length S for the purpose of sheercorrection according to Regulation 38(13).

(IACS LL41)

M. Minimum Bow Height

M 100 Regulation 39

1) The bow height defined as the vertical distance at the for-ward perpendicular between the waterline correspondingto the assigned summer freeboard and the designed trimand the top of the exposed deck at side shall be not lessthan:for ships below 250 m in length,

for ships of 250 m and above in length,

where

L = the length of the ship in m,Cb = the block coefficient which is to be taken as not less

than 0.68

2) Where the bow height required in paragraph (1) of thisRegulation is obtained by sheer, the sheer shall extend forat least 15% of the length of the ship measured from theforward perpendicular. Where it is obtained by fitting a su-perstructure, such superstructure shall extend from thestem to a point at least 0.07 L abaft the forward perpendic-ular, and it shall comply with the following requirements:

a) for ships not over 100 m in length it shall be enclosedas defined in Regulation 3(10) (Sec.1 D100), and

b) for ships over 100 m in length it need not comply withRegulation 3(10) (Sec.1 D100), but shall be fitted withclosing appliances to the satisfaction of the Adminis-tration.

For superstructure ends, see Ch.1 Sec.11 B or Ch.2 Sec.11B.

3) Ships which, to suit exceptional operational requirements,cannot meet the requirements of paragraphs (1) and (2) ofthis Regulation may be given special consideration by theAdministration.

M 200 Interpretations201 On ships to which timber freeboards are assigned Regu-lation 39 should relate to the summer load waterline and not tothe timber summer load waterline.

(IACS LL43)

56 L 1L

500---------–� �

� � 1 36,Cb 0 68,+------------------------- millimetres

70001 36,

Cb 0 68,+------------------------- millimetres


DET NORSKE VERITAS

202 When calculating the bow height, the sheer of the fore-castle deck may be taken into account, even if the length of theforecastle is less than 0.15 L, but greater than 0.07 L, providedthat the forecastle height is not less than one half of standardheight of superstructure as defined in Regulation 33 (G100)between 0.07 L and the forward terminal.

203 Where the forecastle height is less than one half of stand-ard height of superstructure, as defined in Regulation 33(G100), the credited bow height may be determined as follows(Figs. 6 and 7 illustrate the intention of 1 and 2 respectively):

1. When the freeboard deck has sheer extending from abaft0.15 L, by a parabolic curve having its origin at 0.15 L abaftthe forward terminal at a height equal to the midship depth ofthe ship, extended through the point of intersection of forecas-tle bulkhead and deck, and up to a point at the forward terminalnot higher than the level of the forecastle deck. However, if thevalue of the height denoted ht on Fig. 6 is smaller than the val-ue of the height denoted hb, then ht may be replaced by hb inthe available bow height.

2. When the freeboard deck has sheer extending for less than0.15 L or has no sheer, by a line from the forecastle deck at sideat 0.07 L extended parallel to the base line to the forward ter-minal.

(IACS LL38)

Fig. 6Forecastle, procedure 1

Fig. 7Forecastle, procedure 2

hf = half standard height of superstructure as defined inRegulation 33

ht =

N. Minimum Freeboard

N 100 Regulation 40Summer Freeboard

1) The minimum freeboard in summer shall be the freeboardderived from the tables in Regulation 28 (B100) as modi-fied by the corrections in Regulations 27 (A100), as appli-cable, 29(C100), 30(D100), 31(E100), 32(F100),37(K100), 38(L100) and, if applicable, 39 (M100).

2) The freeboard in salt water, as calculated in accordancewith paragraph (1) of this Regulation, but without the cor-rection for deck line, as provided by Regulation 32 (F100),shall not be less than 50 mm. For ships having in position1 hatchways with covers which do not comply with the re-quirements of Regulations 15(7), 16 or 26 (Ch.1 Sec.11 Eand N), the freeboard shall be not less than 150 mm.

Tropical Freeboard

3) The minimum freeboard in the Tropical Zone shall be thefreeboard obtained by a deduction from the summer free-board of one forty-eighth of the summer draught measuredfrom the top of the keel to the centre of the ring of the loadline mark.

