Page 1
CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
11 Background
These days the transportation planning issues faced by most Asian cities include rapid
urbanization and motorization which is leading to sharp increase in travel demand whereas the
supply has largely remained unmatched with demand So trip generation and trip attraction is
important to the traffic engineer and planner in considering the impact of new development such as
office complex shopping centre and residential development New development leads a
various impact to the peoplersquos daily activities For example the impacts of surrounding
roadway network tend to make people moving far from one place to another place Road length
is increasing and road network patterns change according to the accessibility needs of people
and desire to reach their destinations Hence new development will increase the travel demand
with there also increase the vehicles
Trip attraction is obviously most pertinent relative to traffic at specific land use activity It also
plays a role in many phases of transportation planning and traffic engineering related activities It is
the part of trip generation in the travel-forecasting process It involves the estimation of the total
number of trips entering a parcel of land as a function of the socioeconomic location and land-
use characteristics of the parcel In the reliable sector urban transportation covers the
movement of both people and goods within an urban area At the individual level urban
transportation can be characterized by a trip However at the metropolitan area level millions of
these individual trips define urban transportation
A trip as a journey made by an individual between two different points Each trip is performed
using one or multiple transportation modes for a defined purpose at a given time Although a
trip may involve more than one purpose it is usually identified by its principal purpose (Hobbs
1979) Trip generation analysis as Meyer (1974) puts it seeks to estimate the volume of trips
that will be made by individuals to work shopping school and so forth but not the flows
between points within the whole system The functioning of metropolitan cities is highly
dependent on the movement of people goods and information (Muller 1995) and trip attraction
1
studies are a vital part of transportation planning due to the recursive nature of urban
transportation modeling procedure (Bruton 1986 Badoe and Steuart 1997)
Personal trips are commonly classified based on their main purpose (Barber 1995) work trips
shopping trips social trips recreational trips school trips home trips and business trips Among
all trip purposes work trips are the most numerous followed by shopping trips (Vickerman
and Barmby 1984) which count approximately for 40 of all trips generated in North
American metropolitan areas (Barber 1995) A very few studies have been done in about
shopping trip attraction in Dhaka city This study focuses on shopping trip attraction in
Dhaka city area specially in Dhanmondi area
12 Problem Statement
The Trip Attractions Rate of a shopping center (Shopping Center) is influenced by a number of
factors including time of the day day of the week seasonality weather configuration and
composition of the Shopping Center Peaking is caused by business and social characteristics The
most typical time for shopping during the weekday is after work in particular 4 to 7 PM on
Fridays attracts the most number of customers on a weekday In addition Saturdays and
Sundays are very busy periods for Shopping Centers having a supermarket and discount stores
In general there is a large variation in the number of people arriving at the Shopping Center
Shopping Center even during the same time period over different fifteen-minute intervals This
variation is more clearly shown in Table 37 to table of Chapter 3 where in the Trip Attraction
(TA) of a Shopping Center for two different days during the same time period are shown As
a result the sample size becomes very important particularly when significant fluctuations
exist in the number of trips to the Shopping Center The need for a large sample space and the
highly inconsistent nature of the Trip Attraction makes the estimation of Trip Attractions Rate of
the Shopping Center a very complex process
The ITE handbook has been the main reference material in the transportation planning
community when estimating Trip Attraction of an activity center Although the ITE Trip
Generation Manual (1997) is a concise and easy to use reference the models for Shopping
Center do not consider some of the features of Shopping Center Shopping Center such as the
2
number of stores the number of the parking spaces and the location of the Shopping Centers
that can have significant influence on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Centers As a
result the Trip Attraction Rate estimated cannot be made specific to a Shopping Center On the
other hands The ITE Trip Generation Manual (1997) offers the Trip Attraction Rate for
many different types of establishment or stores when the establishment is freestanding In other
words there is no differentiation between the stores independently located or located in a
Shopping Center along with other stores The phenomenon of trip chaining in which a customer
visits more than one store during one trip to a Shopping Center has to be taken into account for
the estimation of the TA in a Shopping Center
It is difficult to consider all the factors influencing the Trip Attraction Rate of Shopping Center
especially factors like land use characteristics of the surrounding area However other factors like
the physical features of the Shopping Center that are easy to measure and analyze should be
incorporated in the estimation of the Trip Attraction Rate In addition to this the general
procedures for estimating Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center do not consider the
effect of the type and features of the constituent stores of a Shopping Center The TA of the
constituent stores in a Shopping Center affects the level of trip chaining in the Shopping Center It
is very vital to involve the trip-chaining phenomenon in the estimation of Trip Attraction Rate of
the Shopping Center The above-mentioned points form the basis for undertaking this study
13 Aim and Objectives
The aim of this study is to determine the trip attractions of shopping centers in the Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city Through the trip attraction analysis we can determine the attraction of the
shopping trip among the shopping center in Dhaka city Then the travel demand can be estimated
from the analysis Thus to achieve the aim there are several objectives of the study listed
a To determine Trip Attraction Rate of shopping centers in Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city
b To show the trip attraction pattern and variation during peak hour o the
shopping centers
3
14 Study outcome
This research is intended to provide empirical trip attraction data for use in transportation
planning and traffic engineering studies for urban areas throughout Dhaka city This study also
provides the foundation for subsequent research to be conducted local agencies andor
private organizations to further build a comprehensive urban trip attraction database of shopping
centers
The most applicable outcome of this study is the production of quantitative information on
travel characteristics of urban land uses like shopping centers that can be used in traffic impact
studies This research is intended to establish a standardized data collection and analysis
methodology which will result in consistent information gathering in the future
15 Report Organization
The subsequent chapters of this report are organized as follows
Chapter 2 - Defines trip attraction discusses current trip attraction usage and presents sources of
trip attraction data and relevant trip attraction research
Chapter 3 - contains concept of trip rate analysis method and study data Data collection and
survey are explained in detail Data of trip attraction are gathered to be analyzed Discusses
the different data collection methods considered for this study and their challenges This
chapter provides an overview of the sites surveyed in the ldquoinitial pilotrdquo study (used to test the
chosen survey methodology) and presents an evaluation of the study sites and their
surrounding context
Chapter 4 the empirical results are presented and analyzed Trip attraction for the
Dhanmondi area is presented in a form of tables and figures The Trip Attraction Rate (Trip
Attraction Rate) using Trip Rate Analysis Method is represented and applied
Chapter 5 - Discusses the findings of the surveyed sites in brief
4
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
21 Introduction
The transportation planning process relies on travel demand forecasting Trip generation has
been identified as the first and most important step of the conventional sequential
forecasting procedure (Soslau et al 1978) Trip generation is calculated by trip production and
trip attraction Even with the exploration of new generation travel demand models such as
activity-based models the traditional four-step procedure remains the most widely used
model by transportation planning agencies because of institutional and financial requirements
(McNally 2000) So it is important to this study to understand the fundamental of trip
generation and trip attraction in order to determine the shopping trips attraction in Dhaka city In
addition to that overview of shopping system in Bangladesh generally can picture the situation in
the Dhaka city Furthermore concepts of the trip attraction modeling and trip attraction
analysis have to be understood before modeling the shopping trip attraction for Dhaka city
In the early section this chapter discussed about the trip generation as a first phase in the travel
demand forecasting model The general form of the model is depicted in Figure 21 There
are four basic phases in the traditional travel demand forecasting process which is trip
generation trip distribution modal choice and trip assignment The last section discussed the
previous study regarding trip generation in Provo Utah and Texas
5
Figure 21 The Classic Four-stage Transport Model
6
Trip generation is the process by which measures of urban activity are translated into
numbers of trips For example the number of trips that are generated by a shopping center is
quite different from the number of trips generated by an industrial complex that takes up
about the same amount of space In trip generation the transport engineers and planners
attempt to quantify the relationship between urban activity and travel The inventory data
discussed earlier is the analysts input for trip generation analysis Surveys of travelers in the
study area show the numbers and types of trips made by relating these trips to land use patterns
the analyst is able to forecast the number of trips that will be made in the future given
forecasts of population and other urban activity
After trip generation the analyst knows the numbers of trip productions and trip attractions each
zone Trip distribution procedures determine where the trips produced in each zone will go and
how they will be divided among all other zones in the study area The output is a set of tables
that show the travel flow between each pair of zones The decision on where to go is represented
by comparing the relative attractiveness and accessibility of all zones in the area A person is
more likely to travel to a nearby zone with a high level of activity than to a distant zone with a
low level of activity There are several types of trip distribution analyses which are the
Fratar method the intervening opportunity model and the gravity model
In modal choice of travel demand forecasting the phase analyze peoples decisions regarding
mode of travel (auto bus train etc) In the travel demand forecasting process mode usage
comes after trip distribution However mode usage analyses can be done at various points in
the forecasting process Mode usage analyses are also commonly done within trip generation
analyses The most common point is after trip distribution since the information on where trips
are going allows the mode usage relationship to compare the alternative transportation
services competing for users Trip assignment is the procedure by which the planner predicts the
paths the trips will take For example if a trip goes from a suburb to downtown the model
predicts which specific roads or transit routes are used The trip assignment process
begins by constructing a map representing the vehicle and transit network in the study area The
network maps show the possible paths that trips can take
7
The rationale of trip generation modeling is to determine the number of vehicle or person
trips to and from zones under consideration Trip generation modeling consists of two types
of models which is trip-production and trip attraction Trip production is defined as the home end
of home-based (HB) trips or as the origin of a non home-based (NHB) trip while trip attraction is
defined as the non home end of a HB trip or the destination of a NHB trip A trip is often
defined as a single journey made by an individual between two points by a specified or combined
modes of travel and for a defined purpose Thus trip generation analysis is the key to
obtaining future trip ends by zones The basic procedure is first to relate survey-reported trip
making to household characteristics and land use types by zone through regression or factor
analysis using single variable or multi-variable approaches The equation thus derived may then
be applied to forecast land use data
A trip is a one-way person movement by a mechanized mode of transport having two trip ends
an origin (the start of the trip) and a destination (the end of the trip) Trips are usually divided
into home-based and non-home-based Home-based trips are those having one end of the trip
(either origin or destination) at the home of the persons making the trip while non-home-based
trips are those having neither end at the home of the person making the trip Briefly it can be
summarized as for a home-based trip the zone of production is the home end of the trip while the
zone of attraction is the non home end of the trip Thus a trip from home to work and a trip from
work to home will both have a production end which is home and an attraction end which is
work For non home-based trips the production end is the origin and the attraction end is the
destination
8
Figure 22 The Relationship between OD and Production and Attraction
Once the study area has been broken into zones the next task involves quantifying the
number of trips that each zone will produce or attract The number of trips to and from an area
or zone is related to the land use activities of the zone and the socioeconomic characteristics
of the trip makers There are at least three characteristics of land use and trip-makers that
are important The density or intensity of the land use is important Many studies begin by
determining the number of dwelling employees or tenants per acre The intensity can be
related to an average number of trips per day based on experience with the type of land use
at hand Next the social and economic character of the users can influence the number of trips
that are expected Character attributes like average family income education and car
ownership influence the number of trips that will be produced by a zone Finally location plays
an important role in trip production and attraction Street congestion parking and other
environmental attributes can increase or decrease the number of trips that an area produces or
attracts
9
211 Trip Production and Trip Attraction
A trip is a movement of a person from one place (origin) to another (destination) Trip production
represents a trip starting or ending in a residential area since a trip is considered ldquoproducedrdquo at a
personrsquos residence Trip attraction (TA) represents a trip starting or ending in a non-residential area
Figure 23 shows how a person traveling from residence to an activity center generates two trip
productions and two trip attractions
Figure 23 Trip productions and trip attractions
A trip-end is the point at which a given trip starts or terminates one trip has two trip ends The
TA or the trip production ldquoraterdquo is defined as the number of trip ends per unit time per unit of
independent variables (per employee per square feet of floor area etc) Most typically however it
refers to the number of trips per day per activity center
212 Types of trips
Some basic definitions are appropriate before we address the classification of trips in detail We
will attempt to clarify the meaning of journey home based trip and non home based trip trip
production trip attraction and trip generation Journey is an out way movement from a point of
origin to a point of destination where as the word trip denotes an outward and return journey If
either origin or destination of a trip is the home of the trip maker then such trips are called home
based trips and the rest of the trips are called non home based trips Trip production is defined as
all the trips of home based or as the origin of the non home based trips
10
Figure 24 Trip Types
Trips can be classified by trip purpose trip time of the day and by person type Trip (attraction and
production) models are found to be accurate if separate models are used based on trip purpose The
trips can be classified based on the purpose of the journey as trips for work trips for education
trips for shopping trips for recreation and other trips Among these the work and education
trips are often referred as mandatory trips and the rest as discretionary trips All the above trips are
normally home based trips and constitute about 80 to 85 percent of trips The rest of the trips
namely non home based trips being a small proportion are not normally treated separately The
second way of classification is based on the time of the day when the trips are made The
broad classification is into peak trips and of peak trips The third way of classification
is based on the type of the individual who makes the trips This is important since the travel
behavior is highly influenced by the socio economic attribute of the traveler and are
normally categorized based on the income level vehicle ownership and house hold size
11
213 Factors Affecting Trip attraction
The personal trip attraction is influenced by factors such as roofed space available for industrial
commercial and other services At the zonal level zonal employment and accessibility are also
used In trip attraction modeling in addition to personal trips freight trip share also of interest
Although the latter comprises about 20 percent of trips their contribution to the congestion is
significant Freight trips are influenced by number of employees number of sales and area of
commercial firms
214 Shopping Trip Attractions
2141 Shopping mall employee and shop number
Shopping mall employee number is a factor for calculating trip attraction rate of shopping mall
Total number of shops is also calculated for developing trip attraction rate for shopping malls
These are done by surveys
2142 Gross floor area of shopping mall
Area of shopping mall is a factor readily available from maps Shopping mall gross floor area is a
more reliable indicator of shopping trip attraction which is calculated by multiplying the one
floor area and total number of floor
2143 Number of parking spaces
Number of parking spaces available for car parking is another important factor for estimating Trip
Attraction Rate
2144 Traffic Analysis Zone
The location of shopping mall also effects the trip attraction of individual Shopping Center A
traffic analysis zone is the unit of geography most commonly used in conventional
12
transportation planning models The size of a zone varies but for typical metropolitan
planning software a zone of under 3000 people is common The spatial extent of zones
typically varies in models ranging from very large areas in the exurb to as small as city blocks or
buildings in central business districts There is no technical reason why zones cannot be as
small as single buildings however additional zones add to the computational burden
Figure 25 Example of TAZ Boundaries
Zones are constructed by census block information Typically these blocks are used in
transportation models by providing socio-economic data States differ in the socio-economic
data that they attribute to the zones Most often the critical information is the number of
automobiles per household household income and employment within these zones This
information helps to further the understanding of trips that are produced and attracted within
the zone Again these zones can change or be altered as mentioned in the first paragraph
This is done typically to eliminate unneeded area to limit the computational burden
13
22 Trip Attraction Analysis
There are several general alternative structures for specifying Trip Attraction which are
i Cross-Classification
ii Regression Analysis
iii Trip Rate Analysis Method
221Cross-Classification
The Cross-Classification Analysis has become most widely accepted This procedure provides
the planner or the highway engineer a basic model structure This structure can be altered for
local situations by substituting or adding variables There are separate recommended model
structures for each type of trip as trip productions trip attraction and internal-external trip
generations
222 Trip Attraction Model Structure
In order to analyze trip attractions the number of trips attracted to certain activities is related
to a measure of the amount of that activity For example the number of trips attracted might
be related to the number of employees in a factory or the number of employees in a store The
structure of the trip attraction model relates trip ends by purpose to the amount character and
in some cases location of the activities as shown below
Table21 Trip Attraction Table
14
In the attraction model structure the amount of activity is reflected in the rate per unit measure
the character of activity by the type of activity and the location by the downtown versus other
retail employment classification
A considerable amount of research and development has focused on the area of disaggregate
models for improved travel demand forecasting The difference between the aggregate and
disaggregate techniques is mainly in the data efficiency Aggregate models are usually based upon
home interview origin and destination data that has been aggregated into zones then the
ldquoaveragerdquo zonal productions and attractions are derived The disaggregate approach is based
on large samples of household types and travel behaviors and uses data directly There are savings
in the amount of data required and some of the data can be transferred to other applications
The disaggregate approach express non-linear relationships and is more easily
understood
223 Regression analysis
Regression analysis is a technique used for the modeling and analysis of numerical data
consisting of values of a dependent variable (response variable) and of one or more independent
variables (explanatory variables) The dependent variable in the regression equation is
modeled as a function of the independent variables corresponding parameters (ldquoconstantrdquo) and
an error term The error term is treated as random variable It represents unexplained variation in
the dependent variable The parameters are estimated so as to give a ldquobest fitrdquo of the data Most
commonly the best fit is evaluated by using the least squares method but other criteria have
also been used The underlying assumptions of linear regression modeling are
The sample must be representative of the population for the inference prediction
bull The dependent variable is subject to error This error is assumed to be a random
variable with a mean of zero Systematic error may be present but its treatment is outside the
scope of regression analysis
bull The independent variable is error-free If this is not so modeling should be done using
errors-invariables model techniques
bull The predictors must be linearly independent ie must not be possible to express any
predictor as a linear combination of the others
15
bull The errors are uncorrelated that is the variance-covariance matrix of the errors is
diagonal and each non-zero element is the variance of the error
bull The variance of the error is constant If not weights should be used
bull The errors follow a normal distribution If not the generalized linear model should be
used
In linear regression the model specification is that the dependent variable yi is a linear
combination of the parameters (but need not be linear in the independent variables) For
example in simple linear regression for modeling N data points there is one independent variable xi
and two parameters β0 and β1 εi is an error term and the subscript i indexes a particular
observation Given a random sample from the population we estimate the population
parameters and obtain the sample linear regression model
yi = β0 + β1Xi + ei Equation (21)
The term ei is the residual ei = yi - yi One method of estimation is ordinary least squares
This method obtains parameter estimates that minimize the sum of squared residuals SSE
SSE = sum e2i Equation (22)
Minimization of this function results in a set of normal equations a set of
simultaneous linear equations in the parameters which are solved to yield the
parameters estimators β0 and β1 See regression coefficients for statistical properties of these
estimators In the case of simple regression the formulas for the least squares estimates are
Where x the mean (average) of the x is values and y is the mean of the y values See linear
least squares (straight line fitting) for a derivation of these formulas and a numerical example
Under the assumption that the population error has a constant variance the estimate of that
16
variance is given by
This is called the root mean square error (RMSE) of the regression The standard errors of the
parameter estimates are given
Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally
distributed the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create
confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters
224 General Linear Data Model
In the general multiple regression models there are p independent variables yi = β0 + β1X1i +hellip+
βpXpi+ εi The least square parameter estimates are obtained by p normal equations The residual can
be written as
In any case once a regression model has been constructed it is important to confirm the
goodness of fit of the model and the statistical significance of the estimated parameters
Commonly used checks of goodness of fit include the R-squared analyses of the pattern of
residuals and hypothesis testing Statistical significance is checked by an F-test of the
17
overall fit followed by t-tests of individual parameters
Table 22 Description of the Statistic Test
18
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 2
studies are a vital part of transportation planning due to the recursive nature of urban
transportation modeling procedure (Bruton 1986 Badoe and Steuart 1997)
Personal trips are commonly classified based on their main purpose (Barber 1995) work trips
shopping trips social trips recreational trips school trips home trips and business trips Among
all trip purposes work trips are the most numerous followed by shopping trips (Vickerman
and Barmby 1984) which count approximately for 40 of all trips generated in North
American metropolitan areas (Barber 1995) A very few studies have been done in about
shopping trip attraction in Dhaka city This study focuses on shopping trip attraction in
Dhaka city area specially in Dhanmondi area
12 Problem Statement
The Trip Attractions Rate of a shopping center (Shopping Center) is influenced by a number of
factors including time of the day day of the week seasonality weather configuration and
composition of the Shopping Center Peaking is caused by business and social characteristics The
most typical time for shopping during the weekday is after work in particular 4 to 7 PM on
Fridays attracts the most number of customers on a weekday In addition Saturdays and
Sundays are very busy periods for Shopping Centers having a supermarket and discount stores
In general there is a large variation in the number of people arriving at the Shopping Center
Shopping Center even during the same time period over different fifteen-minute intervals This
variation is more clearly shown in Table 37 to table of Chapter 3 where in the Trip Attraction
(TA) of a Shopping Center for two different days during the same time period are shown As
a result the sample size becomes very important particularly when significant fluctuations
exist in the number of trips to the Shopping Center The need for a large sample space and the
highly inconsistent nature of the Trip Attraction makes the estimation of Trip Attractions Rate of
the Shopping Center a very complex process
The ITE handbook has been the main reference material in the transportation planning
community when estimating Trip Attraction of an activity center Although the ITE Trip
Generation Manual (1997) is a concise and easy to use reference the models for Shopping
Center do not consider some of the features of Shopping Center Shopping Center such as the
2
number of stores the number of the parking spaces and the location of the Shopping Centers
that can have significant influence on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Centers As a
result the Trip Attraction Rate estimated cannot be made specific to a Shopping Center On the
other hands The ITE Trip Generation Manual (1997) offers the Trip Attraction Rate for
many different types of establishment or stores when the establishment is freestanding In other
words there is no differentiation between the stores independently located or located in a
Shopping Center along with other stores The phenomenon of trip chaining in which a customer
visits more than one store during one trip to a Shopping Center has to be taken into account for
the estimation of the TA in a Shopping Center
It is difficult to consider all the factors influencing the Trip Attraction Rate of Shopping Center
especially factors like land use characteristics of the surrounding area However other factors like
the physical features of the Shopping Center that are easy to measure and analyze should be
incorporated in the estimation of the Trip Attraction Rate In addition to this the general
procedures for estimating Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center do not consider the
effect of the type and features of the constituent stores of a Shopping Center The TA of the
constituent stores in a Shopping Center affects the level of trip chaining in the Shopping Center It
is very vital to involve the trip-chaining phenomenon in the estimation of Trip Attraction Rate of
the Shopping Center The above-mentioned points form the basis for undertaking this study
13 Aim and Objectives
The aim of this study is to determine the trip attractions of shopping centers in the Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city Through the trip attraction analysis we can determine the attraction of the