4) The freeboard in salt water as calculated in accordancewith paragraph (3) of this Regulation, but without the cor-rection for deck line, as provided by Regulation 32 (F100),shall not be less than 50 mm. For ships having in position1 hatchways with covers which do not comply with the re-quirements of Regulations 15 (7), 16 or 26 (Ch.1 Sec.11 Eand N), the freeboard shall be not less than 150 mm.

Winter Freeboard

5) The minimum freeboard in winter shall be the freeboardobtained by an addition to the summer freeboard of oneforty-eighth of summer draught, measured from the top ofthe keel to the centre of the ring of the load line mark.

Winter North Atlantic Freeboard

6) The minimum freeboard for ships of not more than 100 min length, which enter any part of the North Atlantic definedin Regulation 52 (Sec.5 H100) during the winter seasonalperiod, shall be the winter freeboard plus 50 mm. For otherships, the Winter North Atlantic Freeboard shall be the win-ter freeboard.

Fresh Water Freeboard

7) The minimum freeboard in fresh water of unit density shallbe obtained by deducting from the minimum freeboard insalt water:

where

∆ = displacement in salt water in tons at the summer loadwaterline,

T = tons per centimetre immersion in salt water at the sum-mer load waterline.

8) Where the displacement at the summer load waterlinecannot be certified, the deduction shall be one forty-eighthof summer draught, measured from the top of the keel tothe centre of the ring of the load line mark.

When the geometric freeboard calculated in accordance withparagraph (1) is less than the minimum freeboard allowed byparagraph (2) of this Regulation, the corrections for winterfreeboard and Winter North Atlantic freeboard should be add-ed to the allowed minimum summer freeboard and not to thecalculated value. Similarly, the allowance for fresh watershould be a deduction from the allowed minimum summerfreeboard. (IMO interpretation).Zb

0 15L,xb

----------------� ��

2Zt–

∆40T---------- centimetres


DET NORSKE VERITAS

Guidance note:For treatment of stepped freeboard deck and moonpools, seeSec.1 D200 and D400.



DET NORSKE VERITAS

SECTION 4SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SHIPS ASSIGNED TIMBER FREEBOARDS

A. Application

A 100 Regulation 41Applications of this Chapter

Regulations 42 to 45 (B100 to E100) inclusive apply only toships to which timber load lines are assigned.

B. Definitions

B 100 Regulation 42

1) Timber Deck Cargo. The term "timber deck cargo" meansa cargo of timber carried on an uncovered part of a free-board or superstructure deck. The term does not includewood pulp or similar cargo.

2) Timber Load Line. A timber deck cargo may be regarded asgiving a ship a certain additional buoyancy and a greaterdegree of protection against the sea. For that reason, shipscarrying a timber deck cargo may be granted a reduction offreeboard calculated according to the provisions of Regu-lation 45 (E100) and marked on the ship's side in accord-ance with the provisions of Regulation 6(3) and (4) (Sec.1E300). However, in order that such special freeboard maybe granted and used, the timber deck cargo shall complywith certain conditions which are laid down in Regulation44 (D100), and the ship itself shall also comply with certainconditions relating to its construction which are set out inRegulation 43 (C100).

C. Construction of Ship

C 100 Regulation 43Superstructure

1) Ships shall have a forecastle of at least standard heightand a length of at least 0.07 L. In addition, if the ship is lessthan 100 m in length, a poop of at least standard height, ora raised quarter deck with either a deckhouse or a strongsteel hood of at least the same total height shall be fittedaft.

Double Bottom Tanks

2) Double bottom tanks where fitted within the midship halflength of the ship shall have adequate watertight longitudi-nal sub-division.

Bulwarks

3) The ship shall be fitted either with permanent bulwarks atleast 1 metre in height, specially stiffened on the upperedge and supported by strong bulwark stays attached tothe deck and provided with necessary freeing ports, or withefficient rails of the same height and of specially strongconstruction.

D. Stowage

D 100 Regulation 44General

1) Openings in the weather deck over which cargo is stowedshall be securely closed and battened down.

The ventilators and air pipes shall be efficiently protected.

2) Timber deck cargoes shall extend over at least the entireavailable length which is the total length of the well or wellsbetween superstructures.

Where there is no limiting superstructure at the after end,the timber shall extend at least to the after end of the after-most hatchway.

The timber deck cargo shall extend athwartships as closeas possible to the ship's side, due allowance being madefor obstructions such as guard rails, bulwark stays, up-rights, pilot access, etc., provided any gap thus created atthe side of the ship shall not exceed a mean of 4% of thebreadth. The timber shall be stowed as solidly as possibleto at least the standard height of the superstructure otherthan any raised quarterdeck.

3) On a ship within a seasonal winter zone in winter, theheight of the deck cargo above the weather deck shall notexceed one third of the extreme breadth of the ship.

4) The timber deck cargo shall be compactly stowed, lashedand secured. It shall not interfere in any way with the nav-igation and necessary work of the ship.

Uprights

5) Uprights, when required by the nature of the timber, shallbe of adequate strength considering the breadth of theship; the strength of the uprights shall not exceed thestrength of the bulwark and the spacing shall be suitablefor the length and character of timber carried, but shall notexceed 3 m. Strong angles or metal sockets or equally ef-ficient means shall be provided for securing the uprights.

Lashings

6) Timber deck cargo shall be effectively secured throughoutits length by a lashing system acceptable to the Adminis-tration for the character of the timber carried. *

Stability

7) Provision shall be made for a safe margin of stability at allstages of the voyage, regard being given to additions ofweight, such as those arising from absorption of water oricing, if applicable, and to losses of weight such as thosearising from consumption of fuel and stores. *

* Reference is made to the Code of Safe Practice forShips Carrying Timber Deck Cargoes, 1991, adopt-ed by the IMO as Resolution A.715(17).

Protection of crew, access to machinery spaces, etc.

8) In addition to the requirements of regulation 25(5), guard-rails or lifelines not more than 350 mm apart vertically shallbe provided on each side of the cargo deck to a height ofat least 1 m above the cargo. In addition a lifeline, prefera-bly wire rope set up taut with a stretching screw, shall beprovided as near as practicable to the centreline of theship. The stanchion supports to all guard-rails and lifelinesshall be so spaced as to prevent undue sagging. Wherethe cargo is uneven a safe walking surface of not less than600 mm in width shall be fitted over the cargo and effec-tively secured beneath or adjacent to the lifeline.

9) Where the requirements prescribed in paragraph (8) areimpracticable, alternative arrangements satisfactory to theAdministration shall be used.

Steering arrangements

10) Steering arrangements shall be effectively protected fromdamage by cargo and, as far as practicable, shall be ac-cessible. Efficient provision shall be made for steering inthe event of a breakdown in the main steering arrange-ments.


DET NORSKE VERITAS

E. Computation of Freeboard

E 100 Regulation 45

1) The minimum summer freeboards shall be computed in ac-cordance with Regulations 27(5), 27(6), 27(11), 28, 29, 3031, 32 (Sec.3 A100 to F100), 37 and 38 (Sec.3 H100 and I100), except that Regulation 37 (Sec.3 H100) is modifiedby substituting the following percentages for those given inRegulation 37:

2) The Winter Timber Freeboard shall be obtained by addingto the Summer Timber Freeboard on thirty-sixth of themoulded summer timber draught.

3) The Winter North Atlantic Timber Freeboard shall be thesame as the Winter North Atlantic Freeboard prescribed inRegulation 40 (6) (Sec.3 N100).

4) The Tropical Timber Freeboard shall be obtained by de-ducting from the Summer Timber Freeboard one forty-eightof the moulded summer timber draught.

5) The Fresh Water Timber Freeboard shall be computed inaccordance with Regulation 40(7) based on the summertimber load waterline, or with Regulation 40(8) (Sec.3N100), based on the summer timber draught measuredfrom the top of the keel to the Summer Timber Load Line.

E 200 Interpretations

201 It is understood that some Administrations accept thattimber freeboards may be assigned to ships with reduced TypeB freeboards, provided the timber freeboards are calculated onthe basis of the ordinary Type B freeboard.