shopping trip among the shopping center in Dhaka city Then the travel demand can be estimated
from the analysis Thus to achieve the aim there are several objectives of the study listed
a To determine Trip Attraction Rate of shopping centers in Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city
b To show the trip attraction pattern and variation during peak hour o the
shopping centers
3
14 Study outcome
This research is intended to provide empirical trip attraction data for use in transportation
planning and traffic engineering studies for urban areas throughout Dhaka city This study also
provides the foundation for subsequent research to be conducted local agencies andor
private organizations to further build a comprehensive urban trip attraction database of shopping
centers
The most applicable outcome of this study is the production of quantitative information on
travel characteristics of urban land uses like shopping centers that can be used in traffic impact
studies This research is intended to establish a standardized data collection and analysis
methodology which will result in consistent information gathering in the future
15 Report Organization
The subsequent chapters of this report are organized as follows
Chapter 2 - Defines trip attraction discusses current trip attraction usage and presents sources of
trip attraction data and relevant trip attraction research
Chapter 3 - contains concept of trip rate analysis method and study data Data collection and
survey are explained in detail Data of trip attraction are gathered to be analyzed Discusses
the different data collection methods considered for this study and their challenges This
chapter provides an overview of the sites surveyed in the ldquoinitial pilotrdquo study (used to test the
chosen survey methodology) and presents an evaluation of the study sites and their
surrounding context
Chapter 4 the empirical results are presented and analyzed Trip attraction for the
Dhanmondi area is presented in a form of tables and figures The Trip Attraction Rate (Trip
Attraction Rate) using Trip Rate Analysis Method is represented and applied
Chapter 5 - Discusses the findings of the surveyed sites in brief
4
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
21 Introduction
The transportation planning process relies on travel demand forecasting Trip generation has
been identified as the first and most important step of the conventional sequential
forecasting procedure (Soslau et al 1978) Trip generation is calculated by trip production and
trip attraction Even with the exploration of new generation travel demand models such as
activity-based models the traditional four-step procedure remains the most widely used
model by transportation planning agencies because of institutional and financial requirements
(McNally 2000) So it is important to this study to understand the fundamental of trip
generation and trip attraction in order to determine the shopping trips attraction in Dhaka city In
addition to that overview of shopping system in Bangladesh generally can picture the situation in
the Dhaka city Furthermore concepts of the trip attraction modeling and trip attraction
analysis have to be understood before modeling the shopping trip attraction for Dhaka city
In the early section this chapter discussed about the trip generation as a first phase in the travel
demand forecasting model The general form of the model is depicted in Figure 21 There
are four basic phases in the traditional travel demand forecasting process which is trip
generation trip distribution modal choice and trip assignment The last section discussed the
previous study regarding trip generation in Provo Utah and Texas
5
Figure 21 The Classic Four-stage Transport Model
6
Trip generation is the process by which measures of urban activity are translated into
numbers of trips For example the number of trips that are generated by a shopping center is
quite different from the number of trips generated by an industrial complex that takes up
about the same amount of space In trip generation the transport engineers and planners
attempt to quantify the relationship between urban activity and travel The inventory data
discussed earlier is the analysts input for trip generation analysis Surveys of travelers in the
study area show the numbers and types of trips made by relating these trips to land use patterns
the analyst is able to forecast the number of trips that will be made in the future given
forecasts of population and other urban activity
After trip generation the analyst knows the numbers of trip productions and trip attractions each
zone Trip distribution procedures determine where the trips produced in each zone will go and
how they will be divided among all other zones in the study area The output is a set of tables
that show the travel flow between each pair of zones The decision on where to go is represented
by comparing the relative attractiveness and accessibility of all zones in the area A person is
more likely to travel to a nearby zone with a high level of activity than to a distant zone with a
low level of activity There are several types of trip distribution analyses which are the
Fratar method the intervening opportunity model and the gravity model
In modal choice of travel demand forecasting the phase analyze peoples decisions regarding
mode of travel (auto bus train etc) In the travel demand forecasting process mode usage
comes after trip distribution However mode usage analyses can be done at various points in
the forecasting process Mode usage analyses are also commonly done within trip generation
analyses The most common point is after trip distribution since the information on where trips
are going allows the mode usage relationship to compare the alternative transportation
services competing for users Trip assignment is the procedure by which the planner predicts the
paths the trips will take For example if a trip goes from a suburb to downtown the model
predicts which specific roads or transit routes are used The trip assignment process
begins by constructing a map representing the vehicle and transit network in the study area The
network maps show the possible paths that trips can take
7
The rationale of trip generation modeling is to determine the number of vehicle or person
trips to and from zones under consideration Trip generation modeling consists of two types
of models which is trip-production and trip attraction Trip production is defined as the home end
of home-based (HB) trips or as the origin of a non home-based (NHB) trip while trip attraction is
defined as the non home end of a HB trip or the destination of a NHB trip A trip is often
defined as a single journey made by an individual between two points by a specified or combined
modes of travel and for a defined purpose Thus trip generation analysis is the key to
obtaining future trip ends by zones The basic procedure is first to relate survey-reported trip
making to household characteristics and land use types by zone through regression or factor
analysis using single variable or multi-variable approaches The equation thus derived may then
be applied to forecast land use data
A trip is a one-way person movement by a mechanized mode of transport having two trip ends
an origin (the start of the trip) and a destination (the end of the trip) Trips are usually divided
into home-based and non-home-based Home-based trips are those having one end of the trip
(either origin or destination) at the home of the persons making the trip while non-home-based
trips are those having neither end at the home of the person making the trip Briefly it can be
summarized as for a home-based trip the zone of production is the home end of the trip while the
zone of attraction is the non home end of the trip Thus a trip from home to work and a trip from
work to home will both have a production end which is home and an attraction end which is
work For non home-based trips the production end is the origin and the attraction end is the
destination
8
Figure 22 The Relationship between OD and Production and Attraction
Once the study area has been broken into zones the next task involves quantifying the
number of trips that each zone will produce or attract The number of trips to and from an area
or zone is related to the land use activities of the zone and the socioeconomic characteristics
of the trip makers There are at least three characteristics of land use and trip-makers that
are important The density or intensity of the land use is important Many studies begin by
determining the number of dwelling employees or tenants per acre The intensity can be
related to an average number of trips per day based on experience with the type of land use
at hand Next the social and economic character of the users can influence the number of trips
that are expected Character attributes like average family income education and car
ownership influence the number of trips that will be produced by a zone Finally location plays
an important role in trip production and attraction Street congestion parking and other
environmental attributes can increase or decrease the number of trips that an area produces or
attracts
9
211 Trip Production and Trip Attraction
A trip is a movement of a person from one place (origin) to another (destination) Trip production
represents a trip starting or ending in a residential area since a trip is considered ldquoproducedrdquo at a
personrsquos residence Trip attraction (TA) represents a trip starting or ending in a non-residential area
Figure 23 shows how a person traveling from residence to an activity center generates two trip
productions and two trip attractions
Figure 23 Trip productions and trip attractions
A trip-end is the point at which a given trip starts or terminates one trip has two trip ends The
TA or the trip production ldquoraterdquo is defined as the number of trip ends per unit time per unit of
independent variables (per employee per square feet of floor area etc) Most typically however it
refers to the number of trips per day per activity center
212 Types of trips
Some basic definitions are appropriate before we address the classification of trips in detail We
will attempt to clarify the meaning of journey home based trip and non home based trip trip
production trip attraction and trip generation Journey is an out way movement from a point of
origin to a point of destination where as the word trip denotes an outward and return journey If
either origin or destination of a trip is the home of the trip maker then such trips are called home
based trips and the rest of the trips are called non home based trips Trip production is defined as
all the trips of home based or as the origin of the non home based trips
10
Figure 24 Trip Types
Trips can be classified by trip purpose trip time of the day and by person type Trip (attraction and
production) models are found to be accurate if separate models are used based on trip purpose The
trips can be classified based on the purpose of the journey as trips for work trips for education
trips for shopping trips for recreation and other trips Among these the work and education
trips are often referred as mandatory trips and the rest as discretionary trips All the above trips are
normally home based trips and constitute about 80 to 85 percent of trips The rest of the trips
namely non home based trips being a small proportion are not normally treated separately The
second way of classification is based on the time of the day when the trips are made The
broad classification is into peak trips and of peak trips The third way of classification
is based on the type of the individual who makes the trips This is important since the travel
behavior is highly influenced by the socio economic attribute of the traveler and are
normally categorized based on the income level vehicle ownership and house hold size
11
213 Factors Affecting Trip attraction
The personal trip attraction is influenced by factors such as roofed space available for industrial
commercial and other services At the zonal level zonal employment and accessibility are also
used In trip attraction modeling in addition to personal trips freight trip share also of interest
Although the latter comprises about 20 percent of trips their contribution to the congestion is
significant Freight trips are influenced by number of employees number of sales and area of
commercial firms
214 Shopping Trip Attractions
2141 Shopping mall employee and shop number
Shopping mall employee number is a factor for calculating trip attraction rate of shopping mall
Total number of shops is also calculated for developing trip attraction rate for shopping malls
These are done by surveys
2142 Gross floor area of shopping mall
Area of shopping mall is a factor readily available from maps Shopping mall gross floor area is a
more reliable indicator of shopping trip attraction which is calculated by multiplying the one
floor area and total number of floor
2143 Number of parking spaces
Number of parking spaces available for car parking is another important factor for estimating Trip
Attraction Rate
2144 Traffic Analysis Zone
The location of shopping mall also effects the trip attraction of individual Shopping Center A
traffic analysis zone is the unit of geography most commonly used in conventional
12
transportation planning models The size of a zone varies but for typical metropolitan
planning software a zone of under 3000 people is common The spatial extent of zones
typically varies in models ranging from very large areas in the exurb to as small as city blocks or
buildings in central business districts There is no technical reason why zones cannot be as
small as single buildings however additional zones add to the computational burden
Figure 25 Example of TAZ Boundaries
Zones are constructed by census block information Typically these blocks are used in
transportation models by providing socio-economic data States differ in the socio-economic
data that they attribute to the zones Most often the critical information is the number of
automobiles per household household income and employment within these zones This
information helps to further the understanding of trips that are produced and attracted within
the zone Again these zones can change or be altered as mentioned in the first paragraph
This is done typically to eliminate unneeded area to limit the computational burden
13
22 Trip Attraction Analysis
There are several general alternative structures for specifying Trip Attraction which are
i Cross-Classification
ii Regression Analysis
iii Trip Rate Analysis Method
221Cross-Classification
The Cross-Classification Analysis has become most widely accepted This procedure provides
the planner or the highway engineer a basic model structure This structure can be altered for
local situations by substituting or adding variables There are separate recommended model
structures for each type of trip as trip productions trip attraction and internal-external trip
generations
222 Trip Attraction Model Structure
In order to analyze trip attractions the number of trips attracted to certain activities is related
to a measure of the amount of that activity For example the number of trips attracted might
be related to the number of employees in a factory or the number of employees in a store The
structure of the trip attraction model relates trip ends by purpose to the amount character and
in some cases location of the activities as shown below
Table21 Trip Attraction Table
14
In the attraction model structure the amount of activity is reflected in the rate per unit measure
the character of activity by the type of activity and the location by the downtown versus other
retail employment classification
A considerable amount of research and development has focused on the area of disaggregate
models for improved travel demand forecasting The difference between the aggregate and
disaggregate techniques is mainly in the data efficiency Aggregate models are usually based upon
home interview origin and destination data that has been aggregated into zones then the
ldquoaveragerdquo zonal productions and attractions are derived The disaggregate approach is based
on large samples of household types and travel behaviors and uses data directly There are savings
in the amount of data required and some of the data can be transferred to other applications
The disaggregate approach express non-linear relationships and is more easily
understood
223 Regression analysis
Regression analysis is a technique used for the modeling and analysis of numerical data
consisting of values of a dependent variable (response variable) and of one or more independent
variables (explanatory variables) The dependent variable in the regression equation is
modeled as a function of the independent variables corresponding parameters (ldquoconstantrdquo) and
an error term The error term is treated as random variable It represents unexplained variation in
the dependent variable The parameters are estimated so as to give a ldquobest fitrdquo of the data Most
commonly the best fit is evaluated by using the least squares method but other criteria have
also been used The underlying assumptions of linear regression modeling are
The sample must be representative of the population for the inference prediction
bull The dependent variable is subject to error This error is assumed to be a random
variable with a mean of zero Systematic error may be present but its treatment is outside the
scope of regression analysis
bull The independent variable is error-free If this is not so modeling should be done using
errors-invariables model techniques
bull The predictors must be linearly independent ie must not be possible to express any
predictor as a linear combination of the others
15
bull The errors are uncorrelated that is the variance-covariance matrix of the errors is
diagonal and each non-zero element is the variance of the error
bull The variance of the error is constant If not weights should be used
bull The errors follow a normal distribution If not the generalized linear model should be
used
In linear regression the model specification is that the dependent variable yi is a linear
combination of the parameters (but need not be linear in the independent variables) For
example in simple linear regression for modeling N data points there is one independent variable xi
and two parameters β0 and β1 εi is an error term and the subscript i indexes a particular
observation Given a random sample from the population we estimate the population
parameters and obtain the sample linear regression model
yi = β0 + β1Xi + ei Equation (21)
The term ei is the residual ei = yi - yi One method of estimation is ordinary least squares
This method obtains parameter estimates that minimize the sum of squared residuals SSE
SSE = sum e2i Equation (22)
Minimization of this function results in a set of normal equations a set of
simultaneous linear equations in the parameters which are solved to yield the
parameters estimators β0 and β1 See regression coefficients for statistical properties of these
estimators In the case of simple regression the formulas for the least squares estimates are
Where x the mean (average) of the x is values and y is the mean of the y values See linear
least squares (straight line fitting) for a derivation of these formulas and a numerical example
Under the assumption that the population error has a constant variance the estimate of that
16
variance is given by
This is called the root mean square error (RMSE) of the regression The standard errors of the
parameter estimates are given
Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally
distributed the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create
confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters
224 General Linear Data Model
In the general multiple regression models there are p independent variables yi = β0 + β1X1i +hellip+
βpXpi+ εi The least square parameter estimates are obtained by p normal equations The residual can
be written as
In any case once a regression model has been constructed it is important to confirm the
goodness of fit of the model and the statistical significance of the estimated parameters
Commonly used checks of goodness of fit include the R-squared analyses of the pattern of
residuals and hypothesis testing Statistical significance is checked by an F-test of the
17
overall fit followed by t-tests of individual parameters
Table 22 Description of the Statistic Test
18
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 3
number of stores the number of the parking spaces and the location of the Shopping Centers
that can have significant influence on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Centers As a
result the Trip Attraction Rate estimated cannot be made specific to a Shopping Center On the
other hands The ITE Trip Generation Manual (1997) offers the Trip Attraction Rate for
many different types of establishment or stores when the establishment is freestanding In other
words there is no differentiation between the stores independently located or located in a
Shopping Center along with other stores The phenomenon of trip chaining in which a customer
visits more than one store during one trip to a Shopping Center has to be taken into account for
the estimation of the TA in a Shopping Center
It is difficult to consider all the factors influencing the Trip Attraction Rate of Shopping Center
especially factors like land use characteristics of the surrounding area However other factors like
the physical features of the Shopping Center that are easy to measure and analyze should be
incorporated in the estimation of the Trip Attraction Rate In addition to this the general
procedures for estimating Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center do not consider the
effect of the type and features of the constituent stores of a Shopping Center The TA of the
constituent stores in a Shopping Center affects the level of trip chaining in the Shopping Center It
is very vital to involve the trip-chaining phenomenon in the estimation of Trip Attraction Rate of
the Shopping Center The above-mentioned points form the basis for undertaking this study
13 Aim and Objectives
The aim of this study is to determine the trip attractions of shopping centers in the Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city Through the trip attraction analysis we can determine the attraction of the
shopping trip among the shopping center in Dhaka city Then the travel demand can be estimated
from the analysis Thus to achieve the aim there are several objectives of the study listed
a To determine Trip Attraction Rate of shopping centers in Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city
b To show the trip attraction pattern and variation during peak hour o the
shopping centers
3
14 Study outcome
This research is intended to provide empirical trip attraction data for use in transportation
planning and traffic engineering studies for urban areas throughout Dhaka city This study also
provides the foundation for subsequent research to be conducted local agencies andor
private organizations to further build a comprehensive urban trip attraction database of shopping
centers
The most applicable outcome of this study is the production of quantitative information on
travel characteristics of urban land uses like shopping centers that can be used in traffic impact
studies This research is intended to establish a standardized data collection and analysis
methodology which will result in consistent information gathering in the future
15 Report Organization
The subsequent chapters of this report are organized as follows
Chapter 2 - Defines trip attraction discusses current trip attraction usage and presents sources of
trip attraction data and relevant trip attraction research
Chapter 3 - contains concept of trip rate analysis method and study data Data collection and
survey are explained in detail Data of trip attraction are gathered to be analyzed Discusses
the different data collection methods considered for this study and their challenges This
chapter provides an overview of the sites surveyed in the ldquoinitial pilotrdquo study (used to test the
chosen survey methodology) and presents an evaluation of the study sites and their
surrounding context
Chapter 4 the empirical results are presented and analyzed Trip attraction for the
Dhanmondi area is presented in a form of tables and figures The Trip Attraction Rate (Trip
Attraction Rate) using Trip Rate Analysis Method is represented and applied
Chapter 5 - Discusses the findings of the surveyed sites in brief
4
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
21 Introduction
The transportation planning process relies on travel demand forecasting Trip generation has
been identified as the first and most important step of the conventional sequential
forecasting procedure (Soslau et al 1978) Trip generation is calculated by trip production and
trip attraction Even with the exploration of new generation travel demand models such as
activity-based models the traditional four-step procedure remains the most widely used
model by transportation planning agencies because of institutional and financial requirements
(McNally 2000) So it is important to this study to understand the fundamental of trip
generation and trip attraction in order to determine the shopping trips attraction in Dhaka city In
addition to that overview of shopping system in Bangladesh generally can picture the situation in
the Dhaka city Furthermore concepts of the trip attraction modeling and trip attraction
analysis have to be understood before modeling the shopping trip attraction for Dhaka city
In the early section this chapter discussed about the trip generation as a first phase in the travel
demand forecasting model The general form of the model is depicted in Figure 21 There
are four basic phases in the traditional travel demand forecasting process which is trip
generation trip distribution modal choice and trip assignment The last section discussed the
previous study regarding trip generation in Provo Utah and Texas
5
Figure 21 The Classic Four-stage Transport Model
6
Trip generation is the process by which measures of urban activity are translated into
numbers of trips For example the number of trips that are generated by a shopping center is
quite different from the number of trips generated by an industrial complex that takes up
about the same amount of space In trip generation the transport engineers and planners
attempt to quantify the relationship between urban activity and travel The inventory data
discussed earlier is the analysts input for trip generation analysis Surveys of travelers in the
study area show the numbers and types of trips made by relating these trips to land use patterns
the analyst is able to forecast the number of trips that will be made in the future given
forecasts of population and other urban activity
After trip generation the analyst knows the numbers of trip productions and trip attractions each
zone Trip distribution procedures determine where the trips produced in each zone will go and
how they will be divided among all other zones in the study area The output is a set of tables
that show the travel flow between each pair of zones The decision on where to go is represented
by comparing the relative attractiveness and accessibility of all zones in the area A person is
more likely to travel to a nearby zone with a high level of activity than to a distant zone with a
low level of activity There are several types of trip distribution analyses which are the
Fratar method the intervening opportunity model and the gravity model
In modal choice of travel demand forecasting the phase analyze peoples decisions regarding
mode of travel (auto bus train etc) In the travel demand forecasting process mode usage
comes after trip distribution However mode usage analyses can be done at various points in
the forecasting process Mode usage analyses are also commonly done within trip generation
analyses The most common point is after trip distribution since the information on where trips
are going allows the mode usage relationship to compare the alternative transportation
services competing for users Trip assignment is the procedure by which the planner predicts the
paths the trips will take For example if a trip goes from a suburb to downtown the model
predicts which specific roads or transit routes are used The trip assignment process
begins by constructing a map representing the vehicle and transit network in the study area The
network maps show the possible paths that trips can take
7
The rationale of trip generation modeling is to determine the number of vehicle or person
trips to and from zones under consideration Trip generation modeling consists of two types
of models which is trip-production and trip attraction Trip production is defined as the home end
of home-based (HB) trips or as the origin of a non home-based (NHB) trip while trip attraction is
defined as the non home end of a HB trip or the destination of a NHB trip A trip is often
defined as a single journey made by an individual between two points by a specified or combined
modes of travel and for a defined purpose Thus trip generation analysis is the key to
obtaining future trip ends by zones The basic procedure is first to relate survey-reported trip
making to household characteristics and land use types by zone through regression or factor
analysis using single variable or multi-variable approaches The equation thus derived may then
be applied to forecast land use data
A trip is a one-way person movement by a mechanized mode of transport having two trip ends
an origin (the start of the trip) and a destination (the end of the trip) Trips are usually divided
into home-based and non-home-based Home-based trips are those having one end of the trip
(either origin or destination) at the home of the persons making the trip while non-home-based
trips are those having neither end at the home of the person making the trip Briefly it can be
summarized as for a home-based trip the zone of production is the home end of the trip while the
zone of attraction is the non home end of the trip Thus a trip from home to work and a trip from
work to home will both have a production end which is home and an attraction end which is
work For non home-based trips the production end is the origin and the attraction end is the
destination
8
Figure 22 The Relationship between OD and Production and Attraction
Once the study area has been broken into zones the next task involves quantifying the
number of trips that each zone will produce or attract The number of trips to and from an area
or zone is related to the land use activities of the zone and the socioeconomic characteristics
of the trip makers There are at least three characteristics of land use and trip-makers that
are important The density or intensity of the land use is important Many studies begin by
determining the number of dwelling employees or tenants per acre The intensity can be
related to an average number of trips per day based on experience with the type of land use