It is recommended that Regulation 45(2) and (3) is interpretedor, if necessary, amended such that the Timber Winter markand/or the Timber Winter North Atlantic mark are placed at thesame level as the reduced Type B Winter mark when the com-puted Timber Winter mark and/or the computed Timber Win-ter North Atlantic mark fall below the reduced Type B Wintermark.

(IACS LL33)

202 It is recommended that for the purpose of applying Reg-ulation 45 the timber deck cargo shall extend as far as outboardas possible due allowance being given for obstructions such asguard rail, stanchions, uprights, etc.

(IACS LL35)

Total effective length of super-structures

Percentage of deduction for alltypes of superstructure

0 200.1 L 310.2 L 420.3 L 530.4 L 640.5 L 700.6 L 760.7 L 820.8 L 880.9 L 941.0 L 100

Percentages at intermediate lengths of superstructures shall beobtained by linear interpolation.


DET NORSKE VERITAS

SECTION 5ZONES, AREAS AND SEASONAL PERIODS

A. Zones, Areas and Seasonal Periods

A 100 General101 The zones and areas in this section are, in general, basedon the following criteria:

Summer — not more than 10 per cent winds of force 8 Beau-fort (34 knots) or more.

Tropical — not more than 1 per cent winds of force 8 Beaufort(34 knots) or more. Not more than one tropical storm in 10years in an area of 5°, square in any one separate calendarmonth.

In certain special areas, for practical reasons, some degree ofrelaxation has been found acceptable.

A chart is attached to this section to illustrate the zones and ar-eas defined in B to H.

B. Northern Winter Seasonal Zones and Area

B 100 Regulation 46

1) North Atlantic Winter Seasonal Zones I and II

a) The North Atlantic Winter Seasonal Zone I lies withinthe meridian of longitude 50°W from the coast ofGreenland to latitude 45°N, thence the parallel of lati-tude 45°N to longitude 15°W, thence the meridian oflongitude 15°W to latitude 60°N, thence the parallel oflatitude 60°N to the Greenwich Meridian, thence thismeridian northwards.Seasonal periods:WINTER: 16 October to 15 AprilSUMMER: 16 April to 15 October

b) The North Atlantic Winter Seasonal Zone II lies withinthe meridian of longitude 68 30'W from the coast of theUnited States to latitude 40°N, thence the rhumb lineto the point latitude 36°N, longitude 73°W, thence theparallel of latitude 36°N to longitude 25°W and thencethe rhumb line to Cape Torinana.Excluded from this Zone are the North Atlantic WinterSeasonal Zone I, the North Atlantic Winter SeasonalArea and the Baltic Sea bounded by the parallel of thelatitude of The Skaw in the Skagerrak. The ShetlandIslands are to be considered as being on the boundaryof the North Atlantic Winter Seasonal Zones I and II.Seasonal periods:WINTER: 1 November to 31 MarchSUMMER: 1 April to 31 October

2) North Atlantic Winter Seasonal AreaThe boundary of the North Atlantic Winter Seasonal Areais —the meridian of longitude 68°30'W from the coast of theUnited States to latitude 40°N, thence the rhumb line to thesouthernmost intersection of the meridian of longitude61°W with the coast of Canada and thence the east coastof Canada and the United States.Seasonal periods:For ships over 100 m in length.WINTER: 16 December to 15 FebruarySUMMER: 16 February to 15 DecemberFor ships of 100 m and under in length:WINTER: 1 November to 31 MarchSUMMER: 1 April to 31 October

3) North Pacific Winter Seasonal Zone

The southern boundary of the North Pacific Winter Season-al Zone is —the parallel of latitude 50°N from the east coast of theUSSR to the west coast of Sakhalin, thence the west coastof Sakhalin to the southern extremity of Cape Kril'on thencethe rhumb line to Wakkanai, Hokkaido, Japan, thence theeast and south coasts of Hokkaido to longitude 145°E,thence the meridian of longitude 145°E to latitude 35°N,thence the parallel of latitude 35°N to longitude 150°W andthence the rhumb line to the southern extremity of Dan Is-land, Alaska.Seasonal periods:WINTER: 16 October to 15 AprilSUMMER: 16 April to 15 October

C. Southern Winter Seasonal Zone

C 100 Regulation 47The northern boundary of the Southern Winter Seasonal Zoneis -the rhumb line from the east coast of the American continent atCape Tres Puntas to the point latitude 34°S, longitude 50°W,thence the parallel of latitude 34°S to longitude 17°E, thencethe rhumb line to the point latitude 35°10'S, longitude 20°E,thence the rhumb line to the point latitude 34°S, longitude 28°E,thence along the rhumb line to the point latitude 35°30'S; longi-tude 118°E, and thence the rhumb line to Cape Grim on thenorthwest coast of Tasmania; thence along the north and eastcoasts of Tasmania to the southernmost point of Bruny Island,thence the rhumb line to Black Rock Point on Stewart Island,thence the rhumb line to the point latitude 47°S, longitude170°E, thence along the rhumb line to the point latitude 33°S;longitude 170°W, and thence the parallel of latitude 33°S to thepoint latitude 33°S, longitude 79°W, thence the rhumb line tothe point latitude 41°S, longitude 75°W, thence the rhumb lineto Punta Corona lighthouse on Chiloe Island, latitude 41°47'S,longitude 73°53'W, thence along the north, east and southcoasts of Chiloe Island to the point latitude 43°20'S, longitude74°20'W, and thence the meridian of longitude 74°20'W to theparallel of latitude 45°45'S, including the inner zone of Chiloechannels from the meridian 74°20'W to the east.

Seasonal periods :

WINTER: 16 April to 15 October.

SUMMER: 16 October to 15 April.

D. Tropical Zone

D 100 Regulation 48

1) Northern Boundary of the Tropical ZoneThe northern boundary of the Tropical Zone is —the parallel of latitude 13°N from the east coast of theAmerican continent to longitude 60°W, thence the rhumbline to the point latitude 10°N, longitude 58°W, thence theparallel of latitude 10°N to longitude 20°W, thence the me-ridian of longitude 20°W to latitude 30°N and thence theparallel of latitude 30°N to the west coast of Africa; from theeast coast of Africa the parallel of latitude 8°N to longitude70°E, thence the meridian of longitude 70°E to latitude13°N, thence the parallel of latitude 13°N to the west coastof India, thence the south coast of India to latitude 10°30'Non the east coast of India, thence the rhumb line to thepoint latitude 9°N, longitude 82°E, thence the meridian oflongitude 82°E to latitude 8°N, thence the parallel of lati-tude 8°N to the west coast of Malaysia, thence the coast ofSouth-East Asia to the east coast of Vietnam at latitude


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10°N, thence the parallel of latitude 10°N to longitude 45°E,thence the meridian of longitude 145°E to latitude 13°N andthence the parallel of latitude 13°N to the west coast of theAmerican continent.Saigon is to be considered as being on the boundary lineof the Tropical Zone and the Seasonal Tropical Area.

2) Southern Boundary of the Tropical Zone.The southern boundary of the Tropical Zone is -the rhumb line from the Port of Santos, Brazil, to the pointwhere the meridian of longitude 40°W intersects the Tropicof Capricorn; thence the Tropic of Capricorn to the westcoast of Africa; from the east coast of Africa the parallel oflatitude 20°S to the west coast of Madagascar, thence thewest and north coasts of Madagascar to longitude 50°E,thence the meridian of longitude 50°E to latitude 10°S,thence the parallel of latitude 10°S to longitude 98°E,thence the rhumb line to Port Darwin, Australia, thence thecoasts of Australia and Wessel Island eastwards to CapeWessel, thence the parallel of latitude 11°S to the west sideof Cape York; from the east side of Cape York the parallelof latitude 11°S to longitude 150°W, thence the rhumb lineto the point latitude 26°S, longitude 75°W, thence therhumb line to the point latitude 32°47'S, longitude 72°W,and thence to the parallel of latitude 32°47'S to the westcoast of South America.Valparaiso and Santos are to be considered as being onthe boundary line of the Tropical and Summer Zones.