at hand Next the social and economic character of the users can influence the number of trips
that are expected Character attributes like average family income education and car
ownership influence the number of trips that will be produced by a zone Finally location plays
an important role in trip production and attraction Street congestion parking and other
environmental attributes can increase or decrease the number of trips that an area produces or
attracts
9
211 Trip Production and Trip Attraction
A trip is a movement of a person from one place (origin) to another (destination) Trip production
represents a trip starting or ending in a residential area since a trip is considered ldquoproducedrdquo at a
personrsquos residence Trip attraction (TA) represents a trip starting or ending in a non-residential area
Figure 23 shows how a person traveling from residence to an activity center generates two trip
productions and two trip attractions
Figure 23 Trip productions and trip attractions
A trip-end is the point at which a given trip starts or terminates one trip has two trip ends The
TA or the trip production ldquoraterdquo is defined as the number of trip ends per unit time per unit of
independent variables (per employee per square feet of floor area etc) Most typically however it
refers to the number of trips per day per activity center
212 Types of trips
Some basic definitions are appropriate before we address the classification of trips in detail We
will attempt to clarify the meaning of journey home based trip and non home based trip trip
production trip attraction and trip generation Journey is an out way movement from a point of
origin to a point of destination where as the word trip denotes an outward and return journey If
either origin or destination of a trip is the home of the trip maker then such trips are called home
based trips and the rest of the trips are called non home based trips Trip production is defined as
all the trips of home based or as the origin of the non home based trips
10
Figure 24 Trip Types
Trips can be classified by trip purpose trip time of the day and by person type Trip (attraction and
production) models are found to be accurate if separate models are used based on trip purpose The
trips can be classified based on the purpose of the journey as trips for work trips for education
trips for shopping trips for recreation and other trips Among these the work and education
trips are often referred as mandatory trips and the rest as discretionary trips All the above trips are
normally home based trips and constitute about 80 to 85 percent of trips The rest of the trips
namely non home based trips being a small proportion are not normally treated separately The
second way of classification is based on the time of the day when the trips are made The
broad classification is into peak trips and of peak trips The third way of classification
is based on the type of the individual who makes the trips This is important since the travel
behavior is highly influenced by the socio economic attribute of the traveler and are
normally categorized based on the income level vehicle ownership and house hold size
11
213 Factors Affecting Trip attraction
The personal trip attraction is influenced by factors such as roofed space available for industrial
commercial and other services At the zonal level zonal employment and accessibility are also
used In trip attraction modeling in addition to personal trips freight trip share also of interest
Although the latter comprises about 20 percent of trips their contribution to the congestion is
significant Freight trips are influenced by number of employees number of sales and area of
commercial firms
214 Shopping Trip Attractions
2141 Shopping mall employee and shop number
Shopping mall employee number is a factor for calculating trip attraction rate of shopping mall
Total number of shops is also calculated for developing trip attraction rate for shopping malls
These are done by surveys
2142 Gross floor area of shopping mall
Area of shopping mall is a factor readily available from maps Shopping mall gross floor area is a
more reliable indicator of shopping trip attraction which is calculated by multiplying the one
floor area and total number of floor
2143 Number of parking spaces
Number of parking spaces available for car parking is another important factor for estimating Trip
Attraction Rate
2144 Traffic Analysis Zone
The location of shopping mall also effects the trip attraction of individual Shopping Center A
traffic analysis zone is the unit of geography most commonly used in conventional
12
transportation planning models The size of a zone varies but for typical metropolitan
planning software a zone of under 3000 people is common The spatial extent of zones
typically varies in models ranging from very large areas in the exurb to as small as city blocks or
buildings in central business districts There is no technical reason why zones cannot be as
small as single buildings however additional zones add to the computational burden
Figure 25 Example of TAZ Boundaries
Zones are constructed by census block information Typically these blocks are used in
transportation models by providing socio-economic data States differ in the socio-economic
data that they attribute to the zones Most often the critical information is the number of
automobiles per household household income and employment within these zones This
information helps to further the understanding of trips that are produced and attracted within
the zone Again these zones can change or be altered as mentioned in the first paragraph
This is done typically to eliminate unneeded area to limit the computational burden
13
22 Trip Attraction Analysis
There are several general alternative structures for specifying Trip Attraction which are
i Cross-Classification
ii Regression Analysis
iii Trip Rate Analysis Method
221Cross-Classification
The Cross-Classification Analysis has become most widely accepted This procedure provides
the planner or the highway engineer a basic model structure This structure can be altered for
local situations by substituting or adding variables There are separate recommended model
structures for each type of trip as trip productions trip attraction and internal-external trip
generations
222 Trip Attraction Model Structure
In order to analyze trip attractions the number of trips attracted to certain activities is related
to a measure of the amount of that activity For example the number of trips attracted might
be related to the number of employees in a factory or the number of employees in a store The
structure of the trip attraction model relates trip ends by purpose to the amount character and
in some cases location of the activities as shown below
Table21 Trip Attraction Table
14
In the attraction model structure the amount of activity is reflected in the rate per unit measure
the character of activity by the type of activity and the location by the downtown versus other
retail employment classification
A considerable amount of research and development has focused on the area of disaggregate
models for improved travel demand forecasting The difference between the aggregate and
disaggregate techniques is mainly in the data efficiency Aggregate models are usually based upon
home interview origin and destination data that has been aggregated into zones then the
ldquoaveragerdquo zonal productions and attractions are derived The disaggregate approach is based
on large samples of household types and travel behaviors and uses data directly There are savings
in the amount of data required and some of the data can be transferred to other applications
The disaggregate approach express non-linear relationships and is more easily
understood
223 Regression analysis
Regression analysis is a technique used for the modeling and analysis of numerical data
consisting of values of a dependent variable (response variable) and of one or more independent
variables (explanatory variables) The dependent variable in the regression equation is
modeled as a function of the independent variables corresponding parameters (ldquoconstantrdquo) and
an error term The error term is treated as random variable It represents unexplained variation in
the dependent variable The parameters are estimated so as to give a ldquobest fitrdquo of the data Most
commonly the best fit is evaluated by using the least squares method but other criteria have
also been used The underlying assumptions of linear regression modeling are
The sample must be representative of the population for the inference prediction
bull The dependent variable is subject to error This error is assumed to be a random
variable with a mean of zero Systematic error may be present but its treatment is outside the
scope of regression analysis
bull The independent variable is error-free If this is not so modeling should be done using
errors-invariables model techniques
bull The predictors must be linearly independent ie must not be possible to express any
predictor as a linear combination of the others
15
bull The errors are uncorrelated that is the variance-covariance matrix of the errors is
diagonal and each non-zero element is the variance of the error
bull The variance of the error is constant If not weights should be used
bull The errors follow a normal distribution If not the generalized linear model should be
used
In linear regression the model specification is that the dependent variable yi is a linear
combination of the parameters (but need not be linear in the independent variables) For
example in simple linear regression for modeling N data points there is one independent variable xi
and two parameters β0 and β1 εi is an error term and the subscript i indexes a particular
observation Given a random sample from the population we estimate the population
parameters and obtain the sample linear regression model
yi = β0 + β1Xi + ei Equation (21)
The term ei is the residual ei = yi - yi One method of estimation is ordinary least squares
This method obtains parameter estimates that minimize the sum of squared residuals SSE
SSE = sum e2i Equation (22)
Minimization of this function results in a set of normal equations a set of
simultaneous linear equations in the parameters which are solved to yield the
parameters estimators β0 and β1 See regression coefficients for statistical properties of these
estimators In the case of simple regression the formulas for the least squares estimates are
Where x the mean (average) of the x is values and y is the mean of the y values See linear
least squares (straight line fitting) for a derivation of these formulas and a numerical example
Under the assumption that the population error has a constant variance the estimate of that
16
variance is given by
This is called the root mean square error (RMSE) of the regression The standard errors of the
parameter estimates are given
Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally
distributed the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create
confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters
224 General Linear Data Model
In the general multiple regression models there are p independent variables yi = β0 + β1X1i +hellip+
βpXpi+ εi The least square parameter estimates are obtained by p normal equations The residual can
be written as
In any case once a regression model has been constructed it is important to confirm the
goodness of fit of the model and the statistical significance of the estimated parameters
Commonly used checks of goodness of fit include the R-squared analyses of the pattern of
residuals and hypothesis testing Statistical significance is checked by an F-test of the
17
overall fit followed by t-tests of individual parameters
Table 22 Description of the Statistic Test
18
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 4
14 Study outcome
This research is intended to provide empirical trip attraction data for use in transportation
planning and traffic engineering studies for urban areas throughout Dhaka city This study also
provides the foundation for subsequent research to be conducted local agencies andor
private organizations to further build a comprehensive urban trip attraction database of shopping
centers
The most applicable outcome of this study is the production of quantitative information on
travel characteristics of urban land uses like shopping centers that can be used in traffic impact
studies This research is intended to establish a standardized data collection and analysis
methodology which will result in consistent information gathering in the future
15 Report Organization
The subsequent chapters of this report are organized as follows
Chapter 2 - Defines trip attraction discusses current trip attraction usage and presents sources of
trip attraction data and relevant trip attraction research
Chapter 3 - contains concept of trip rate analysis method and study data Data collection and
survey are explained in detail Data of trip attraction are gathered to be analyzed Discusses
the different data collection methods considered for this study and their challenges This
chapter provides an overview of the sites surveyed in the ldquoinitial pilotrdquo study (used to test the
chosen survey methodology) and presents an evaluation of the study sites and their
surrounding context
Chapter 4 the empirical results are presented and analyzed Trip attraction for the
Dhanmondi area is presented in a form of tables and figures The Trip Attraction Rate (Trip
Attraction Rate) using Trip Rate Analysis Method is represented and applied
Chapter 5 - Discusses the findings of the surveyed sites in brief
4
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
21 Introduction
The transportation planning process relies on travel demand forecasting Trip generation has
been identified as the first and most important step of the conventional sequential
forecasting procedure (Soslau et al 1978) Trip generation is calculated by trip production and
trip attraction Even with the exploration of new generation travel demand models such as
activity-based models the traditional four-step procedure remains the most widely used
model by transportation planning agencies because of institutional and financial requirements
(McNally 2000) So it is important to this study to understand the fundamental of trip
generation and trip attraction in order to determine the shopping trips attraction in Dhaka city In
addition to that overview of shopping system in Bangladesh generally can picture the situation in
the Dhaka city Furthermore concepts of the trip attraction modeling and trip attraction
analysis have to be understood before modeling the shopping trip attraction for Dhaka city
In the early section this chapter discussed about the trip generation as a first phase in the travel
demand forecasting model The general form of the model is depicted in Figure 21 There
are four basic phases in the traditional travel demand forecasting process which is trip
generation trip distribution modal choice and trip assignment The last section discussed the
previous study regarding trip generation in Provo Utah and Texas
5
Figure 21 The Classic Four-stage Transport Model
6
Trip generation is the process by which measures of urban activity are translated into
numbers of trips For example the number of trips that are generated by a shopping center is
quite different from the number of trips generated by an industrial complex that takes up
about the same amount of space In trip generation the transport engineers and planners
attempt to quantify the relationship between urban activity and travel The inventory data
discussed earlier is the analysts input for trip generation analysis Surveys of travelers in the
study area show the numbers and types of trips made by relating these trips to land use patterns
the analyst is able to forecast the number of trips that will be made in the future given
forecasts of population and other urban activity
After trip generation the analyst knows the numbers of trip productions and trip attractions each
zone Trip distribution procedures determine where the trips produced in each zone will go and
how they will be divided among all other zones in the study area The output is a set of tables
that show the travel flow between each pair of zones The decision on where to go is represented
by comparing the relative attractiveness and accessibility of all zones in the area A person is
more likely to travel to a nearby zone with a high level of activity than to a distant zone with a
low level of activity There are several types of trip distribution analyses which are the
Fratar method the intervening opportunity model and the gravity model
In modal choice of travel demand forecasting the phase analyze peoples decisions regarding
mode of travel (auto bus train etc) In the travel demand forecasting process mode usage
comes after trip distribution However mode usage analyses can be done at various points in
the forecasting process Mode usage analyses are also commonly done within trip generation
analyses The most common point is after trip distribution since the information on where trips
are going allows the mode usage relationship to compare the alternative transportation
services competing for users Trip assignment is the procedure by which the planner predicts the
paths the trips will take For example if a trip goes from a suburb to downtown the model
predicts which specific roads or transit routes are used The trip assignment process
begins by constructing a map representing the vehicle and transit network in the study area The
network maps show the possible paths that trips can take
7
The rationale of trip generation modeling is to determine the number of vehicle or person
trips to and from zones under consideration Trip generation modeling consists of two types
of models which is trip-production and trip attraction Trip production is defined as the home end
of home-based (HB) trips or as the origin of a non home-based (NHB) trip while trip attraction is
defined as the non home end of a HB trip or the destination of a NHB trip A trip is often
defined as a single journey made by an individual between two points by a specified or combined
modes of travel and for a defined purpose Thus trip generation analysis is the key to
obtaining future trip ends by zones The basic procedure is first to relate survey-reported trip
making to household characteristics and land use types by zone through regression or factor
analysis using single variable or multi-variable approaches The equation thus derived may then
be applied to forecast land use data
A trip is a one-way person movement by a mechanized mode of transport having two trip ends
an origin (the start of the trip) and a destination (the end of the trip) Trips are usually divided
into home-based and non-home-based Home-based trips are those having one end of the trip
(either origin or destination) at the home of the persons making the trip while non-home-based
trips are those having neither end at the home of the person making the trip Briefly it can be
summarized as for a home-based trip the zone of production is the home end of the trip while the
zone of attraction is the non home end of the trip Thus a trip from home to work and a trip from
work to home will both have a production end which is home and an attraction end which is
work For non home-based trips the production end is the origin and the attraction end is the
destination
8
Figure 22 The Relationship between OD and Production and Attraction
Once the study area has been broken into zones the next task involves quantifying the
number of trips that each zone will produce or attract The number of trips to and from an area
or zone is related to the land use activities of the zone and the socioeconomic characteristics
of the trip makers There are at least three characteristics of land use and trip-makers that
are important The density or intensity of the land use is important Many studies begin by
determining the number of dwelling employees or tenants per acre The intensity can be
related to an average number of trips per day based on experience with the type of land use
at hand Next the social and economic character of the users can influence the number of trips
that are expected Character attributes like average family income education and car
ownership influence the number of trips that will be produced by a zone Finally location plays
an important role in trip production and attraction Street congestion parking and other
environmental attributes can increase or decrease the number of trips that an area produces or
attracts
9
211 Trip Production and Trip Attraction
A trip is a movement of a person from one place (origin) to another (destination) Trip production
represents a trip starting or ending in a residential area since a trip is considered ldquoproducedrdquo at a
personrsquos residence Trip attraction (TA) represents a trip starting or ending in a non-residential area
Figure 23 shows how a person traveling from residence to an activity center generates two trip
productions and two trip attractions
Figure 23 Trip productions and trip attractions
A trip-end is the point at which a given trip starts or terminates one trip has two trip ends The
TA or the trip production ldquoraterdquo is defined as the number of trip ends per unit time per unit of
independent variables (per employee per square feet of floor area etc) Most typically however it
refers to the number of trips per day per activity center
212 Types of trips
Some basic definitions are appropriate before we address the classification of trips in detail We
will attempt to clarify the meaning of journey home based trip and non home based trip trip
production trip attraction and trip generation Journey is an out way movement from a point of
origin to a point of destination where as the word trip denotes an outward and return journey If
either origin or destination of a trip is the home of the trip maker then such trips are called home
based trips and the rest of the trips are called non home based trips Trip production is defined as
all the trips of home based or as the origin of the non home based trips
10
Figure 24 Trip Types
Trips can be classified by trip purpose trip time of the day and by person type Trip (attraction and
production) models are found to be accurate if separate models are used based on trip purpose The
trips can be classified based on the purpose of the journey as trips for work trips for education
trips for shopping trips for recreation and other trips Among these the work and education
trips are often referred as mandatory trips and the rest as discretionary trips All the above trips are
normally home based trips and constitute about 80 to 85 percent of trips The rest of the trips
namely non home based trips being a small proportion are not normally treated separately The
second way of classification is based on the time of the day when the trips are made The
broad classification is into peak trips and of peak trips The third way of classification
is based on the type of the individual who makes the trips This is important since the travel
behavior is highly influenced by the socio economic attribute of the traveler and are
normally categorized based on the income level vehicle ownership and house hold size
11
213 Factors Affecting Trip attraction
The personal trip attraction is influenced by factors such as roofed space available for industrial
commercial and other services At the zonal level zonal employment and accessibility are also
used In trip attraction modeling in addition to personal trips freight trip share also of interest
Although the latter comprises about 20 percent of trips their contribution to the congestion is
significant Freight trips are influenced by number of employees number of sales and area of
commercial firms
214 Shopping Trip Attractions
2141 Shopping mall employee and shop number
Shopping mall employee number is a factor for calculating trip attraction rate of shopping mall
Total number of shops is also calculated for developing trip attraction rate for shopping malls
These are done by surveys
2142 Gross floor area of shopping mall
Area of shopping mall is a factor readily available from maps Shopping mall gross floor area is a
more reliable indicator of shopping trip attraction which is calculated by multiplying the one
floor area and total number of floor
2143 Number of parking spaces
Number of parking spaces available for car parking is another important factor for estimating Trip
Attraction Rate
2144 Traffic Analysis Zone
The location of shopping mall also effects the trip attraction of individual Shopping Center A
traffic analysis zone is the unit of geography most commonly used in conventional
12
transportation planning models The size of a zone varies but for typical metropolitan
planning software a zone of under 3000 people is common The spatial extent of zones
typically varies in models ranging from very large areas in the exurb to as small as city blocks or
buildings in central business districts There is no technical reason why zones cannot be as
small as single buildings however additional zones add to the computational burden
Figure 25 Example of TAZ Boundaries
Zones are constructed by census block information Typically these blocks are used in
transportation models by providing socio-economic data States differ in the socio-economic
data that they attribute to the zones Most often the critical information is the number of
automobiles per household household income and employment within these zones This
information helps to further the understanding of trips that are produced and attracted within
the zone Again these zones can change or be altered as mentioned in the first paragraph
This is done typically to eliminate unneeded area to limit the computational burden
13
22 Trip Attraction Analysis
There are several general alternative structures for specifying Trip Attraction which are
i Cross-Classification
ii Regression Analysis
iii Trip Rate Analysis Method
221Cross-Classification
The Cross-Classification Analysis has become most widely accepted This procedure provides
the planner or the highway engineer a basic model structure This structure can be altered for
local situations by substituting or adding variables There are separate recommended model
structures for each type of trip as trip productions trip attraction and internal-external trip
generations
222 Trip Attraction Model Structure
In order to analyze trip attractions the number of trips attracted to certain activities is related
to a measure of the amount of that activity For example the number of trips attracted might
be related to the number of employees in a factory or the number of employees in a store The
structure of the trip attraction model relates trip ends by purpose to the amount character and
in some cases location of the activities as shown below
Table21 Trip Attraction Table
14
In the attraction model structure the amount of activity is reflected in the rate per unit measure
the character of activity by the type of activity and the location by the downtown versus other
retail employment classification
A considerable amount of research and development has focused on the area of disaggregate
models for improved travel demand forecasting The difference between the aggregate and
disaggregate techniques is mainly in the data efficiency Aggregate models are usually based upon
home interview origin and destination data that has been aggregated into zones then the
ldquoaveragerdquo zonal productions and attractions are derived The disaggregate approach is based
on large samples of household types and travel behaviors and uses data directly There are savings
in the amount of data required and some of the data can be transferred to other applications
The disaggregate approach express non-linear relationships and is more easily
understood
223 Regression analysis
Regression analysis is a technique used for the modeling and analysis of numerical data
consisting of values of a dependent variable (response variable) and of one or more independent
variables (explanatory variables) The dependent variable in the regression equation is
modeled as a function of the independent variables corresponding parameters (ldquoconstantrdquo) and
an error term The error term is treated as random variable It represents unexplained variation in
the dependent variable The parameters are estimated so as to give a ldquobest fitrdquo of the data Most
commonly the best fit is evaluated by using the least squares method but other criteria have
also been used The underlying assumptions of linear regression modeling are
The sample must be representative of the population for the inference prediction
bull The dependent variable is subject to error This error is assumed to be a random
variable with a mean of zero Systematic error may be present but its treatment is outside the
scope of regression analysis
bull The independent variable is error-free If this is not so modeling should be done using
errors-invariables model techniques
bull The predictors must be linearly independent ie must not be possible to express any
predictor as a linear combination of the others
15
bull The errors are uncorrelated that is the variance-covariance matrix of the errors is
diagonal and each non-zero element is the variance of the error
bull The variance of the error is constant If not weights should be used
bull The errors follow a normal distribution If not the generalized linear model should be
used
In linear regression the model specification is that the dependent variable yi is a linear
combination of the parameters (but need not be linear in the independent variables) For
example in simple linear regression for modeling N data points there is one independent variable xi
and two parameters β0 and β1 εi is an error term and the subscript i indexes a particular
observation Given a random sample from the population we estimate the population
parameters and obtain the sample linear regression model
yi = β0 + β1Xi + ei Equation (21)
The term ei is the residual ei = yi - yi One method of estimation is ordinary least squares
This method obtains parameter estimates that minimize the sum of squared residuals SSE
SSE = sum e2i Equation (22)
Minimization of this function results in a set of normal equations a set of
simultaneous linear equations in the parameters which are solved to yield the
parameters estimators β0 and β1 See regression coefficients for statistical properties of these
estimators In the case of simple regression the formulas for the least squares estimates are
Where x the mean (average) of the x is values and y is the mean of the y values See linear
least squares (straight line fitting) for a derivation of these formulas and a numerical example
Under the assumption that the population error has a constant variance the estimate of that
16
variance is given by
This is called the root mean square error (RMSE) of the regression The standard errors of the
parameter estimates are given
Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally
distributed the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create
confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters
224 General Linear Data Model
In the general multiple regression models there are p independent variables yi = β0 + β1X1i +hellip+
βpXpi+ εi The least square parameter estimates are obtained by p normal equations The residual can
be written as
In any case once a regression model has been constructed it is important to confirm the
goodness of fit of the model and the statistical significance of the estimated parameters
Commonly used checks of goodness of fit include the R-squared analyses of the pattern of
residuals and hypothesis testing Statistical significance is checked by an F-test of the
17
overall fit followed by t-tests of individual parameters
Table 22 Description of the Statistic Test
18
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 5
CHAPTER TWO
LITERATURE REVIEW
21 Introduction
The transportation planning process relies on travel demand forecasting Trip generation has
been identified as the first and most important step of the conventional sequential
forecasting procedure (Soslau et al 1978) Trip generation is calculated by trip production and
trip attraction Even with the exploration of new generation travel demand models such as
activity-based models the traditional four-step procedure remains the most widely used
model by transportation planning agencies because of institutional and financial requirements
(McNally 2000) So it is important to this study to understand the fundamental of trip
generation and trip attraction in order to determine the shopping trips attraction in Dhaka city In
addition to that overview of shopping system in Bangladesh generally can picture the situation in
the Dhaka city Furthermore concepts of the trip attraction modeling and trip attraction
analysis have to be understood before modeling the shopping trip attraction for Dhaka city
In the early section this chapter discussed about the trip generation as a first phase in the travel
demand forecasting model The general form of the model is depicted in Figure 21 There
are four basic phases in the traditional travel demand forecasting process which is trip
generation trip distribution modal choice and trip assignment The last section discussed the
previous study regarding trip generation in Provo Utah and Texas
5
Figure 21 The Classic Four-stage Transport Model
6
Trip generation is the process by which measures of urban activity are translated into
numbers of trips For example the number of trips that are generated by a shopping center is
quite different from the number of trips generated by an industrial complex that takes up
about the same amount of space In trip generation the transport engineers and planners
attempt to quantify the relationship between urban activity and travel The inventory data
discussed earlier is the analysts input for trip generation analysis Surveys of travelers in the
study area show the numbers and types of trips made by relating these trips to land use patterns
the analyst is able to forecast the number of trips that will be made in the future given
forecasts of population and other urban activity
After trip generation the analyst knows the numbers of trip productions and trip attractions each
zone Trip distribution procedures determine where the trips produced in each zone will go and
how they will be divided among all other zones in the study area The output is a set of tables
that show the travel flow between each pair of zones The decision on where to go is represented
by comparing the relative attractiveness and accessibility of all zones in the area A person is
more likely to travel to a nearby zone with a high level of activity than to a distant zone with a
low level of activity There are several types of trip distribution analyses which are the
Fratar method the intervening opportunity model and the gravity model
In modal choice of travel demand forecasting the phase analyze peoples decisions regarding
mode of travel (auto bus train etc) In the travel demand forecasting process mode usage
comes after trip distribution However mode usage analyses can be done at various points in
the forecasting process Mode usage analyses are also commonly done within trip generation
analyses The most common point is after trip distribution since the information on where trips
are going allows the mode usage relationship to compare the alternative transportation
services competing for users Trip assignment is the procedure by which the planner predicts the
paths the trips will take For example if a trip goes from a suburb to downtown the model
predicts which specific roads or transit routes are used The trip assignment process
begins by constructing a map representing the vehicle and transit network in the study area The
network maps show the possible paths that trips can take
7
The rationale of trip generation modeling is to determine the number of vehicle or person
trips to and from zones under consideration Trip generation modeling consists of two types
of models which is trip-production and trip attraction Trip production is defined as the home end
of home-based (HB) trips or as the origin of a non home-based (NHB) trip while trip attraction is
defined as the non home end of a HB trip or the destination of a NHB trip A trip is often
defined as a single journey made by an individual between two points by a specified or combined
modes of travel and for a defined purpose Thus trip generation analysis is the key to
obtaining future trip ends by zones The basic procedure is first to relate survey-reported trip
making to household characteristics and land use types by zone through regression or factor
analysis using single variable or multi-variable approaches The equation thus derived may then
be applied to forecast land use data
A trip is a one-way person movement by a mechanized mode of transport having two trip ends
an origin (the start of the trip) and a destination (the end of the trip) Trips are usually divided
into home-based and non-home-based Home-based trips are those having one end of the trip
(either origin or destination) at the home of the persons making the trip while non-home-based
trips are those having neither end at the home of the person making the trip Briefly it can be
summarized as for a home-based trip the zone of production is the home end of the trip while the
zone of attraction is the non home end of the trip Thus a trip from home to work and a trip from
work to home will both have a production end which is home and an attraction end which is
work For non home-based trips the production end is the origin and the attraction end is the
destination
8
Figure 22 The Relationship between OD and Production and Attraction
Once the study area has been broken into zones the next task involves quantifying the
number of trips that each zone will produce or attract The number of trips to and from an area
or zone is related to the land use activities of the zone and the socioeconomic characteristics
of the trip makers There are at least three characteristics of land use and trip-makers that
are important The density or intensity of the land use is important Many studies begin by
determining the number of dwelling employees or tenants per acre The intensity can be
related to an average number of trips per day based on experience with the type of land use
at hand Next the social and economic character of the users can influence the number of trips
that are expected Character attributes like average family income education and car
ownership influence the number of trips that will be produced by a zone Finally location plays
an important role in trip production and attraction Street congestion parking and other
environmental attributes can increase or decrease the number of trips that an area produces or
attracts
9
211 Trip Production and Trip Attraction
A trip is a movement of a person from one place (origin) to another (destination) Trip production
represents a trip starting or ending in a residential area since a trip is considered ldquoproducedrdquo at a
personrsquos residence Trip attraction (TA) represents a trip starting or ending in a non-residential area
Figure 23 shows how a person traveling from residence to an activity center generates two trip
productions and two trip attractions
Figure 23 Trip productions and trip attractions
A trip-end is the point at which a given trip starts or terminates one trip has two trip ends The
TA or the trip production ldquoraterdquo is defined as the number of trip ends per unit time per unit of
independent variables (per employee per square feet of floor area etc) Most typically however it
refers to the number of trips per day per activity center
212 Types of trips
Some basic definitions are appropriate before we address the classification of trips in detail We
will attempt to clarify the meaning of journey home based trip and non home based trip trip
production trip attraction and trip generation Journey is an out way movement from a point of
origin to a point of destination where as the word trip denotes an outward and return journey If
either origin or destination of a trip is the home of the trip maker then such trips are called home
based trips and the rest of the trips are called non home based trips Trip production is defined as
all the trips of home based or as the origin of the non home based trips
10
Figure 24 Trip Types
Trips can be classified by trip purpose trip time of the day and by person type Trip (attraction and
production) models are found to be accurate if separate models are used based on trip purpose The
trips can be classified based on the purpose of the journey as trips for work trips for education
trips for shopping trips for recreation and other trips Among these the work and education
trips are often referred as mandatory trips and the rest as discretionary trips All the above trips are
normally home based trips and constitute about 80 to 85 percent of trips The rest of the trips
namely non home based trips being a small proportion are not normally treated separately The
second way of classification is based on the time of the day when the trips are made The
broad classification is into peak trips and of peak trips The third way of classification
is based on the type of the individual who makes the trips This is important since the travel
behavior is highly influenced by the socio economic attribute of the traveler and are
normally categorized based on the income level vehicle ownership and house hold size
11
213 Factors Affecting Trip attraction
The personal trip attraction is influenced by factors such as roofed space available for industrial
commercial and other services At the zonal level zonal employment and accessibility are also
used In trip attraction modeling in addition to personal trips freight trip share also of interest
Although the latter comprises about 20 percent of trips their contribution to the congestion is
significant Freight trips are influenced by number of employees number of sales and area of
commercial firms
214 Shopping Trip Attractions
2141 Shopping mall employee and shop number
Shopping mall employee number is a factor for calculating trip attraction rate of shopping mall
Total number of shops is also calculated for developing trip attraction rate for shopping malls
These are done by surveys
2142 Gross floor area of shopping mall
Area of shopping mall is a factor readily available from maps Shopping mall gross floor area is a
more reliable indicator of shopping trip attraction which is calculated by multiplying the one
floor area and total number of floor
2143 Number of parking spaces
Number of parking spaces available for car parking is another important factor for estimating Trip
Attraction Rate
2144 Traffic Analysis Zone
The location of shopping mall also effects the trip attraction of individual Shopping Center A
traffic analysis zone is the unit of geography most commonly used in conventional
12
transportation planning models The size of a zone varies but for typical metropolitan
planning software a zone of under 3000 people is common The spatial extent of zones
typically varies in models ranging from very large areas in the exurb to as small as city blocks or
buildings in central business districts There is no technical reason why zones cannot be as
small as single buildings however additional zones add to the computational burden
Figure 25 Example of TAZ Boundaries
Zones are constructed by census block information Typically these blocks are used in
transportation models by providing socio-economic data States differ in the socio-economic
data that they attribute to the zones Most often the critical information is the number of
automobiles per household household income and employment within these zones This
information helps to further the understanding of trips that are produced and attracted within
the zone Again these zones can change or be altered as mentioned in the first paragraph
This is done typically to eliminate unneeded area to limit the computational burden
13
22 Trip Attraction Analysis
There are several general alternative structures for specifying Trip Attraction which are
i Cross-Classification
ii Regression Analysis
iii Trip Rate Analysis Method
221Cross-Classification
The Cross-Classification Analysis has become most widely accepted This procedure provides
the planner or the highway engineer a basic model structure This structure can be altered for
local situations by substituting or adding variables There are separate recommended model
structures for each type of trip as trip productions trip attraction and internal-external trip
generations
222 Trip Attraction Model Structure
In order to analyze trip attractions the number of trips attracted to certain activities is related
to a measure of the amount of that activity For example the number of trips attracted might
be related to the number of employees in a factory or the number of employees in a store The
structure of the trip attraction model relates trip ends by purpose to the amount character and
in some cases location of the activities as shown below
Table21 Trip Attraction Table
14
In the attraction model structure the amount of activity is reflected in the rate per unit measure
the character of activity by the type of activity and the location by the downtown versus other
retail employment classification
A considerable amount of research and development has focused on the area of disaggregate
models for improved travel demand forecasting The difference between the aggregate and
disaggregate techniques is mainly in the data efficiency Aggregate models are usually based upon
home interview origin and destination data that has been aggregated into zones then the
ldquoaveragerdquo zonal productions and attractions are derived The disaggregate approach is based
on large samples of household types and travel behaviors and uses data directly There are savings
in the amount of data required and some of the data can be transferred to other applications
The disaggregate approach express non-linear relationships and is more easily
understood
223 Regression analysis
Regression analysis is a technique used for the modeling and analysis of numerical data
consisting of values of a dependent variable (response variable) and of one or more independent
variables (explanatory variables) The dependent variable in the regression equation is
modeled as a function of the independent variables corresponding parameters (ldquoconstantrdquo) and
an error term The error term is treated as random variable It represents unexplained variation in
the dependent variable The parameters are estimated so as to give a ldquobest fitrdquo of the data Most
commonly the best fit is evaluated by using the least squares method but other criteria have
also been used The underlying assumptions of linear regression modeling are
The sample must be representative of the population for the inference prediction
bull The dependent variable is subject to error This error is assumed to be a random
variable with a mean of zero Systematic error may be present but its treatment is outside the
scope of regression analysis
bull The independent variable is error-free If this is not so modeling should be done using
errors-invariables model techniques
bull The predictors must be linearly independent ie must not be possible to express any
predictor as a linear combination of the others
15
bull The errors are uncorrelated that is the variance-covariance matrix of the errors is
diagonal and each non-zero element is the variance of the error
bull The variance of the error is constant If not weights should be used
bull The errors follow a normal distribution If not the generalized linear model should be
used
In linear regression the model specification is that the dependent variable yi is a linear
combination of the parameters (but need not be linear in the independent variables) For
example in simple linear regression for modeling N data points there is one independent variable xi
and two parameters β0 and β1 εi is an error term and the subscript i indexes a particular
observation Given a random sample from the population we estimate the population
parameters and obtain the sample linear regression model
yi = β0 + β1Xi + ei Equation (21)
The term ei is the residual ei = yi - yi One method of estimation is ordinary least squares
This method obtains parameter estimates that minimize the sum of squared residuals SSE
SSE = sum e2i Equation (22)
Minimization of this function results in a set of normal equations a set of
simultaneous linear equations in the parameters which are solved to yield the
parameters estimators β0 and β1 See regression coefficients for statistical properties of these
estimators In the case of simple regression the formulas for the least squares estimates are
Where x the mean (average) of the x is values and y is the mean of the y values See linear
least squares (straight line fitting) for a derivation of these formulas and a numerical example
Under the assumption that the population error has a constant variance the estimate of that
16
variance is given by
This is called the root mean square error (RMSE) of the regression The standard errors of the
parameter estimates are given
Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally
distributed the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create
confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters
224 General Linear Data Model
In the general multiple regression models there are p independent variables yi = β0 + β1X1i +hellip+
βpXpi+ εi The least square parameter estimates are obtained by p normal equations The residual can
be written as
In any case once a regression model has been constructed it is important to confirm the
goodness of fit of the model and the statistical significance of the estimated parameters
Commonly used checks of goodness of fit include the R-squared analyses of the pattern of
residuals and hypothesis testing Statistical significance is checked by an F-test of the
17
overall fit followed by t-tests of individual parameters
Table 22 Description of the Statistic Test
18
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 6
Figure 21 The Classic Four-stage Transport Model
6
Trip generation is the process by which measures of urban activity are translated into
numbers of trips For example the number of trips that are generated by a shopping center is
quite different from the number of trips generated by an industrial complex that takes up
about the same amount of space In trip generation the transport engineers and planners
attempt to quantify the relationship between urban activity and travel The inventory data
discussed earlier is the analysts input for trip generation analysis Surveys of travelers in the
study area show the numbers and types of trips made by relating these trips to land use patterns
the analyst is able to forecast the number of trips that will be made in the future given
forecasts of population and other urban activity
After trip generation the analyst knows the numbers of trip productions and trip attractions each
zone Trip distribution procedures determine where the trips produced in each zone will go and
how they will be divided among all other zones in the study area The output is a set of tables
that show the travel flow between each pair of zones The decision on where to go is represented
by comparing the relative attractiveness and accessibility of all zones in the area A person is
more likely to travel to a nearby zone with a high level of activity than to a distant zone with a
low level of activity There are several types of trip distribution analyses which are the
Fratar method the intervening opportunity model and the gravity model
In modal choice of travel demand forecasting the phase analyze peoples decisions regarding
mode of travel (auto bus train etc) In the travel demand forecasting process mode usage
comes after trip distribution However mode usage analyses can be done at various points in
the forecasting process Mode usage analyses are also commonly done within trip generation
analyses The most common point is after trip distribution since the information on where trips
are going allows the mode usage relationship to compare the alternative transportation
services competing for users Trip assignment is the procedure by which the planner predicts the
paths the trips will take For example if a trip goes from a suburb to downtown the model
predicts which specific roads or transit routes are used The trip assignment process
begins by constructing a map representing the vehicle and transit network in the study area The
network maps show the possible paths that trips can take
7
The rationale of trip generation modeling is to determine the number of vehicle or person
trips to and from zones under consideration Trip generation modeling consists of two types
of models which is trip-production and trip attraction Trip production is defined as the home end
of home-based (HB) trips or as the origin of a non home-based (NHB) trip while trip attraction is
defined as the non home end of a HB trip or the destination of a NHB trip A trip is often
defined as a single journey made by an individual between two points by a specified or combined
modes of travel and for a defined purpose Thus trip generation analysis is the key to
obtaining future trip ends by zones The basic procedure is first to relate survey-reported trip
making to household characteristics and land use types by zone through regression or factor
analysis using single variable or multi-variable approaches The equation thus derived may then
be applied to forecast land use data
A trip is a one-way person movement by a mechanized mode of transport having two trip ends
an origin (the start of the trip) and a destination (the end of the trip) Trips are usually divided
into home-based and non-home-based Home-based trips are those having one end of the trip
(either origin or destination) at the home of the persons making the trip while non-home-based
trips are those having neither end at the home of the person making the trip Briefly it can be
summarized as for a home-based trip the zone of production is the home end of the trip while the
zone of attraction is the non home end of the trip Thus a trip from home to work and a trip from
work to home will both have a production end which is home and an attraction end which is
work For non home-based trips the production end is the origin and the attraction end is the
destination
8
Figure 22 The Relationship between OD and Production and Attraction
Once the study area has been broken into zones the next task involves quantifying the
number of trips that each zone will produce or attract The number of trips to and from an area
or zone is related to the land use activities of the zone and the socioeconomic characteristics
of the trip makers There are at least three characteristics of land use and trip-makers that
are important The density or intensity of the land use is important Many studies begin by
determining the number of dwelling employees or tenants per acre The intensity can be
related to an average number of trips per day based on experience with the type of land use
at hand Next the social and economic character of the users can influence the number of trips
that are expected Character attributes like average family income education and car
ownership influence the number of trips that will be produced by a zone Finally location plays
an important role in trip production and attraction Street congestion parking and other
environmental attributes can increase or decrease the number of trips that an area produces or
attracts
9
211 Trip Production and Trip Attraction
A trip is a movement of a person from one place (origin) to another (destination) Trip production
represents a trip starting or ending in a residential area since a trip is considered ldquoproducedrdquo at a
personrsquos residence Trip attraction (TA) represents a trip starting or ending in a non-residential area
Figure 23 shows how a person traveling from residence to an activity center generates two trip
productions and two trip attractions
Figure 23 Trip productions and trip attractions
A trip-end is the point at which a given trip starts or terminates one trip has two trip ends The
TA or the trip production ldquoraterdquo is defined as the number of trip ends per unit time per unit of
independent variables (per employee per square feet of floor area etc) Most typically however it
refers to the number of trips per day per activity center
212 Types of trips
Some basic definitions are appropriate before we address the classification of trips in detail We
will attempt to clarify the meaning of journey home based trip and non home based trip trip
production trip attraction and trip generation Journey is an out way movement from a point of
origin to a point of destination where as the word trip denotes an outward and return journey If
either origin or destination of a trip is the home of the trip maker then such trips are called home
based trips and the rest of the trips are called non home based trips Trip production is defined as
all the trips of home based or as the origin of the non home based trips
10
Figure 24 Trip Types
Trips can be classified by trip purpose trip time of the day and by person type Trip (attraction and
production) models are found to be accurate if separate models are used based on trip purpose The
trips can be classified based on the purpose of the journey as trips for work trips for education
trips for shopping trips for recreation and other trips Among these the work and education
trips are often referred as mandatory trips and the rest as discretionary trips All the above trips are
normally home based trips and constitute about 80 to 85 percent of trips The rest of the trips
namely non home based trips being a small proportion are not normally treated separately The
second way of classification is based on the time of the day when the trips are made The
broad classification is into peak trips and of peak trips The third way of classification
is based on the type of the individual who makes the trips This is important since the travel
behavior is highly influenced by the socio economic attribute of the traveler and are
normally categorized based on the income level vehicle ownership and house hold size
11
213 Factors Affecting Trip attraction
The personal trip attraction is influenced by factors such as roofed space available for industrial
commercial and other services At the zonal level zonal employment and accessibility are also
used In trip attraction modeling in addition to personal trips freight trip share also of interest
Although the latter comprises about 20 percent of trips their contribution to the congestion is
significant Freight trips are influenced by number of employees number of sales and area of
commercial firms
214 Shopping Trip Attractions
2141 Shopping mall employee and shop number
Shopping mall employee number is a factor for calculating trip attraction rate of shopping mall
Total number of shops is also calculated for developing trip attraction rate for shopping malls
These are done by surveys
2142 Gross floor area of shopping mall
Area of shopping mall is a factor readily available from maps Shopping mall gross floor area is a
more reliable indicator of shopping trip attraction which is calculated by multiplying the one
floor area and total number of floor
2143 Number of parking spaces
Number of parking spaces available for car parking is another important factor for estimating Trip
Attraction Rate
2144 Traffic Analysis Zone
The location of shopping mall also effects the trip attraction of individual Shopping Center A
traffic analysis zone is the unit of geography most commonly used in conventional
12
transportation planning models The size of a zone varies but for typical metropolitan
planning software a zone of under 3000 people is common The spatial extent of zones
typically varies in models ranging from very large areas in the exurb to as small as city blocks or
buildings in central business districts There is no technical reason why zones cannot be as
small as single buildings however additional zones add to the computational burden
Figure 25 Example of TAZ Boundaries
Zones are constructed by census block information Typically these blocks are used in
transportation models by providing socio-economic data States differ in the socio-economic
data that they attribute to the zones Most often the critical information is the number of
automobiles per household household income and employment within these zones This
information helps to further the understanding of trips that are produced and attracted within
the zone Again these zones can change or be altered as mentioned in the first paragraph
This is done typically to eliminate unneeded area to limit the computational burden
13
22 Trip Attraction Analysis
There are several general alternative structures for specifying Trip Attraction which are
i Cross-Classification
ii Regression Analysis
iii Trip Rate Analysis Method
221Cross-Classification
The Cross-Classification Analysis has become most widely accepted This procedure provides
the planner or the highway engineer a basic model structure This structure can be altered for
local situations by substituting or adding variables There are separate recommended model
structures for each type of trip as trip productions trip attraction and internal-external trip
generations
222 Trip Attraction Model Structure
In order to analyze trip attractions the number of trips attracted to certain activities is related
to a measure of the amount of that activity For example the number of trips attracted might
be related to the number of employees in a factory or the number of employees in a store The
structure of the trip attraction model relates trip ends by purpose to the amount character and
in some cases location of the activities as shown below
Table21 Trip Attraction Table
14
In the attraction model structure the amount of activity is reflected in the rate per unit measure
the character of activity by the type of activity and the location by the downtown versus other
retail employment classification
A considerable amount of research and development has focused on the area of disaggregate