3) Areas to be included in the Tropical ZoneThe following areas to be treated as included in the Tropi-cal Zone:

a) The Suez Canal, the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden,from Port Said to the meridian of longitude 45°E.Aden and Berbera are to be considered as being onthe boundary line of the Tropical Zone and the Sea-sonal Tropical Area.

b) The Persian Gulf to the meridian of longitude 59°E.

c) The area bounded by the parallel of latitude 22°S fromthe east coast of Australia to the Great Barrier Reef,thence the Great Barrier Reef to latitude 11°S. Thenorthern boundary of the area is the southern bounda-ry of the Tropical Zone.

E. Seasonal Tropical Areas

E 100 Regulation 49The following are Seasonal Tropical Areas:

1) In the North AtlanticAn area bounded —on the north by the rhumb line from Cape Catoche, Yucat-an, to Cape San Antonio, Cuba, the north coast of Cuba tolatitude 20°N and thence the parallel of latitude 20°N to lon-gitude 20°W:on the west by the coast of the American continent,on the south and east by the northern boundary of theTropical Zone.Seasonal periods:TROPICAL: 1 November to 15 JulySUMMER: 16 July to 31 October

2) In the Arabian SeaAn area bounded —on the west by the coast of Africa, the meridian of longitude45°E in the Gulf of Aden, the coast of South Arabia and themeridian of longitude 59°E in the Gulf of Oman;on the north and east by the coasts of Pakistan and India;on the south by the northern boundary of the TropicalZone.Seasonal periods:TROPICAL: 1 September to 31 MaySUMMER: 1 June to 31 August

3) In the Bay of BengalThe Bay of Bengal north of the northern boundary of theTropical Zone.Seasonal periods:TROPICAL: 1 December to 30 AprilSUMMER: 1 May to 30 November

4) In the South Indian Ocean

a) An area bounded —on the north and west by the southern boundary of theTropical Zone and the east coast of Madagascar;on the south by the parallel of latitude 20°S;on the east by the rhumb line from the point latitude20°S, longitude 50°E, to the point latitude 15°S, longi-tude 51°30'E, and then by the meridian of longitude51°30'E to latitude 10°S.Seasonal periods:TROPICAL: 1 April to 30 NovemberSUMMER: 1 December to 31 March

b) An area bounded —on the north by the southern boundary of the TropicalZone;on the east by the coast of Australia;on the south by the parallel of latitude 15°S from longi-tude 51°30'E, to longitude 114°E and thence the me-ridian of longitude 114°E to the coast of Australia;on the west by the meridian of longitude 51°30'E.Seasonal periods:TROPICAL: 1 May to 30 NovemberSUMMER: 1 December to 30 April

5) In the China SeaAn area bounded —on the west and north by the coasts of Vietnam and Chinafrom latitude 10°N to Hong Kong;on the east by the rhumb line from Hong Kong to the Portof Sual (Luzon Island) and the west coasts of the Islands ofLuzon, Samar and Leyte to latitude 10°N;on the south by the parallel of latitude 10°N. Hong Kongand Sual are to be considered as being on the boundary ofthe Seasonal Tropical Area and Summer Zone.Seasonal periods:TROPICAL: 21 January to 30 AprilSUMMER: 1 May to 20 January

6) In the North Pacific

a) An area bounded —on the north by the parallel of latitude 25°N;on the west by the meridian of longitude 160°E;on the south by the parallel of latitude 13°N;on the east by the meridian of longitude 130°W.Seasonal periods:TROPICAL: 1 April to 31 OctoberSUMMER: 1 November to 31 March

b) An area bounded —on the north and east by the west coast of the Ameri-can continent:on the west to the meridian of longitude 123°W fromthe coast of the American continent to latitude 33°Nand by the rhumb line from the point latitude 33°N, lon-gitude 123°W, to the point latitude 13°N, longitude105°W;on the south by the parallel of latitude 13°N.Seasonal periods:TROPICAL: 1 March to 30 June and 1 November to 30NovemberSUMMER: 1 July to 31 October and 1 December to 28/29 February

7) In the South Pacific

a) The Gulf of Carpentaria south of latitude 11°S.