models for improved travel demand forecasting The difference between the aggregate and
disaggregate techniques is mainly in the data efficiency Aggregate models are usually based upon
home interview origin and destination data that has been aggregated into zones then the
ldquoaveragerdquo zonal productions and attractions are derived The disaggregate approach is based
on large samples of household types and travel behaviors and uses data directly There are savings
in the amount of data required and some of the data can be transferred to other applications
The disaggregate approach express non-linear relationships and is more easily
understood
223 Regression analysis
Regression analysis is a technique used for the modeling and analysis of numerical data
consisting of values of a dependent variable (response variable) and of one or more independent
variables (explanatory variables) The dependent variable in the regression equation is
modeled as a function of the independent variables corresponding parameters (ldquoconstantrdquo) and
an error term The error term is treated as random variable It represents unexplained variation in
the dependent variable The parameters are estimated so as to give a ldquobest fitrdquo of the data Most
commonly the best fit is evaluated by using the least squares method but other criteria have
also been used The underlying assumptions of linear regression modeling are
The sample must be representative of the population for the inference prediction
bull The dependent variable is subject to error This error is assumed to be a random
variable with a mean of zero Systematic error may be present but its treatment is outside the
scope of regression analysis
bull The independent variable is error-free If this is not so modeling should be done using
errors-invariables model techniques
bull The predictors must be linearly independent ie must not be possible to express any
predictor as a linear combination of the others
15
bull The errors are uncorrelated that is the variance-covariance matrix of the errors is
diagonal and each non-zero element is the variance of the error
bull The variance of the error is constant If not weights should be used
bull The errors follow a normal distribution If not the generalized linear model should be
used
In linear regression the model specification is that the dependent variable yi is a linear
combination of the parameters (but need not be linear in the independent variables) For
example in simple linear regression for modeling N data points there is one independent variable xi
and two parameters β0 and β1 εi is an error term and the subscript i indexes a particular
observation Given a random sample from the population we estimate the population
parameters and obtain the sample linear regression model
yi = β0 + β1Xi + ei Equation (21)
The term ei is the residual ei = yi - yi One method of estimation is ordinary least squares
This method obtains parameter estimates that minimize the sum of squared residuals SSE
SSE = sum e2i Equation (22)
Minimization of this function results in a set of normal equations a set of
simultaneous linear equations in the parameters which are solved to yield the
parameters estimators β0 and β1 See regression coefficients for statistical properties of these
estimators In the case of simple regression the formulas for the least squares estimates are
Where x the mean (average) of the x is values and y is the mean of the y values See linear
least squares (straight line fitting) for a derivation of these formulas and a numerical example
Under the assumption that the population error has a constant variance the estimate of that
16
variance is given by
This is called the root mean square error (RMSE) of the regression The standard errors of the
parameter estimates are given
Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally
distributed the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create
confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters
224 General Linear Data Model
In the general multiple regression models there are p independent variables yi = β0 + β1X1i +hellip+
βpXpi+ εi The least square parameter estimates are obtained by p normal equations The residual can
be written as
In any case once a regression model has been constructed it is important to confirm the
goodness of fit of the model and the statistical significance of the estimated parameters
Commonly used checks of goodness of fit include the R-squared analyses of the pattern of
residuals and hypothesis testing Statistical significance is checked by an F-test of the
17
overall fit followed by t-tests of individual parameters
Table 22 Description of the Statistic Test
18
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 7
Trip generation is the process by which measures of urban activity are translated into
numbers of trips For example the number of trips that are generated by a shopping center is
quite different from the number of trips generated by an industrial complex that takes up
about the same amount of space In trip generation the transport engineers and planners
attempt to quantify the relationship between urban activity and travel The inventory data
discussed earlier is the analysts input for trip generation analysis Surveys of travelers in the
study area show the numbers and types of trips made by relating these trips to land use patterns
the analyst is able to forecast the number of trips that will be made in the future given
forecasts of population and other urban activity
After trip generation the analyst knows the numbers of trip productions and trip attractions each
zone Trip distribution procedures determine where the trips produced in each zone will go and
how they will be divided among all other zones in the study area The output is a set of tables
that show the travel flow between each pair of zones The decision on where to go is represented
by comparing the relative attractiveness and accessibility of all zones in the area A person is
more likely to travel to a nearby zone with a high level of activity than to a distant zone with a
low level of activity There are several types of trip distribution analyses which are the
Fratar method the intervening opportunity model and the gravity model
In modal choice of travel demand forecasting the phase analyze peoples decisions regarding
mode of travel (auto bus train etc) In the travel demand forecasting process mode usage
comes after trip distribution However mode usage analyses can be done at various points in
the forecasting process Mode usage analyses are also commonly done within trip generation
analyses The most common point is after trip distribution since the information on where trips
are going allows the mode usage relationship to compare the alternative transportation
services competing for users Trip assignment is the procedure by which the planner predicts the
paths the trips will take For example if a trip goes from a suburb to downtown the model
predicts which specific roads or transit routes are used The trip assignment process
begins by constructing a map representing the vehicle and transit network in the study area The
network maps show the possible paths that trips can take
7
The rationale of trip generation modeling is to determine the number of vehicle or person
trips to and from zones under consideration Trip generation modeling consists of two types
of models which is trip-production and trip attraction Trip production is defined as the home end
of home-based (HB) trips or as the origin of a non home-based (NHB) trip while trip attraction is
defined as the non home end of a HB trip or the destination of a NHB trip A trip is often
defined as a single journey made by an individual between two points by a specified or combined
modes of travel and for a defined purpose Thus trip generation analysis is the key to
obtaining future trip ends by zones The basic procedure is first to relate survey-reported trip
making to household characteristics and land use types by zone through regression or factor
analysis using single variable or multi-variable approaches The equation thus derived may then
be applied to forecast land use data
A trip is a one-way person movement by a mechanized mode of transport having two trip ends
an origin (the start of the trip) and a destination (the end of the trip) Trips are usually divided
into home-based and non-home-based Home-based trips are those having one end of the trip
(either origin or destination) at the home of the persons making the trip while non-home-based
trips are those having neither end at the home of the person making the trip Briefly it can be
summarized as for a home-based trip the zone of production is the home end of the trip while the
zone of attraction is the non home end of the trip Thus a trip from home to work and a trip from
work to home will both have a production end which is home and an attraction end which is
work For non home-based trips the production end is the origin and the attraction end is the
destination
8
Figure 22 The Relationship between OD and Production and Attraction
Once the study area has been broken into zones the next task involves quantifying the
number of trips that each zone will produce or attract The number of trips to and from an area
or zone is related to the land use activities of the zone and the socioeconomic characteristics
of the trip makers There are at least three characteristics of land use and trip-makers that
are important The density or intensity of the land use is important Many studies begin by
determining the number of dwelling employees or tenants per acre The intensity can be
related to an average number of trips per day based on experience with the type of land use
at hand Next the social and economic character of the users can influence the number of trips
that are expected Character attributes like average family income education and car
ownership influence the number of trips that will be produced by a zone Finally location plays
an important role in trip production and attraction Street congestion parking and other
environmental attributes can increase or decrease the number of trips that an area produces or
attracts
9
211 Trip Production and Trip Attraction
A trip is a movement of a person from one place (origin) to another (destination) Trip production
represents a trip starting or ending in a residential area since a trip is considered ldquoproducedrdquo at a
personrsquos residence Trip attraction (TA) represents a trip starting or ending in a non-residential area
Figure 23 shows how a person traveling from residence to an activity center generates two trip
productions and two trip attractions
Figure 23 Trip productions and trip attractions
A trip-end is the point at which a given trip starts or terminates one trip has two trip ends The
TA or the trip production ldquoraterdquo is defined as the number of trip ends per unit time per unit of
independent variables (per employee per square feet of floor area etc) Most typically however it
refers to the number of trips per day per activity center
212 Types of trips
Some basic definitions are appropriate before we address the classification of trips in detail We
will attempt to clarify the meaning of journey home based trip and non home based trip trip
production trip attraction and trip generation Journey is an out way movement from a point of
origin to a point of destination where as the word trip denotes an outward and return journey If
either origin or destination of a trip is the home of the trip maker then such trips are called home
based trips and the rest of the trips are called non home based trips Trip production is defined as
all the trips of home based or as the origin of the non home based trips
10
Figure 24 Trip Types
Trips can be classified by trip purpose trip time of the day and by person type Trip (attraction and
production) models are found to be accurate if separate models are used based on trip purpose The
trips can be classified based on the purpose of the journey as trips for work trips for education
trips for shopping trips for recreation and other trips Among these the work and education
trips are often referred as mandatory trips and the rest as discretionary trips All the above trips are
normally home based trips and constitute about 80 to 85 percent of trips The rest of the trips
namely non home based trips being a small proportion are not normally treated separately The
second way of classification is based on the time of the day when the trips are made The
broad classification is into peak trips and of peak trips The third way of classification
is based on the type of the individual who makes the trips This is important since the travel
behavior is highly influenced by the socio economic attribute of the traveler and are
normally categorized based on the income level vehicle ownership and house hold size
11
213 Factors Affecting Trip attraction
The personal trip attraction is influenced by factors such as roofed space available for industrial
commercial and other services At the zonal level zonal employment and accessibility are also
used In trip attraction modeling in addition to personal trips freight trip share also of interest
Although the latter comprises about 20 percent of trips their contribution to the congestion is
significant Freight trips are influenced by number of employees number of sales and area of
commercial firms
214 Shopping Trip Attractions
2141 Shopping mall employee and shop number
Shopping mall employee number is a factor for calculating trip attraction rate of shopping mall
Total number of shops is also calculated for developing trip attraction rate for shopping malls
These are done by surveys
2142 Gross floor area of shopping mall
Area of shopping mall is a factor readily available from maps Shopping mall gross floor area is a
more reliable indicator of shopping trip attraction which is calculated by multiplying the one
floor area and total number of floor
2143 Number of parking spaces
Number of parking spaces available for car parking is another important factor for estimating Trip
Attraction Rate
2144 Traffic Analysis Zone
The location of shopping mall also effects the trip attraction of individual Shopping Center A
traffic analysis zone is the unit of geography most commonly used in conventional
12
transportation planning models The size of a zone varies but for typical metropolitan
planning software a zone of under 3000 people is common The spatial extent of zones
typically varies in models ranging from very large areas in the exurb to as small as city blocks or
buildings in central business districts There is no technical reason why zones cannot be as
small as single buildings however additional zones add to the computational burden
Figure 25 Example of TAZ Boundaries
Zones are constructed by census block information Typically these blocks are used in
transportation models by providing socio-economic data States differ in the socio-economic
data that they attribute to the zones Most often the critical information is the number of
automobiles per household household income and employment within these zones This
information helps to further the understanding of trips that are produced and attracted within
the zone Again these zones can change or be altered as mentioned in the first paragraph
This is done typically to eliminate unneeded area to limit the computational burden
13
22 Trip Attraction Analysis
There are several general alternative structures for specifying Trip Attraction which are
i Cross-Classification
ii Regression Analysis
iii Trip Rate Analysis Method
221Cross-Classification
The Cross-Classification Analysis has become most widely accepted This procedure provides
the planner or the highway engineer a basic model structure This structure can be altered for
local situations by substituting or adding variables There are separate recommended model
structures for each type of trip as trip productions trip attraction and internal-external trip
generations
222 Trip Attraction Model Structure
In order to analyze trip attractions the number of trips attracted to certain activities is related
to a measure of the amount of that activity For example the number of trips attracted might
be related to the number of employees in a factory or the number of employees in a store The
structure of the trip attraction model relates trip ends by purpose to the amount character and
in some cases location of the activities as shown below
Table21 Trip Attraction Table
14
In the attraction model structure the amount of activity is reflected in the rate per unit measure
the character of activity by the type of activity and the location by the downtown versus other
retail employment classification
A considerable amount of research and development has focused on the area of disaggregate
models for improved travel demand forecasting The difference between the aggregate and
disaggregate techniques is mainly in the data efficiency Aggregate models are usually based upon
home interview origin and destination data that has been aggregated into zones then the
ldquoaveragerdquo zonal productions and attractions are derived The disaggregate approach is based
on large samples of household types and travel behaviors and uses data directly There are savings
in the amount of data required and some of the data can be transferred to other applications
The disaggregate approach express non-linear relationships and is more easily
understood
223 Regression analysis
Regression analysis is a technique used for the modeling and analysis of numerical data
consisting of values of a dependent variable (response variable) and of one or more independent
variables (explanatory variables) The dependent variable in the regression equation is
modeled as a function of the independent variables corresponding parameters (ldquoconstantrdquo) and
an error term The error term is treated as random variable It represents unexplained variation in
the dependent variable The parameters are estimated so as to give a ldquobest fitrdquo of the data Most
commonly the best fit is evaluated by using the least squares method but other criteria have
also been used The underlying assumptions of linear regression modeling are
The sample must be representative of the population for the inference prediction
bull The dependent variable is subject to error This error is assumed to be a random
variable with a mean of zero Systematic error may be present but its treatment is outside the
scope of regression analysis
bull The independent variable is error-free If this is not so modeling should be done using
errors-invariables model techniques
bull The predictors must be linearly independent ie must not be possible to express any
predictor as a linear combination of the others
15
bull The errors are uncorrelated that is the variance-covariance matrix of the errors is
diagonal and each non-zero element is the variance of the error
bull The variance of the error is constant If not weights should be used
bull The errors follow a normal distribution If not the generalized linear model should be
used
In linear regression the model specification is that the dependent variable yi is a linear
combination of the parameters (but need not be linear in the independent variables) For
example in simple linear regression for modeling N data points there is one independent variable xi
and two parameters β0 and β1 εi is an error term and the subscript i indexes a particular
observation Given a random sample from the population we estimate the population
parameters and obtain the sample linear regression model
yi = β0 + β1Xi + ei Equation (21)
The term ei is the residual ei = yi - yi One method of estimation is ordinary least squares
This method obtains parameter estimates that minimize the sum of squared residuals SSE
SSE = sum e2i Equation (22)
Minimization of this function results in a set of normal equations a set of
simultaneous linear equations in the parameters which are solved to yield the
parameters estimators β0 and β1 See regression coefficients for statistical properties of these
estimators In the case of simple regression the formulas for the least squares estimates are
Where x the mean (average) of the x is values and y is the mean of the y values See linear
least squares (straight line fitting) for a derivation of these formulas and a numerical example
Under the assumption that the population error has a constant variance the estimate of that
16
variance is given by
This is called the root mean square error (RMSE) of the regression The standard errors of the
parameter estimates are given
Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally
distributed the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create
confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters
224 General Linear Data Model
In the general multiple regression models there are p independent variables yi = β0 + β1X1i +hellip+
βpXpi+ εi The least square parameter estimates are obtained by p normal equations The residual can
be written as
In any case once a regression model has been constructed it is important to confirm the
goodness of fit of the model and the statistical significance of the estimated parameters
Commonly used checks of goodness of fit include the R-squared analyses of the pattern of
residuals and hypothesis testing Statistical significance is checked by an F-test of the
17
overall fit followed by t-tests of individual parameters
Table 22 Description of the Statistic Test
18
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 8
The rationale of trip generation modeling is to determine the number of vehicle or person
trips to and from zones under consideration Trip generation modeling consists of two types
of models which is trip-production and trip attraction Trip production is defined as the home end
of home-based (HB) trips or as the origin of a non home-based (NHB) trip while trip attraction is
defined as the non home end of a HB trip or the destination of a NHB trip A trip is often
defined as a single journey made by an individual between two points by a specified or combined
modes of travel and for a defined purpose Thus trip generation analysis is the key to
obtaining future trip ends by zones The basic procedure is first to relate survey-reported trip
making to household characteristics and land use types by zone through regression or factor
analysis using single variable or multi-variable approaches The equation thus derived may then
be applied to forecast land use data
A trip is a one-way person movement by a mechanized mode of transport having two trip ends
an origin (the start of the trip) and a destination (the end of the trip) Trips are usually divided
into home-based and non-home-based Home-based trips are those having one end of the trip
(either origin or destination) at the home of the persons making the trip while non-home-based
trips are those having neither end at the home of the person making the trip Briefly it can be
summarized as for a home-based trip the zone of production is the home end of the trip while the
zone of attraction is the non home end of the trip Thus a trip from home to work and a trip from
work to home will both have a production end which is home and an attraction end which is
work For non home-based trips the production end is the origin and the attraction end is the
destination
8
Figure 22 The Relationship between OD and Production and Attraction
Once the study area has been broken into zones the next task involves quantifying the
number of trips that each zone will produce or attract The number of trips to and from an area
or zone is related to the land use activities of the zone and the socioeconomic characteristics
of the trip makers There are at least three characteristics of land use and trip-makers that
are important The density or intensity of the land use is important Many studies begin by
determining the number of dwelling employees or tenants per acre The intensity can be
related to an average number of trips per day based on experience with the type of land use
at hand Next the social and economic character of the users can influence the number of trips
that are expected Character attributes like average family income education and car
ownership influence the number of trips that will be produced by a zone Finally location plays
an important role in trip production and attraction Street congestion parking and other
environmental attributes can increase or decrease the number of trips that an area produces or
attracts
9
211 Trip Production and Trip Attraction
A trip is a movement of a person from one place (origin) to another (destination) Trip production
represents a trip starting or ending in a residential area since a trip is considered ldquoproducedrdquo at a
personrsquos residence Trip attraction (TA) represents a trip starting or ending in a non-residential area
Figure 23 shows how a person traveling from residence to an activity center generates two trip
productions and two trip attractions
Figure 23 Trip productions and trip attractions
A trip-end is the point at which a given trip starts or terminates one trip has two trip ends The
TA or the trip production ldquoraterdquo is defined as the number of trip ends per unit time per unit of
independent variables (per employee per square feet of floor area etc) Most typically however it
refers to the number of trips per day per activity center
212 Types of trips
Some basic definitions are appropriate before we address the classification of trips in detail We
will attempt to clarify the meaning of journey home based trip and non home based trip trip
production trip attraction and trip generation Journey is an out way movement from a point of
origin to a point of destination where as the word trip denotes an outward and return journey If
either origin or destination of a trip is the home of the trip maker then such trips are called home
based trips and the rest of the trips are called non home based trips Trip production is defined as
all the trips of home based or as the origin of the non home based trips
10
Figure 24 Trip Types
Trips can be classified by trip purpose trip time of the day and by person type Trip (attraction and
production) models are found to be accurate if separate models are used based on trip purpose The
trips can be classified based on the purpose of the journey as trips for work trips for education
trips for shopping trips for recreation and other trips Among these the work and education
trips are often referred as mandatory trips and the rest as discretionary trips All the above trips are
normally home based trips and constitute about 80 to 85 percent of trips The rest of the trips
namely non home based trips being a small proportion are not normally treated separately The
second way of classification is based on the time of the day when the trips are made The
broad classification is into peak trips and of peak trips The third way of classification
is based on the type of the individual who makes the trips This is important since the travel
behavior is highly influenced by the socio economic attribute of the traveler and are
normally categorized based on the income level vehicle ownership and house hold size
11
213 Factors Affecting Trip attraction
The personal trip attraction is influenced by factors such as roofed space available for industrial
commercial and other services At the zonal level zonal employment and accessibility are also
used In trip attraction modeling in addition to personal trips freight trip share also of interest
Although the latter comprises about 20 percent of trips their contribution to the congestion is
significant Freight trips are influenced by number of employees number of sales and area of
commercial firms
214 Shopping Trip Attractions
2141 Shopping mall employee and shop number
Shopping mall employee number is a factor for calculating trip attraction rate of shopping mall
Total number of shops is also calculated for developing trip attraction rate for shopping malls
These are done by surveys
2142 Gross floor area of shopping mall
Area of shopping mall is a factor readily available from maps Shopping mall gross floor area is a
more reliable indicator of shopping trip attraction which is calculated by multiplying the one
floor area and total number of floor
2143 Number of parking spaces
Number of parking spaces available for car parking is another important factor for estimating Trip
Attraction Rate
2144 Traffic Analysis Zone
The location of shopping mall also effects the trip attraction of individual Shopping Center A
traffic analysis zone is the unit of geography most commonly used in conventional
12
transportation planning models The size of a zone varies but for typical metropolitan
planning software a zone of under 3000 people is common The spatial extent of zones
typically varies in models ranging from very large areas in the exurb to as small as city blocks or
buildings in central business districts There is no technical reason why zones cannot be as
small as single buildings however additional zones add to the computational burden
Figure 25 Example of TAZ Boundaries
Zones are constructed by census block information Typically these blocks are used in
transportation models by providing socio-economic data States differ in the socio-economic
data that they attribute to the zones Most often the critical information is the number of
automobiles per household household income and employment within these zones This
information helps to further the understanding of trips that are produced and attracted within
the zone Again these zones can change or be altered as mentioned in the first paragraph
This is done typically to eliminate unneeded area to limit the computational burden
13
22 Trip Attraction Analysis
There are several general alternative structures for specifying Trip Attraction which are
i Cross-Classification
ii Regression Analysis
iii Trip Rate Analysis Method
221Cross-Classification
The Cross-Classification Analysis has become most widely accepted This procedure provides
the planner or the highway engineer a basic model structure This structure can be altered for
local situations by substituting or adding variables There are separate recommended model
structures for each type of trip as trip productions trip attraction and internal-external trip
generations
222 Trip Attraction Model Structure
In order to analyze trip attractions the number of trips attracted to certain activities is related
to a measure of the amount of that activity For example the number of trips attracted might
be related to the number of employees in a factory or the number of employees in a store The
structure of the trip attraction model relates trip ends by purpose to the amount character and
in some cases location of the activities as shown below
Table21 Trip Attraction Table
14
In the attraction model structure the amount of activity is reflected in the rate per unit measure
the character of activity by the type of activity and the location by the downtown versus other
retail employment classification
A considerable amount of research and development has focused on the area of disaggregate
models for improved travel demand forecasting The difference between the aggregate and
disaggregate techniques is mainly in the data efficiency Aggregate models are usually based upon
home interview origin and destination data that has been aggregated into zones then the
ldquoaveragerdquo zonal productions and attractions are derived The disaggregate approach is based
on large samples of household types and travel behaviors and uses data directly There are savings
in the amount of data required and some of the data can be transferred to other applications
The disaggregate approach express non-linear relationships and is more easily
understood
223 Regression analysis
Regression analysis is a technique used for the modeling and analysis of numerical data
consisting of values of a dependent variable (response variable) and of one or more independent
variables (explanatory variables) The dependent variable in the regression equation is
modeled as a function of the independent variables corresponding parameters (ldquoconstantrdquo) and
an error term The error term is treated as random variable It represents unexplained variation in
the dependent variable The parameters are estimated so as to give a ldquobest fitrdquo of the data Most
commonly the best fit is evaluated by using the least squares method but other criteria have
also been used The underlying assumptions of linear regression modeling are
The sample must be representative of the population for the inference prediction
bull The dependent variable is subject to error This error is assumed to be a random
variable with a mean of zero Systematic error may be present but its treatment is outside the
scope of regression analysis
bull The independent variable is error-free If this is not so modeling should be done using
errors-invariables model techniques
bull The predictors must be linearly independent ie must not be possible to express any
predictor as a linear combination of the others
15
bull The errors are uncorrelated that is the variance-covariance matrix of the errors is
diagonal and each non-zero element is the variance of the error
bull The variance of the error is constant If not weights should be used
bull The errors follow a normal distribution If not the generalized linear model should be
used
In linear regression the model specification is that the dependent variable yi is a linear
combination of the parameters (but need not be linear in the independent variables) For
example in simple linear regression for modeling N data points there is one independent variable xi
and two parameters β0 and β1 εi is an error term and the subscript i indexes a particular
observation Given a random sample from the population we estimate the population
parameters and obtain the sample linear regression model
yi = β0 + β1Xi + ei Equation (21)
The term ei is the residual ei = yi - yi One method of estimation is ordinary least squares
This method obtains parameter estimates that minimize the sum of squared residuals SSE
SSE = sum e2i Equation (22)
Minimization of this function results in a set of normal equations a set of
simultaneous linear equations in the parameters which are solved to yield the
parameters estimators β0 and β1 See regression coefficients for statistical properties of these
estimators In the case of simple regression the formulas for the least squares estimates are
Where x the mean (average) of the x is values and y is the mean of the y values See linear
least squares (straight line fitting) for a derivation of these formulas and a numerical example
Under the assumption that the population error has a constant variance the estimate of that
16
variance is given by
This is called the root mean square error (RMSE) of the regression The standard errors of the
parameter estimates are given
Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally
distributed the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create
confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters
224 General Linear Data Model
In the general multiple regression models there are p independent variables yi = β0 + β1X1i +hellip+
βpXpi+ εi The least square parameter estimates are obtained by p normal equations The residual can
be written as
In any case once a regression model has been constructed it is important to confirm the
goodness of fit of the model and the statistical significance of the estimated parameters
Commonly used checks of goodness of fit include the R-squared analyses of the pattern of
residuals and hypothesis testing Statistical significance is checked by an F-test of the
17
overall fit followed by t-tests of individual parameters
Table 22 Description of the Statistic Test
18
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 9
Figure 22 The Relationship between OD and Production and Attraction
Once the study area has been broken into zones the next task involves quantifying the
number of trips that each zone will produce or attract The number of trips to and from an area
or zone is related to the land use activities of the zone and the socioeconomic characteristics
of the trip makers There are at least three characteristics of land use and trip-makers that
are important The density or intensity of the land use is important Many studies begin by
determining the number of dwelling employees or tenants per acre The intensity can be
related to an average number of trips per day based on experience with the type of land use
at hand Next the social and economic character of the users can influence the number of trips
that are expected Character attributes like average family income education and car
ownership influence the number of trips that will be produced by a zone Finally location plays
an important role in trip production and attraction Street congestion parking and other
environmental attributes can increase or decrease the number of trips that an area produces or
attracts
9
211 Trip Production and Trip Attraction
A trip is a movement of a person from one place (origin) to another (destination) Trip production
represents a trip starting or ending in a residential area since a trip is considered ldquoproducedrdquo at a
personrsquos residence Trip attraction (TA) represents a trip starting or ending in a non-residential area
Figure 23 shows how a person traveling from residence to an activity center generates two trip
productions and two trip attractions
Figure 23 Trip productions and trip attractions
A trip-end is the point at which a given trip starts or terminates one trip has two trip ends The
TA or the trip production ldquoraterdquo is defined as the number of trip ends per unit time per unit of
independent variables (per employee per square feet of floor area etc) Most typically however it
refers to the number of trips per day per activity center
212 Types of trips
Some basic definitions are appropriate before we address the classification of trips in detail We
will attempt to clarify the meaning of journey home based trip and non home based trip trip
production trip attraction and trip generation Journey is an out way movement from a point of
origin to a point of destination where as the word trip denotes an outward and return journey If
either origin or destination of a trip is the home of the trip maker then such trips are called home
based trips and the rest of the trips are called non home based trips Trip production is defined as
all the trips of home based or as the origin of the non home based trips
10
Figure 24 Trip Types
Trips can be classified by trip purpose trip time of the day and by person type Trip (attraction and
production) models are found to be accurate if separate models are used based on trip purpose The
trips can be classified based on the purpose of the journey as trips for work trips for education
trips for shopping trips for recreation and other trips Among these the work and education
trips are often referred as mandatory trips and the rest as discretionary trips All the above trips are
normally home based trips and constitute about 80 to 85 percent of trips The rest of the trips
namely non home based trips being a small proportion are not normally treated separately The
second way of classification is based on the time of the day when the trips are made The
broad classification is into peak trips and of peak trips The third way of classification
is based on the type of the individual who makes the trips This is important since the travel
behavior is highly influenced by the socio economic attribute of the traveler and are
normally categorized based on the income level vehicle ownership and house hold size
11
213 Factors Affecting Trip attraction
The personal trip attraction is influenced by factors such as roofed space available for industrial
commercial and other services At the zonal level zonal employment and accessibility are also
used In trip attraction modeling in addition to personal trips freight trip share also of interest
Although the latter comprises about 20 percent of trips their contribution to the congestion is
significant Freight trips are influenced by number of employees number of sales and area of
commercial firms
214 Shopping Trip Attractions
2141 Shopping mall employee and shop number
Shopping mall employee number is a factor for calculating trip attraction rate of shopping mall
Total number of shops is also calculated for developing trip attraction rate for shopping malls
These are done by surveys
2142 Gross floor area of shopping mall
Area of shopping mall is a factor readily available from maps Shopping mall gross floor area is a
more reliable indicator of shopping trip attraction which is calculated by multiplying the one
floor area and total number of floor
2143 Number of parking spaces
Number of parking spaces available for car parking is another important factor for estimating Trip
Attraction Rate
2144 Traffic Analysis Zone
The location of shopping mall also effects the trip attraction of individual Shopping Center A
traffic analysis zone is the unit of geography most commonly used in conventional
12
transportation planning models The size of a zone varies but for typical metropolitan
planning software a zone of under 3000 people is common The spatial extent of zones
typically varies in models ranging from very large areas in the exurb to as small as city blocks or
buildings in central business districts There is no technical reason why zones cannot be as
small as single buildings however additional zones add to the computational burden
Figure 25 Example of TAZ Boundaries
Zones are constructed by census block information Typically these blocks are used in
transportation models by providing socio-economic data States differ in the socio-economic
data that they attribute to the zones Most often the critical information is the number of
automobiles per household household income and employment within these zones This
information helps to further the understanding of trips that are produced and attracted within
the zone Again these zones can change or be altered as mentioned in the first paragraph
This is done typically to eliminate unneeded area to limit the computational burden
13
22 Trip Attraction Analysis
There are several general alternative structures for specifying Trip Attraction which are
i Cross-Classification
ii Regression Analysis
iii Trip Rate Analysis Method
221Cross-Classification
The Cross-Classification Analysis has become most widely accepted This procedure provides
the planner or the highway engineer a basic model structure This structure can be altered for
local situations by substituting or adding variables There are separate recommended model
structures for each type of trip as trip productions trip attraction and internal-external trip
generations
222 Trip Attraction Model Structure
In order to analyze trip attractions the number of trips attracted to certain activities is related
to a measure of the amount of that activity For example the number of trips attracted might
be related to the number of employees in a factory or the number of employees in a store The
structure of the trip attraction model relates trip ends by purpose to the amount character and
in some cases location of the activities as shown below
Table21 Trip Attraction Table
14
In the attraction model structure the amount of activity is reflected in the rate per unit measure
the character of activity by the type of activity and the location by the downtown versus other
retail employment classification
A considerable amount of research and development has focused on the area of disaggregate
models for improved travel demand forecasting The difference between the aggregate and
disaggregate techniques is mainly in the data efficiency Aggregate models are usually based upon
home interview origin and destination data that has been aggregated into zones then the
ldquoaveragerdquo zonal productions and attractions are derived The disaggregate approach is based
on large samples of household types and travel behaviors and uses data directly There are savings
in the amount of data required and some of the data can be transferred to other applications
The disaggregate approach express non-linear relationships and is more easily
understood
223 Regression analysis
Regression analysis is a technique used for the modeling and analysis of numerical data
consisting of values of a dependent variable (response variable) and of one or more independent
variables (explanatory variables) The dependent variable in the regression equation is
modeled as a function of the independent variables corresponding parameters (ldquoconstantrdquo) and
an error term The error term is treated as random variable It represents unexplained variation in
the dependent variable The parameters are estimated so as to give a ldquobest fitrdquo of the data Most
commonly the best fit is evaluated by using the least squares method but other criteria have
also been used The underlying assumptions of linear regression modeling are
The sample must be representative of the population for the inference prediction
bull The dependent variable is subject to error This error is assumed to be a random
variable with a mean of zero Systematic error may be present but its treatment is outside the
scope of regression analysis
bull The independent variable is error-free If this is not so modeling should be done using
errors-invariables model techniques
bull The predictors must be linearly independent ie must not be possible to express any
predictor as a linear combination of the others
15
bull The errors are uncorrelated that is the variance-covariance matrix of the errors is
diagonal and each non-zero element is the variance of the error
bull The variance of the error is constant If not weights should be used
bull The errors follow a normal distribution If not the generalized linear model should be
used
In linear regression the model specification is that the dependent variable yi is a linear
combination of the parameters (but need not be linear in the independent variables) For
example in simple linear regression for modeling N data points there is one independent variable xi
and two parameters β0 and β1 εi is an error term and the subscript i indexes a particular
observation Given a random sample from the population we estimate the population
parameters and obtain the sample linear regression model
yi = β0 + β1Xi + ei Equation (21)
The term ei is the residual ei = yi - yi One method of estimation is ordinary least squares
This method obtains parameter estimates that minimize the sum of squared residuals SSE
SSE = sum e2i Equation (22)
Minimization of this function results in a set of normal equations a set of
simultaneous linear equations in the parameters which are solved to yield the
parameters estimators β0 and β1 See regression coefficients for statistical properties of these
estimators In the case of simple regression the formulas for the least squares estimates are
Where x the mean (average) of the x is values and y is the mean of the y values See linear
least squares (straight line fitting) for a derivation of these formulas and a numerical example
Under the assumption that the population error has a constant variance the estimate of that
16
variance is given by
This is called the root mean square error (RMSE) of the regression The standard errors of the
parameter estimates are given
Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally
distributed the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create
confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters
224 General Linear Data Model
In the general multiple regression models there are p independent variables yi = β0 + β1X1i +hellip+
βpXpi+ εi The least square parameter estimates are obtained by p normal equations The residual can
be written as
In any case once a regression model has been constructed it is important to confirm the
goodness of fit of the model and the statistical significance of the estimated parameters
Commonly used checks of goodness of fit include the R-squared analyses of the pattern of
residuals and hypothesis testing Statistical significance is checked by an F-test of the
17
overall fit followed by t-tests of individual parameters
Table 22 Description of the Statistic Test
18
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 10
211 Trip Production and Trip Attraction
A trip is a movement of a person from one place (origin) to another (destination) Trip production
represents a trip starting or ending in a residential area since a trip is considered ldquoproducedrdquo at a
personrsquos residence Trip attraction (TA) represents a trip starting or ending in a non-residential area
Figure 23 shows how a person traveling from residence to an activity center generates two trip
productions and two trip attractions
Figure 23 Trip productions and trip attractions
A trip-end is the point at which a given trip starts or terminates one trip has two trip ends The
TA or the trip production ldquoraterdquo is defined as the number of trip ends per unit time per unit of
independent variables (per employee per square feet of floor area etc) Most typically however it
refers to the number of trips per day per activity center
212 Types of trips
Some basic definitions are appropriate before we address the classification of trips in detail We
will attempt to clarify the meaning of journey home based trip and non home based trip trip
production trip attraction and trip generation Journey is an out way movement from a point of
origin to a point of destination where as the word trip denotes an outward and return journey If
either origin or destination of a trip is the home of the trip maker then such trips are called home
based trips and the rest of the trips are called non home based trips Trip production is defined as
all the trips of home based or as the origin of the non home based trips
10
Figure 24 Trip Types
Trips can be classified by trip purpose trip time of the day and by person type Trip (attraction and
production) models are found to be accurate if separate models are used based on trip purpose The
trips can be classified based on the purpose of the journey as trips for work trips for education
trips for shopping trips for recreation and other trips Among these the work and education
trips are often referred as mandatory trips and the rest as discretionary trips All the above trips are
normally home based trips and constitute about 80 to 85 percent of trips The rest of the trips
namely non home based trips being a small proportion are not normally treated separately The
second way of classification is based on the time of the day when the trips are made The
broad classification is into peak trips and of peak trips The third way of classification
is based on the type of the individual who makes the trips This is important since the travel
behavior is highly influenced by the socio economic attribute of the traveler and are
normally categorized based on the income level vehicle ownership and house hold size
11
213 Factors Affecting Trip attraction
The personal trip attraction is influenced by factors such as roofed space available for industrial
commercial and other services At the zonal level zonal employment and accessibility are also
used In trip attraction modeling in addition to personal trips freight trip share also of interest
Although the latter comprises about 20 percent of trips their contribution to the congestion is
significant Freight trips are influenced by number of employees number of sales and area of
commercial firms
214 Shopping Trip Attractions
2141 Shopping mall employee and shop number
Shopping mall employee number is a factor for calculating trip attraction rate of shopping mall
Total number of shops is also calculated for developing trip attraction rate for shopping malls
These are done by surveys
2142 Gross floor area of shopping mall
Area of shopping mall is a factor readily available from maps Shopping mall gross floor area is a
more reliable indicator of shopping trip attraction which is calculated by multiplying the one
floor area and total number of floor
2143 Number of parking spaces
Number of parking spaces available for car parking is another important factor for estimating Trip
Attraction Rate
2144 Traffic Analysis Zone
The location of shopping mall also effects the trip attraction of individual Shopping Center A
traffic analysis zone is the unit of geography most commonly used in conventional
12
transportation planning models The size of a zone varies but for typical metropolitan
planning software a zone of under 3000 people is common The spatial extent of zones
typically varies in models ranging from very large areas in the exurb to as small as city blocks or
buildings in central business districts There is no technical reason why zones cannot be as
small as single buildings however additional zones add to the computational burden
Figure 25 Example of TAZ Boundaries
Zones are constructed by census block information Typically these blocks are used in
transportation models by providing socio-economic data States differ in the socio-economic
data that they attribute to the zones Most often the critical information is the number of
automobiles per household household income and employment within these zones This
information helps to further the understanding of trips that are produced and attracted within
the zone Again these zones can change or be altered as mentioned in the first paragraph
This is done typically to eliminate unneeded area to limit the computational burden
13
22 Trip Attraction Analysis
There are several general alternative structures for specifying Trip Attraction which are
i Cross-Classification
ii Regression Analysis
iii Trip Rate Analysis Method
221Cross-Classification
The Cross-Classification Analysis has become most widely accepted This procedure provides
the planner or the highway engineer a basic model structure This structure can be altered for
local situations by substituting or adding variables There are separate recommended model
structures for each type of trip as trip productions trip attraction and internal-external trip
generations
222 Trip Attraction Model Structure
In order to analyze trip attractions the number of trips attracted to certain activities is related
to a measure of the amount of that activity For example the number of trips attracted might
be related to the number of employees in a factory or the number of employees in a store The
structure of the trip attraction model relates trip ends by purpose to the amount character and
in some cases location of the activities as shown below
Table21 Trip Attraction Table
14
In the attraction model structure the amount of activity is reflected in the rate per unit measure
the character of activity by the type of activity and the location by the downtown versus other
retail employment classification
A considerable amount of research and development has focused on the area of disaggregate
models for improved travel demand forecasting The difference between the aggregate and
disaggregate techniques is mainly in the data efficiency Aggregate models are usually based upon
home interview origin and destination data that has been aggregated into zones then the
ldquoaveragerdquo zonal productions and attractions are derived The disaggregate approach is based
on large samples of household types and travel behaviors and uses data directly There are savings
in the amount of data required and some of the data can be transferred to other applications
The disaggregate approach express non-linear relationships and is more easily
understood
223 Regression analysis
Regression analysis is a technique used for the modeling and analysis of numerical data
consisting of values of a dependent variable (response variable) and of one or more independent
variables (explanatory variables) The dependent variable in the regression equation is
modeled as a function of the independent variables corresponding parameters (ldquoconstantrdquo) and
an error term The error term is treated as random variable It represents unexplained variation in
the dependent variable The parameters are estimated so as to give a ldquobest fitrdquo of the data Most
commonly the best fit is evaluated by using the least squares method but other criteria have
also been used The underlying assumptions of linear regression modeling are
The sample must be representative of the population for the inference prediction
bull The dependent variable is subject to error This error is assumed to be a random
variable with a mean of zero Systematic error may be present but its treatment is outside the
scope of regression analysis
bull The independent variable is error-free If this is not so modeling should be done using
errors-invariables model techniques
bull The predictors must be linearly independent ie must not be possible to express any
predictor as a linear combination of the others
15
bull The errors are uncorrelated that is the variance-covariance matrix of the errors is
diagonal and each non-zero element is the variance of the error
bull The variance of the error is constant If not weights should be used
bull The errors follow a normal distribution If not the generalized linear model should be
used
In linear regression the model specification is that the dependent variable yi is a linear
combination of the parameters (but need not be linear in the independent variables) For
example in simple linear regression for modeling N data points there is one independent variable xi
and two parameters β0 and β1 εi is an error term and the subscript i indexes a particular
observation Given a random sample from the population we estimate the population
parameters and obtain the sample linear regression model
yi = β0 + β1Xi + ei Equation (21)
The term ei is the residual ei = yi - yi One method of estimation is ordinary least squares
This method obtains parameter estimates that minimize the sum of squared residuals SSE
SSE = sum e2i Equation (22)
Minimization of this function results in a set of normal equations a set of
simultaneous linear equations in the parameters which are solved to yield the
parameters estimators β0 and β1 See regression coefficients for statistical properties of these
estimators In the case of simple regression the formulas for the least squares estimates are
Where x the mean (average) of the x is values and y is the mean of the y values See linear
least squares (straight line fitting) for a derivation of these formulas and a numerical example
Under the assumption that the population error has a constant variance the estimate of that
16
variance is given by
This is called the root mean square error (RMSE) of the regression The standard errors of the
parameter estimates are given
Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally
distributed the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create
confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters
224 General Linear Data Model
In the general multiple regression models there are p independent variables yi = β0 + β1X1i +hellip+
βpXpi+ εi The least square parameter estimates are obtained by p normal equations The residual can
be written as
In any case once a regression model has been constructed it is important to confirm the
goodness of fit of the model and the statistical significance of the estimated parameters
Commonly used checks of goodness of fit include the R-squared analyses of the pattern of
residuals and hypothesis testing Statistical significance is checked by an F-test of the
17
overall fit followed by t-tests of individual parameters
Table 22 Description of the Statistic Test
18
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 11
Figure 24 Trip Types
Trips can be classified by trip purpose trip time of the day and by person type Trip (attraction and
production) models are found to be accurate if separate models are used based on trip purpose The
trips can be classified based on the purpose of the journey as trips for work trips for education
trips for shopping trips for recreation and other trips Among these the work and education
trips are often referred as mandatory trips and the rest as discretionary trips All the above trips are
normally home based trips and constitute about 80 to 85 percent of trips The rest of the trips
namely non home based trips being a small proportion are not normally treated separately The
second way of classification is based on the time of the day when the trips are made The
broad classification is into peak trips and of peak trips The third way of classification
is based on the type of the individual who makes the trips This is important since the travel
behavior is highly influenced by the socio economic attribute of the traveler and are
normally categorized based on the income level vehicle ownership and house hold size
11
213 Factors Affecting Trip attraction
The personal trip attraction is influenced by factors such as roofed space available for industrial
commercial and other services At the zonal level zonal employment and accessibility are also
used In trip attraction modeling in addition to personal trips freight trip share also of interest
Although the latter comprises about 20 percent of trips their contribution to the congestion is
significant Freight trips are influenced by number of employees number of sales and area of
commercial firms
214 Shopping Trip Attractions
2141 Shopping mall employee and shop number
Shopping mall employee number is a factor for calculating trip attraction rate of shopping mall
Total number of shops is also calculated for developing trip attraction rate for shopping malls
These are done by surveys
2142 Gross floor area of shopping mall
Area of shopping mall is a factor readily available from maps Shopping mall gross floor area is a
more reliable indicator of shopping trip attraction which is calculated by multiplying the one
floor area and total number of floor
2143 Number of parking spaces
Number of parking spaces available for car parking is another important factor for estimating Trip
Attraction Rate
2144 Traffic Analysis Zone
The location of shopping mall also effects the trip attraction of individual Shopping Center A
traffic analysis zone is the unit of geography most commonly used in conventional
12