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Seasonal periods:TROPICAL: 1 April to 30 NovemberSUMMER: 1 December to 31 March

b) An area bounded —on the north and east by the southern boundary of theTropical zone;on the south by the Tropic of Capricorn from the eastcoast of Australia to longitude 150°W, thence by themeridian of longitude 150°W to latitude 20°S andthence by the parallel of latitude 20°S to the pointwhere it intersects the southern boundary of the Trop-ical zone;on the west by the boundaries of the area within theGreat Barrier Reef included in the Tropical Zone andby the east coast of Australia.Seasonal periods:TROPICAL: 1 April to 30 NovemberSUMMER: 1 December to 31 March.

F. Summer Zones

F 100 Regulation 50The remaining areas constitute the Summer Zones.

However, for ships of 100 m and under in length, the areabounded —

on the north and west by the east coast of United States;on the east by the meridian of longitude 68°30'W from the coastof the United States to latitude 40°N and thence by the rhumbline to the point latitude 36°N, longitude 73°W;

on the south by the parallel of latitude 36°N; is a Winter Sea-sonal Area.

Seasonal periods:

WINTER: 1 November to 31 MarchSUMMER: 1 April to 21 October

G. Enclosed Sea

G 100 Regulation 51

1) Baltic SeaThis sea bounded by the parallel of latitude of The Skaw inthe Skagerrak is included in the Summer Zones.However, for ships of 100 m and under in length, it is a Win-ter Seasonal Area.Seasonal periods:WINTER: 1 November to 31 MarchSUMMER: 1 April to 31 October

2) Black SeaThis sea is included in the Summer Zones.However, for ships of 100 m and under in length, the areanorth of latitude 44°N is a Winter Seasonal Area.Seasonal periods:WINTER: 1 December to 28/29 FebruarySUMMER: 1 March to 30 November

3) MediterraneanThis sea is included in Summer Zones.However, for ships of 100 m and under in length, the areabounded —

on the north and west by the coasts of France and Spainand the meridian of longitude 3°E from the coast of Spainto latitude 40°N;on the south by the parallel of latitude 40°N from longitude3°E to the west coast of Sardinia;on the east by the west and north coasts of Sardinia fromlatitude 40°N to longitude 9°E thence by the meridian oflongitude 9°E to the south coast of Corsica, thence by thewest and north coasts of Corsica to longitude 9°E andthence by the rhumb line to Cape Sici ;is a Winter Seasonal Area.Seasonal periods:WINTER: 16 December to 15 MarchSUMMER: 16 March to 15 December

4) Sea of JapanThis sea south of latitude 50°N is included in the SummerZones.However, for ships of 100 m and under in length, the areabetween the parallel of latitude 50°N and the rhumb linefrom the east coast of Korea at latitude 38°N to the west ofHokkaidos, Japan, at latitude 43°12'N is a Winter SeasonalArea.Seasonal periods:WINTER: 1 December to 28/29 FebruarySUMMER: 1 March to 30 November

H. The Winter North Atlantic Load Line

H 100 Regulation 52The part of the North Atlantic referred to on Regulation 40(6)(Annex I) comprises:

a) that part of the North Atlantic Winter Seasonal Zone II liesbetween the meridians of 15°W and 50°W;

b) the whole of the North Atlantic Winter Seasonal Zone I, theShetland Islands to be considered as being on the bound-ary.

I. Corrections to the chart

I 100 General

101 The following corrections should be made toh the chart:

The southern border line of the southern summer zone east ofthe point latitude 33°S, longitude 79°W to the west coast of theAmerican continent is deleted. A rhumb line from the point lat-itude 33°S, longitude 79°W to the point latitude 41°S, longi-tude 75°W is inserted. From there a rhumb line to PuntaCorona lighthouse on Chiloe Island latitude 41°47'S, longitude73°53' W is inserted. From there the north, east and south coastof Chiloe Island is marked as border to the point latitude 43°20'S, longitude 74°20'W. The meridian of longitude 74°20'W tothe parallel of latitude 45°45'S and then this parallel to the westcoast of South America are marked.

The rhumb line from the point latitude 26°S, longitude 75°Wto the west coast of South America at latitude 30° S is deletedfrom the southern boundary of the tropical zone. A rhumb linefrom the point latitude 26°S, longitude 75°W to the point lati-tude 32°47'S, longitude 72°W and then the parallel of latitude32°47'S to the west coast of South America are inserted.


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Fig. 1Chart of zones and seasonal areas

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