transportation planning models The size of a zone varies but for typical metropolitan
planning software a zone of under 3000 people is common The spatial extent of zones
typically varies in models ranging from very large areas in the exurb to as small as city blocks or
buildings in central business districts There is no technical reason why zones cannot be as
small as single buildings however additional zones add to the computational burden
Figure 25 Example of TAZ Boundaries
Zones are constructed by census block information Typically these blocks are used in
transportation models by providing socio-economic data States differ in the socio-economic
data that they attribute to the zones Most often the critical information is the number of
automobiles per household household income and employment within these zones This
information helps to further the understanding of trips that are produced and attracted within
the zone Again these zones can change or be altered as mentioned in the first paragraph
This is done typically to eliminate unneeded area to limit the computational burden
13
22 Trip Attraction Analysis
There are several general alternative structures for specifying Trip Attraction which are
i Cross-Classification
ii Regression Analysis
iii Trip Rate Analysis Method
221Cross-Classification
The Cross-Classification Analysis has become most widely accepted This procedure provides
the planner or the highway engineer a basic model structure This structure can be altered for
local situations by substituting or adding variables There are separate recommended model
structures for each type of trip as trip productions trip attraction and internal-external trip
generations
222 Trip Attraction Model Structure
In order to analyze trip attractions the number of trips attracted to certain activities is related
to a measure of the amount of that activity For example the number of trips attracted might
be related to the number of employees in a factory or the number of employees in a store The
structure of the trip attraction model relates trip ends by purpose to the amount character and
in some cases location of the activities as shown below
Table21 Trip Attraction Table
14
In the attraction model structure the amount of activity is reflected in the rate per unit measure
the character of activity by the type of activity and the location by the downtown versus other
retail employment classification
A considerable amount of research and development has focused on the area of disaggregate
models for improved travel demand forecasting The difference between the aggregate and
disaggregate techniques is mainly in the data efficiency Aggregate models are usually based upon
home interview origin and destination data that has been aggregated into zones then the
ldquoaveragerdquo zonal productions and attractions are derived The disaggregate approach is based
on large samples of household types and travel behaviors and uses data directly There are savings
in the amount of data required and some of the data can be transferred to other applications
The disaggregate approach express non-linear relationships and is more easily
understood
223 Regression analysis
Regression analysis is a technique used for the modeling and analysis of numerical data
consisting of values of a dependent variable (response variable) and of one or more independent
variables (explanatory variables) The dependent variable in the regression equation is
modeled as a function of the independent variables corresponding parameters (ldquoconstantrdquo) and
an error term The error term is treated as random variable It represents unexplained variation in
the dependent variable The parameters are estimated so as to give a ldquobest fitrdquo of the data Most
commonly the best fit is evaluated by using the least squares method but other criteria have
also been used The underlying assumptions of linear regression modeling are
The sample must be representative of the population for the inference prediction
bull The dependent variable is subject to error This error is assumed to be a random
variable with a mean of zero Systematic error may be present but its treatment is outside the
scope of regression analysis
bull The independent variable is error-free If this is not so modeling should be done using
errors-invariables model techniques
bull The predictors must be linearly independent ie must not be possible to express any
predictor as a linear combination of the others
15
bull The errors are uncorrelated that is the variance-covariance matrix of the errors is
diagonal and each non-zero element is the variance of the error
bull The variance of the error is constant If not weights should be used
bull The errors follow a normal distribution If not the generalized linear model should be
used
In linear regression the model specification is that the dependent variable yi is a linear
combination of the parameters (but need not be linear in the independent variables) For
example in simple linear regression for modeling N data points there is one independent variable xi
and two parameters β0 and β1 εi is an error term and the subscript i indexes a particular
observation Given a random sample from the population we estimate the population
parameters and obtain the sample linear regression model
yi = β0 + β1Xi + ei Equation (21)
The term ei is the residual ei = yi - yi One method of estimation is ordinary least squares
This method obtains parameter estimates that minimize the sum of squared residuals SSE
SSE = sum e2i Equation (22)
Minimization of this function results in a set of normal equations a set of
simultaneous linear equations in the parameters which are solved to yield the
parameters estimators β0 and β1 See regression coefficients for statistical properties of these
estimators In the case of simple regression the formulas for the least squares estimates are
Where x the mean (average) of the x is values and y is the mean of the y values See linear
least squares (straight line fitting) for a derivation of these formulas and a numerical example
Under the assumption that the population error has a constant variance the estimate of that
16
variance is given by
This is called the root mean square error (RMSE) of the regression The standard errors of the
parameter estimates are given
Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally
distributed the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create
confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters
224 General Linear Data Model
In the general multiple regression models there are p independent variables yi = β0 + β1X1i +hellip+
βpXpi+ εi The least square parameter estimates are obtained by p normal equations The residual can
be written as
In any case once a regression model has been constructed it is important to confirm the
goodness of fit of the model and the statistical significance of the estimated parameters
Commonly used checks of goodness of fit include the R-squared analyses of the pattern of
residuals and hypothesis testing Statistical significance is checked by an F-test of the
17
overall fit followed by t-tests of individual parameters
Table 22 Description of the Statistic Test
18
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 12
213 Factors Affecting Trip attraction
The personal trip attraction is influenced by factors such as roofed space available for industrial
commercial and other services At the zonal level zonal employment and accessibility are also
used In trip attraction modeling in addition to personal trips freight trip share also of interest
Although the latter comprises about 20 percent of trips their contribution to the congestion is
significant Freight trips are influenced by number of employees number of sales and area of
commercial firms
214 Shopping Trip Attractions
2141 Shopping mall employee and shop number
Shopping mall employee number is a factor for calculating trip attraction rate of shopping mall
Total number of shops is also calculated for developing trip attraction rate for shopping malls
These are done by surveys
2142 Gross floor area of shopping mall
Area of shopping mall is a factor readily available from maps Shopping mall gross floor area is a
more reliable indicator of shopping trip attraction which is calculated by multiplying the one
floor area and total number of floor
2143 Number of parking spaces
Number of parking spaces available for car parking is another important factor for estimating Trip
Attraction Rate
2144 Traffic Analysis Zone
The location of shopping mall also effects the trip attraction of individual Shopping Center A
traffic analysis zone is the unit of geography most commonly used in conventional
12
transportation planning models The size of a zone varies but for typical metropolitan
planning software a zone of under 3000 people is common The spatial extent of zones
typically varies in models ranging from very large areas in the exurb to as small as city blocks or
buildings in central business districts There is no technical reason why zones cannot be as
small as single buildings however additional zones add to the computational burden
Figure 25 Example of TAZ Boundaries
Zones are constructed by census block information Typically these blocks are used in
transportation models by providing socio-economic data States differ in the socio-economic
data that they attribute to the zones Most often the critical information is the number of
automobiles per household household income and employment within these zones This
information helps to further the understanding of trips that are produced and attracted within
the zone Again these zones can change or be altered as mentioned in the first paragraph
This is done typically to eliminate unneeded area to limit the computational burden
13
22 Trip Attraction Analysis
There are several general alternative structures for specifying Trip Attraction which are
i Cross-Classification
ii Regression Analysis
iii Trip Rate Analysis Method
221Cross-Classification
The Cross-Classification Analysis has become most widely accepted This procedure provides
the planner or the highway engineer a basic model structure This structure can be altered for
local situations by substituting or adding variables There are separate recommended model
structures for each type of trip as trip productions trip attraction and internal-external trip
generations
222 Trip Attraction Model Structure
In order to analyze trip attractions the number of trips attracted to certain activities is related
to a measure of the amount of that activity For example the number of trips attracted might
be related to the number of employees in a factory or the number of employees in a store The
structure of the trip attraction model relates trip ends by purpose to the amount character and
in some cases location of the activities as shown below
Table21 Trip Attraction Table
14
In the attraction model structure the amount of activity is reflected in the rate per unit measure
the character of activity by the type of activity and the location by the downtown versus other
retail employment classification
A considerable amount of research and development has focused on the area of disaggregate
models for improved travel demand forecasting The difference between the aggregate and
disaggregate techniques is mainly in the data efficiency Aggregate models are usually based upon
home interview origin and destination data that has been aggregated into zones then the
ldquoaveragerdquo zonal productions and attractions are derived The disaggregate approach is based
on large samples of household types and travel behaviors and uses data directly There are savings
in the amount of data required and some of the data can be transferred to other applications
The disaggregate approach express non-linear relationships and is more easily
understood
223 Regression analysis
Regression analysis is a technique used for the modeling and analysis of numerical data
consisting of values of a dependent variable (response variable) and of one or more independent
variables (explanatory variables) The dependent variable in the regression equation is
modeled as a function of the independent variables corresponding parameters (ldquoconstantrdquo) and
an error term The error term is treated as random variable It represents unexplained variation in
the dependent variable The parameters are estimated so as to give a ldquobest fitrdquo of the data Most
commonly the best fit is evaluated by using the least squares method but other criteria have
also been used The underlying assumptions of linear regression modeling are
The sample must be representative of the population for the inference prediction
bull The dependent variable is subject to error This error is assumed to be a random
variable with a mean of zero Systematic error may be present but its treatment is outside the
scope of regression analysis
bull The independent variable is error-free If this is not so modeling should be done using
errors-invariables model techniques
bull The predictors must be linearly independent ie must not be possible to express any
predictor as a linear combination of the others
15
bull The errors are uncorrelated that is the variance-covariance matrix of the errors is
diagonal and each non-zero element is the variance of the error
bull The variance of the error is constant If not weights should be used
bull The errors follow a normal distribution If not the generalized linear model should be
used
In linear regression the model specification is that the dependent variable yi is a linear
combination of the parameters (but need not be linear in the independent variables) For
example in simple linear regression for modeling N data points there is one independent variable xi
and two parameters β0 and β1 εi is an error term and the subscript i indexes a particular
observation Given a random sample from the population we estimate the population
parameters and obtain the sample linear regression model
yi = β0 + β1Xi + ei Equation (21)
The term ei is the residual ei = yi - yi One method of estimation is ordinary least squares
This method obtains parameter estimates that minimize the sum of squared residuals SSE
SSE = sum e2i Equation (22)
Minimization of this function results in a set of normal equations a set of
simultaneous linear equations in the parameters which are solved to yield the
parameters estimators β0 and β1 See regression coefficients for statistical properties of these
estimators In the case of simple regression the formulas for the least squares estimates are
Where x the mean (average) of the x is values and y is the mean of the y values See linear
least squares (straight line fitting) for a derivation of these formulas and a numerical example
Under the assumption that the population error has a constant variance the estimate of that
16
variance is given by
This is called the root mean square error (RMSE) of the regression The standard errors of the
parameter estimates are given
Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally
distributed the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create
confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters
224 General Linear Data Model
In the general multiple regression models there are p independent variables yi = β0 + β1X1i +hellip+
βpXpi+ εi The least square parameter estimates are obtained by p normal equations The residual can
be written as
In any case once a regression model has been constructed it is important to confirm the
goodness of fit of the model and the statistical significance of the estimated parameters
Commonly used checks of goodness of fit include the R-squared analyses of the pattern of
residuals and hypothesis testing Statistical significance is checked by an F-test of the
17
overall fit followed by t-tests of individual parameters
Table 22 Description of the Statistic Test
18
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 13
transportation planning models The size of a zone varies but for typical metropolitan
planning software a zone of under 3000 people is common The spatial extent of zones
typically varies in models ranging from very large areas in the exurb to as small as city blocks or
buildings in central business districts There is no technical reason why zones cannot be as
small as single buildings however additional zones add to the computational burden
Figure 25 Example of TAZ Boundaries
Zones are constructed by census block information Typically these blocks are used in
transportation models by providing socio-economic data States differ in the socio-economic
data that they attribute to the zones Most often the critical information is the number of
automobiles per household household income and employment within these zones This
information helps to further the understanding of trips that are produced and attracted within
the zone Again these zones can change or be altered as mentioned in the first paragraph
This is done typically to eliminate unneeded area to limit the computational burden
13
22 Trip Attraction Analysis
There are several general alternative structures for specifying Trip Attraction which are
i Cross-Classification
ii Regression Analysis
iii Trip Rate Analysis Method
221Cross-Classification
The Cross-Classification Analysis has become most widely accepted This procedure provides
the planner or the highway engineer a basic model structure This structure can be altered for
local situations by substituting or adding variables There are separate recommended model
structures for each type of trip as trip productions trip attraction and internal-external trip
generations
222 Trip Attraction Model Structure
In order to analyze trip attractions the number of trips attracted to certain activities is related
to a measure of the amount of that activity For example the number of trips attracted might
be related to the number of employees in a factory or the number of employees in a store The
structure of the trip attraction model relates trip ends by purpose to the amount character and
in some cases location of the activities as shown below
Table21 Trip Attraction Table
14
In the attraction model structure the amount of activity is reflected in the rate per unit measure
the character of activity by the type of activity and the location by the downtown versus other
retail employment classification
A considerable amount of research and development has focused on the area of disaggregate
models for improved travel demand forecasting The difference between the aggregate and
disaggregate techniques is mainly in the data efficiency Aggregate models are usually based upon
home interview origin and destination data that has been aggregated into zones then the
ldquoaveragerdquo zonal productions and attractions are derived The disaggregate approach is based
on large samples of household types and travel behaviors and uses data directly There are savings
in the amount of data required and some of the data can be transferred to other applications
The disaggregate approach express non-linear relationships and is more easily
understood
223 Regression analysis
Regression analysis is a technique used for the modeling and analysis of numerical data
consisting of values of a dependent variable (response variable) and of one or more independent
variables (explanatory variables) The dependent variable in the regression equation is
modeled as a function of the independent variables corresponding parameters (ldquoconstantrdquo) and
an error term The error term is treated as random variable It represents unexplained variation in
the dependent variable The parameters are estimated so as to give a ldquobest fitrdquo of the data Most
commonly the best fit is evaluated by using the least squares method but other criteria have
also been used The underlying assumptions of linear regression modeling are
The sample must be representative of the population for the inference prediction
bull The dependent variable is subject to error This error is assumed to be a random
variable with a mean of zero Systematic error may be present but its treatment is outside the
scope of regression analysis
bull The independent variable is error-free If this is not so modeling should be done using
errors-invariables model techniques
bull The predictors must be linearly independent ie must not be possible to express any
predictor as a linear combination of the others
15
bull The errors are uncorrelated that is the variance-covariance matrix of the errors is
diagonal and each non-zero element is the variance of the error
bull The variance of the error is constant If not weights should be used
bull The errors follow a normal distribution If not the generalized linear model should be
used
In linear regression the model specification is that the dependent variable yi is a linear
combination of the parameters (but need not be linear in the independent variables) For
example in simple linear regression for modeling N data points there is one independent variable xi
and two parameters β0 and β1 εi is an error term and the subscript i indexes a particular
observation Given a random sample from the population we estimate the population
parameters and obtain the sample linear regression model
yi = β0 + β1Xi + ei Equation (21)
The term ei is the residual ei = yi - yi One method of estimation is ordinary least squares
This method obtains parameter estimates that minimize the sum of squared residuals SSE
SSE = sum e2i Equation (22)
Minimization of this function results in a set of normal equations a set of
simultaneous linear equations in the parameters which are solved to yield the
parameters estimators β0 and β1 See regression coefficients for statistical properties of these
estimators In the case of simple regression the formulas for the least squares estimates are
Where x the mean (average) of the x is values and y is the mean of the y values See linear
least squares (straight line fitting) for a derivation of these formulas and a numerical example
Under the assumption that the population error has a constant variance the estimate of that
16
variance is given by
This is called the root mean square error (RMSE) of the regression The standard errors of the
parameter estimates are given
Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally
distributed the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create
confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters
224 General Linear Data Model
In the general multiple regression models there are p independent variables yi = β0 + β1X1i +hellip+
βpXpi+ εi The least square parameter estimates are obtained by p normal equations The residual can
be written as
In any case once a regression model has been constructed it is important to confirm the
goodness of fit of the model and the statistical significance of the estimated parameters
Commonly used checks of goodness of fit include the R-squared analyses of the pattern of
residuals and hypothesis testing Statistical significance is checked by an F-test of the
17
overall fit followed by t-tests of individual parameters
Table 22 Description of the Statistic Test
18
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 14
22 Trip Attraction Analysis
There are several general alternative structures for specifying Trip Attraction which are
i Cross-Classification
ii Regression Analysis
iii Trip Rate Analysis Method
221Cross-Classification
The Cross-Classification Analysis has become most widely accepted This procedure provides
the planner or the highway engineer a basic model structure This structure can be altered for
local situations by substituting or adding variables There are separate recommended model
structures for each type of trip as trip productions trip attraction and internal-external trip
generations
222 Trip Attraction Model Structure
In order to analyze trip attractions the number of trips attracted to certain activities is related
to a measure of the amount of that activity For example the number of trips attracted might
be related to the number of employees in a factory or the number of employees in a store The
structure of the trip attraction model relates trip ends by purpose to the amount character and
in some cases location of the activities as shown below
Table21 Trip Attraction Table
14
In the attraction model structure the amount of activity is reflected in the rate per unit measure
the character of activity by the type of activity and the location by the downtown versus other
retail employment classification
A considerable amount of research and development has focused on the area of disaggregate
models for improved travel demand forecasting The difference between the aggregate and
disaggregate techniques is mainly in the data efficiency Aggregate models are usually based upon
home interview origin and destination data that has been aggregated into zones then the
ldquoaveragerdquo zonal productions and attractions are derived The disaggregate approach is based
on large samples of household types and travel behaviors and uses data directly There are savings
in the amount of data required and some of the data can be transferred to other applications
The disaggregate approach express non-linear relationships and is more easily
understood
223 Regression analysis
Regression analysis is a technique used for the modeling and analysis of numerical data
consisting of values of a dependent variable (response variable) and of one or more independent
variables (explanatory variables) The dependent variable in the regression equation is
modeled as a function of the independent variables corresponding parameters (ldquoconstantrdquo) and
an error term The error term is treated as random variable It represents unexplained variation in
the dependent variable The parameters are estimated so as to give a ldquobest fitrdquo of the data Most
commonly the best fit is evaluated by using the least squares method but other criteria have
also been used The underlying assumptions of linear regression modeling are
The sample must be representative of the population for the inference prediction
bull The dependent variable is subject to error This error is assumed to be a random
variable with a mean of zero Systematic error may be present but its treatment is outside the
scope of regression analysis
bull The independent variable is error-free If this is not so modeling should be done using
errors-invariables model techniques
bull The predictors must be linearly independent ie must not be possible to express any
predictor as a linear combination of the others
15
bull The errors are uncorrelated that is the variance-covariance matrix of the errors is
diagonal and each non-zero element is the variance of the error
bull The variance of the error is constant If not weights should be used
bull The errors follow a normal distribution If not the generalized linear model should be
used
In linear regression the model specification is that the dependent variable yi is a linear
combination of the parameters (but need not be linear in the independent variables) For
example in simple linear regression for modeling N data points there is one independent variable xi
and two parameters β0 and β1 εi is an error term and the subscript i indexes a particular
observation Given a random sample from the population we estimate the population
parameters and obtain the sample linear regression model
yi = β0 + β1Xi + ei Equation (21)
The term ei is the residual ei = yi - yi One method of estimation is ordinary least squares
This method obtains parameter estimates that minimize the sum of squared residuals SSE
SSE = sum e2i Equation (22)
Minimization of this function results in a set of normal equations a set of
simultaneous linear equations in the parameters which are solved to yield the
parameters estimators β0 and β1 See regression coefficients for statistical properties of these
estimators In the case of simple regression the formulas for the least squares estimates are
Where x the mean (average) of the x is values and y is the mean of the y values See linear
least squares (straight line fitting) for a derivation of these formulas and a numerical example
Under the assumption that the population error has a constant variance the estimate of that
16
variance is given by
This is called the root mean square error (RMSE) of the regression The standard errors of the
parameter estimates are given
Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally
distributed the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create
confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters
224 General Linear Data Model
In the general multiple regression models there are p independent variables yi = β0 + β1X1i +hellip+
βpXpi+ εi The least square parameter estimates are obtained by p normal equations The residual can
be written as
In any case once a regression model has been constructed it is important to confirm the
goodness of fit of the model and the statistical significance of the estimated parameters
Commonly used checks of goodness of fit include the R-squared analyses of the pattern of
residuals and hypothesis testing Statistical significance is checked by an F-test of the
17
overall fit followed by t-tests of individual parameters
Table 22 Description of the Statistic Test
18
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 15
In the attraction model structure the amount of activity is reflected in the rate per unit measure
the character of activity by the type of activity and the location by the downtown versus other
retail employment classification
A considerable amount of research and development has focused on the area of disaggregate
models for improved travel demand forecasting The difference between the aggregate and
disaggregate techniques is mainly in the data efficiency Aggregate models are usually based upon
home interview origin and destination data that has been aggregated into zones then the
ldquoaveragerdquo zonal productions and attractions are derived The disaggregate approach is based
on large samples of household types and travel behaviors and uses data directly There are savings
in the amount of data required and some of the data can be transferred to other applications
The disaggregate approach express non-linear relationships and is more easily
understood
223 Regression analysis
Regression analysis is a technique used for the modeling and analysis of numerical data
consisting of values of a dependent variable (response variable) and of one or more independent
variables (explanatory variables) The dependent variable in the regression equation is
modeled as a function of the independent variables corresponding parameters (ldquoconstantrdquo) and
an error term The error term is treated as random variable It represents unexplained variation in
the dependent variable The parameters are estimated so as to give a ldquobest fitrdquo of the data Most
commonly the best fit is evaluated by using the least squares method but other criteria have
also been used The underlying assumptions of linear regression modeling are
The sample must be representative of the population for the inference prediction
bull The dependent variable is subject to error This error is assumed to be a random
variable with a mean of zero Systematic error may be present but its treatment is outside the
scope of regression analysis
bull The independent variable is error-free If this is not so modeling should be done using
errors-invariables model techniques
bull The predictors must be linearly independent ie must not be possible to express any
predictor as a linear combination of the others
15
bull The errors are uncorrelated that is the variance-covariance matrix of the errors is
diagonal and each non-zero element is the variance of the error
bull The variance of the error is constant If not weights should be used
bull The errors follow a normal distribution If not the generalized linear model should be
used
In linear regression the model specification is that the dependent variable yi is a linear
combination of the parameters (but need not be linear in the independent variables) For
example in simple linear regression for modeling N data points there is one independent variable xi
and two parameters β0 and β1 εi is an error term and the subscript i indexes a particular
observation Given a random sample from the population we estimate the population
parameters and obtain the sample linear regression model
yi = β0 + β1Xi + ei Equation (21)
The term ei is the residual ei = yi - yi One method of estimation is ordinary least squares
This method obtains parameter estimates that minimize the sum of squared residuals SSE
SSE = sum e2i Equation (22)
Minimization of this function results in a set of normal equations a set of
simultaneous linear equations in the parameters which are solved to yield the
parameters estimators β0 and β1 See regression coefficients for statistical properties of these
estimators In the case of simple regression the formulas for the least squares estimates are
Where x the mean (average) of the x is values and y is the mean of the y values See linear
least squares (straight line fitting) for a derivation of these formulas and a numerical example
Under the assumption that the population error has a constant variance the estimate of that
16
variance is given by
This is called the root mean square error (RMSE) of the regression The standard errors of the
parameter estimates are given
Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally
distributed the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create
confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters
224 General Linear Data Model
In the general multiple regression models there are p independent variables yi = β0 + β1X1i +hellip+
βpXpi+ εi The least square parameter estimates are obtained by p normal equations The residual can
be written as
In any case once a regression model has been constructed it is important to confirm the
goodness of fit of the model and the statistical significance of the estimated parameters
Commonly used checks of goodness of fit include the R-squared analyses of the pattern of
residuals and hypothesis testing Statistical significance is checked by an F-test of the
17
overall fit followed by t-tests of individual parameters
Table 22 Description of the Statistic Test
18
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 16
bull The errors are uncorrelated that is the variance-covariance matrix of the errors is
diagonal and each non-zero element is the variance of the error
bull The variance of the error is constant If not weights should be used
bull The errors follow a normal distribution If not the generalized linear model should be
used
In linear regression the model specification is that the dependent variable yi is a linear
combination of the parameters (but need not be linear in the independent variables) For
example in simple linear regression for modeling N data points there is one independent variable xi
and two parameters β0 and β1 εi is an error term and the subscript i indexes a particular
observation Given a random sample from the population we estimate the population
parameters and obtain the sample linear regression model
yi = β0 + β1Xi + ei Equation (21)
The term ei is the residual ei = yi - yi One method of estimation is ordinary least squares
This method obtains parameter estimates that minimize the sum of squared residuals SSE
SSE = sum e2i Equation (22)
Minimization of this function results in a set of normal equations a set of
simultaneous linear equations in the parameters which are solved to yield the
parameters estimators β0 and β1 See regression coefficients for statistical properties of these
estimators In the case of simple regression the formulas for the least squares estimates are
Where x the mean (average) of the x is values and y is the mean of the y values See linear
least squares (straight line fitting) for a derivation of these formulas and a numerical example
Under the assumption that the population error has a constant variance the estimate of that
16
variance is given by
This is called the root mean square error (RMSE) of the regression The standard errors of the
parameter estimates are given
Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally
distributed the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create
confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters
224 General Linear Data Model
In the general multiple regression models there are p independent variables yi = β0 + β1X1i +hellip+
βpXpi+ εi The least square parameter estimates are obtained by p normal equations The residual can
be written as
In any case once a regression model has been constructed it is important to confirm the
goodness of fit of the model and the statistical significance of the estimated parameters
Commonly used checks of goodness of fit include the R-squared analyses of the pattern of
residuals and hypothesis testing Statistical significance is checked by an F-test of the
17
overall fit followed by t-tests of individual parameters
Table 22 Description of the Statistic Test
18
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 17
variance is given by
This is called the root mean square error (RMSE) of the regression The standard errors of the
parameter estimates are given
Under the further assumption that the population error term is normally
distributed the researcher can use these estimated standard errors to create
confidence intervals and conduct hypothesis tests about the population parameters
224 General Linear Data Model
In the general multiple regression models there are p independent variables yi = β0 + β1X1i +hellip+
βpXpi+ εi The least square parameter estimates are obtained by p normal equations The residual can
be written as
In any case once a regression model has been constructed it is important to confirm the
goodness of fit of the model and the statistical significance of the estimated parameters
Commonly used checks of goodness of fit include the R-squared analyses of the pattern of
residuals and hypothesis testing Statistical significance is checked by an F-test of the
17
overall fit followed by t-tests of individual parameters
Table 22 Description of the Statistic Test
18
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 18
overall fit followed by t-tests of individual parameters
Table 22 Description of the Statistic Test
18
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 19
225 Multiple Regression Analysis
Multiple regression analysis is based on trip generation as a function of one
or more independent variables He approach is mathematical and all of the variables are considered
random and with normal distribution Multiple regression analysis is relatively simple
productions and attractions are coupled with data about the area that is though to impact the
production and attraction of trips For instance the total population is believed to impact the
number of trips produced If we know the number of trips produced and the population for the
present and a few time periods in the past it is possible to develop a relationship between
these parameters using statistical regression Once we are satisfied with the relationship that
has been developed we can extrapolate into the future by plugging the future population into our
relationship and solving for the number of productions The process is called Multiple
Regression because there are normally several variables that impact trip production
and attraction
Yi = A0 + A1i X 1i + A2 X2i + A3X3i Equation (29)
Where
Yi = trip attracted to the Shopping Center at peak hour
X 1i = Gross Floor Area of Shopping Center i
X2i = Number of parking space at Shopping Center i
X3i = Number of shop in the Shopping Center i
A0 = Constant
A1 A2 A3 is regression coefficients
19
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 20
226 Trip Rate Analysis Model
Trip rate analysis model are based on the determination of the average trip production or attraction
rates associated with important trip generator or attractor within the region An example of this
method is given below
Table Rates of Trip Attraction in the Sample Shopping Centers using Trip Rate Analysis model
20
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 21
23 Previous Study Regarding Trip Attraction
Studies on trips and vehicular attraction to land uses have been conducted in most western
countries but few for Asian conditions especially in the Bangladesh There has been limited study
done yet at present to study the trips being attracted to commercial buildings
231 Strategic Transport Plan for Dhaka
In 2004 a project was undertaken by the Government of Bangladesh with the help of World Bank
to prepare a long term Strategic Transport Plan (STP) for the Dhaka Metropolitan Area As a part
of the STP project an urban transport planning model (UTP Model) was developed and used to
forecast future travel demand resulting from different land use scenarios and transport strategies
and to predict the performance of the existing committed and alternative development strategies
for Dhakarsquos urban transport network infrastructure services and policies (STP 2005) The UTP
model developed in the STP study (STP 2005) has some critical weaknesses in assumptions
principles framework and methods The following considerations used in the model
The model uses a three-dimensional matrix balancing to produce balanced matrices that satisfy
trip productions and attractions and trip length frequency distributions These distributions are
produced for trips by each Trip Purpose and by members of each Household Income Group The
trip purposes are Home to Work Home to Education Home to Other Non-Home Based Trip
length frequency distributions for motorized person-trips for each Trip Purpose were
determined from data obtained from the Household Interview Survey The trip generation
productions and attractions predicted for the Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ) together with the
trip length frequency distributions determined from the complete Household Interview Survey
results were input to the Three Dimensional Matrix Balancing module which created trip
origin and destination matrices for each of the four trip purposes and three Household Income
Groups The Trip Length Frequency Distributions from the Household Interview Survey O-
D matrices were created in the UTP model data bank containing the number of person-trips
identified by the Household Interview Survey from TAZ of origin to TAZ of destination
21
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 22
For each Trip Purpose and Household Income Group listings of the number of person-
trips of each 1-km interval of minimum path travel distance were made
The Trip Length Frequency Distributions were kept constant through time This was partly
because there was no logical scientific basis for making alterations At the same time
developments in new areas (such as the satellite cities) will be populated by the same people as
live elsewhere and it is assumed that employment will be provided to accommodate the
population In this way the residents will behave in a similar way to the existing population
According to STP (2005) the trip attraction part needed the most improvements The study did
not attempt to derive any trip attraction model for zones by using any conventional variables on
the ground of their unavailability Instead for trip attractions the number of total trip productions
for the study area was allocated to TAZs based on TAZ population modified by judgment of the
significance of the TAZ in attracting trips However the criteria of lsquojudgment of the significancersquo
were not well defined in fact they were set arbitrarily Moreover prediction of trip production
used trip rates and household number and prediction of trip attraction used population data
making a large difference between production and attraction Since UTP model could not make its
trip attraction analysis based on land use category of Dhaka the Land Use Scenario predicted by
STP is not well reflected in the UTP model
232 Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM)
The critical issues for developing a travel demand model for Dhaka city are how to handle the
extensive growth of a mixed land use pattern the heterogeneous socio-economic structure and
travel behaviors and the mixed transportation system A comprehensive strategic modeling
framework Dhaka Strategic Transport Model (DSTM) is developed and implemented to simulate
the travel demand behavior of Dhaka city It comprises a system of models for simulating the
travel behavior by applying the four-step modeling process The framework is developed based on
a number of principles such as having strategic perspective being market oriented addressing
heterogeneous demand characteristics following disaggregate approach and capturing the multi-
modal nature of the transport system of Dhaka The complexity of the travel demand situation of
22
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 23
Dhaka is addressed by following a simple modular and flexible structure so that individual model
elements can be refined enhanced and applied easily
Trip attraction model of DSTM is based on a GIS map containing land use features classified as
commercial mixed public and housing area and the number of the stories of the buildings for
each land use feature An assessment of gross floor area (GFA) of different land use features has
been made From the survey and literature review trip rates have been established Gross floor
area is multiplied with the established rates to calculate the total number of trips attracted
233 Dhaka Urban Transport Network Development Study (DHUTS)
The study produced the projection of trip attraction on the basis of each purpose by constructing
a simple linear regression equation whose explanatory variables are each corresponding
population (no constant term) Also the prediction models for each low- medium- high-income
strata were constructed
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable
Purpose of Traffic Volime Population as Explanatory
Variable
To Work Worker at Office Base
To School Student at Enrollment Base
Non-Home Based Business Worker at Office Base
Private Worker at Office Base
To Home Night Population
Trip production in RAJUK was set as a control total of the amount of trips all over RAJUK
Based on the trip production and future population distribution by each traffic analysis zone trip
generationattraction was forecasted According to the results of forecasts in all trip purpose all
income group trip generationattraction will significantly increase in eastern fringe area located
in the border area of DCC and DMA
23
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 24
234 Integrated Environmental Strategies (IES) Study in Hyderabad India
IES (2004) study developed a 4-step transport demand model for Hyderabad which is one of the
fastest growing centers of urban development in India The massive growth of the city has
brought with it air quality and congestion problems For various reasons motorized two wheelers
auto rickshaws and private passenger cars have displaced trip making traditionally accomplished
by public transport and bicycle Traffic congestion the predominance of two-stroke vehicles in
the traffic mix and inability of public transport to attract significant ridership have all been
considered responsible for the severe air quality problems in Hyderabad The objective of this
study was to perform analysis policies to address these important issues in Hyderabadrsquos transport
sector The study process consisted of development of models forecast of future travel demand
and analysis of alternative strategies for handling the demand In this particular study an attempt
was made to develop operational models using normally available variables which can be
forecasted with reasonable degree of accuracy The standard and easily available planning
variables at zonal levels such as population employment number of workers residing number of
students residing and student enrollment etc collected as a part of household survey and
secondary data collected were used in the analysis
Regarding trip attraction part various trip attraction equations or models were developed for
work education and other purposes by relating the purpose wise trips attracted to zone with
independent variables such as zone wise employment student enrollment and distance from
CBD accessibility rating and population Work trips attracted to a zone were found to be
significantly related to the zone wise employment while zone wise student enrollment was found
a significant variable in estimating education trips attracted to a zone Employment and
accessibility rating were found to be most significant in estimating one-way other purpose trips
attracted to each zone Accordingly the most significant trip attraction models were used along
with projected values of the selected independent variables for estimating future year zone wise
trip productions and attractions The model predicts 545 million daily home-based inter-zonal
trips for in 2003 when city population is 680 million
24
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 25
235 Trip Attraction Rates of Shopping Centers in Northern New Castle County Delaware
This report presents the trip attraction rates of the shopping centers in Northern New Castle
County in Delaware The study aims to provide an alternative to ITE Trip Generation Manual
(1997) for computing the trip attraction of shopping centers in Delaware As part of this study a
total of eighteen shopping centers were surveyed for which the number of vehicles entering and
leaving the shopping center in every fifteen minutes interval and the number of people visiting
each store in the shopping center along with their movement patterns were measured Based on
the surveyed data and the aerial photographs two approaches microscopic and macroscopic are
developed to compute the trip attraction rate The microscopic approach deals with the
relationship between the trip attraction rates of individual stores and the shopping center as a
whole The macroscopic approach relates the trip attraction of the shopping center as a function of
the physical features of the shopping center eg total parking spaces total floor area and the
number of stores in the shopping center The study shows that microscopic approach gives a
better estimate of trip attraction compared with the macroscopic approach The proposed models
incorporate the factors that have been neglected in ITE Trip Generation Manual These models
should be useful for estimating the traffic volume tofrom a new shopping center which is being
planned and to assess the traffic impact of the shopping center on the geometric design of
roadways in the surrounding area The report consists of the description of the analytical
approach survey methods the data collected from the survey and the analysis of the data using
the models proposed
236 Trip Attraction Development Statistical Modeling Dohuk City Residential Area
According to Khalik amp Taher trip attraction phenomenon was studied for 20 residential out of 28
traffic zones located within Dohuk city urban area composed of more than 300000 in residents
Home-interview travel data was provided for the city were used in addition to special data
collected to perform the trip attraction analysis Attraction trips were classified into seven types
and selected as dependent variables while other variables like number of dwelling units
employment etc are selected as independent variables in the SPSS package to obtain the most
25
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 26
statistically well accepted predicted attraction trip models Some models like HBW trips are
constant eliminated with good (R2 ) value HBSH and HBOH trips are showing weak correlation
with their independent variables like amount of CBD area and number of retail sales located
within CBD area
237 Deciding where to shop disaggregate random utility destination choice modeling of
grocery shopping in canton Zurich
Axhausen and Bodenmann (2008) developed the choice process of individuals deciding where to
shop for groceries Two main datasets were used a trip dataset from the Micro-census for
Swiss travel behavior 2005 in which all locations were geo-coded and a store attribute
dataset compiled by the author from various sources Choice sets were generated based to the
travel time budget of individuals and a random sample with a fixed number of alternatives was
drawn for the discrete choice modeling process Multinomial logit (MNL) models were run for
trips by car and by walking
For the car model the most relevant store attributes in the destination choice process were
found to be the store size and distance required to reach the store in home and non-home
based trips Regarding socio-demographic characteristics of the individuals income and
household size were found to drive the decision over age and gender
Given the number of available observations (810 identified shopping trips locations for all
modes of which 331 by car and 250 by walking) the distribution of the trips by mode (over 70
of the trips by car and walking) and the lack of data for other trips two different models were
estimated one for trips by car and another one for trips done by walking The results for the CAR
model were consistent with expectations where the value of the parameter for distance was a
(significant) deterrent in the shopping decision and store size played an important role in
attracting more customers
Contrary to the CAR model the value of the parameter for the WALK model results in the
distance from home to shop as an (insignificant) incentive to shop for groceries It is against
26
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 27
common sense to believe people will prefer to travel further away from home to shop for
groceries especially when they have to walk to the store A possible explanation for this result
in the model is the store size where people might walk past by many small stores with a
limited offer of goods to shop in larger stores where the offer might be larger Another
explanation might be linked to the data many very small stores which have none or in the
best case just a few shopping destinations attached to them were included in the choice set A
total of 605 of the 1rsquo250 shops in the universe of alternatives (484) are small (under 100 m )
bakeries butchers or small green 2 grocers in which a total of 55 persons in the sample (67)
shopped for groceries The extent of this effect is yet to be determined
Regarding model complexity and interaction of terms slightly better results were observed for
simpler models with linear interactions between the socio-demographic terms and the store
attributes rather than for more complex models with non-linear interactions This result
might be also be related to the low number of observations available to run the CAR model
238 Disaggregate Attraction-End Choice Modeling Formulation and Empirical Analysis
Bhat et al formulated and estimated disaggregate attraction disaggregate attraction-end choice
model that will facilitate the replacement of the aggregate trip attraction models and aggregate
trip distribution model currently used by most metropolitan planning organization The research
estimated attraction end model for two work purpose home based work and home based
shopping and personal business Six sets of explanatory variables were included for each work
purpose of attraction-end choice model (a) impedance variables (b) zonal size measure (c)
zonal attractiveness measure (d) zonal location indicator (e) a zonal spatial structure measure
and (f) interaction of socio demographic variable with impedance and zone associated variables
27
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 28
239 Trip Attraction of Mixed-Use Development in Metropolitan Manila
Fillon amp Tescon developed multiple regression models that estimate the volume of person trips
and vehicles attracted to condominiums catering to mix uses in the study Thirty condominiums
within Metro Manila were randomly selected and their attributes such as the available residential
floor area parking slots commercial floor area occupancy rates and the like were gathered
Morning to afternoon hourly counting of people and vehicles that went to the condominium was
conducted The peak hour volume of people and vehicles was known to occur in the morning
Number of commercial establishments commercial floor area residential floor area and total
number of floors unit occupancy rate building employees employed parking occupancy rate
average person per unit and years in operation Number of entranceexit was taken as site
characteristics Multiple linear regression models were then developed separately on the casual
relationship between peak people and vehicular attraction as related to site characteristics The
resulting equations showed that the residential floor area was strongly related to the peak
vehicular attraction as well as volume of people entering the condominium
24 Summery
28
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 29
CHAPTER THREE
STUDY FRAMEWORK AND DATA COLLECTION
31 Overview
The main purpose of this study is to analysis the current shopping mall trip rate for Dhanmondi
area of Dhaka city For the purpose of this study trip is defined as a journey made by people
from their accommodations and working place to the shopping mall in the Dhanmondi area or
vice versa which there are a total of six shopping malls were listed in the Dhanmondi area
Population In order to attain the aim of the study numbers person and car incoming to the
shopping malls were collected at peak hour period
Dhaka city is selected as a study area because it has been identified as the faster growing city in
Bangladesh The study tends to get the recent trip attraction pattern of the Dhaka city with the
new development of their surrounding area The process of completing the study involves 3 steps
which could be categorized into a basic approaches namely data collection analysis and primary
school trip generation model building This chapter will discuss in sequence the procedure
applied in achieving the objectives of the study at next page in Figure 31
29
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 30
Fig 31 Study flow chart
30
Phase 1 Initial Study
Preliminary understanding of the Trip Attraction concept
Literature review Problem statement Aim objective and overview of
study
Phase 2 Survey and Data collection
Survey
Site survey Shopping mall survey Parking space survey
Data collection
Total number of parking space and gross floor area
Total number of storey shops and employees
Total number of incoming people and car at peak period
Phase 3 Calculation and Analysis of Shopping trip attraction rate
Phase 4 Conclusion
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 31
The first phase of this study involves initial study about the fundamental of trip generation and
trip attraction model Through this initial study a basic concept or idea about the fundamental of
trip attraction rate calculation method can be understood This first phase is important in order to
apply the concept in the detailed analysis in phase three
Primary and secondary data were collected For data such as Dhanmondi area population land
use employment land value and other physical features of shopping centers in Dhanmondi area
were collected The data of shopping mall was obtained for the year 2011 This survey can
be done by site visit or comparing the data with local plan reports or refer to the local authority
The number of incoming people and car attracted to the shopping mall were collected during
peak period at 15 minutes interval
In the third phase the data will be analyzed to calculate the trip attraction
rate Through the calculation relationship between every parameter will be determined and
significance of every parameter also can be defined Furthermore the attraction of shopping trip
generation can be determined for Dhanmondi area
As a final product of this study shopping trip attraction rate in Dhaka city will be determined
and the mathematical relationships that synthesis trip attraction pattern on the basis of
observed trips will be produce The trip rates of the shopping centers will indicate the
relationship between three parameters that used in the model which is accessibility holding
capacity and cost index
32 Study area
Once the nature of the problem at hand is identified the study area can be
defined to encompass the area of expected Study areas are geographic boundaries
created to define the extent of the study analysis The boundary of this study area to
as the external cordon include the develop area The location of the boundary also
important to defined the location of the shopping centers in Dhanmondi area of Dhaka city In
recent decades there are significant numbers of shopping mall had been constructed in
Dhanmondi area which affects the travel pattern in the area The shopping mall growth rate in
the area is higher Six different shopping mall on Mirpur road was selected for calculating the
31
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 32
trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall
Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza The study area is situated in TAZ 2 of Dhaka city
Fig 32 Map of the study area with studied shopping mall location Dhanmondi Dhaka
(Source Google Map)
32
Adel Plaza
Rapa Plaza
Plaza AR
ARA Center Orchard Point
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 33
Shopping Center centered study
The survey was conducted for six Shopping Centers (Shopping Centers) in Dhanmondi Mirpur
road Dhaka This section describes how the Shopping Centers are categorized into different
groups for the purpose of analysis and the characteristics of the Shopping Centers belonging to
these groups The Shopping Centers are classified into 4 groups based on the composition of the
stores in the Shopping Center
Type 1 This is a large Shopping Center with a large supermarket a large discount retail store one
or two restaurants a bank and many small stores are located The Shopping Center in this category
are New market Gulshan shopping center Mohakhali Municipal Market Bashundhara City
Type 2 This is a medium size Shopping Center where a medium sized supermarket a medium
sized discount retail store and many smaller stores are located The Shopping Centers in this
category are Rapa plaza Metro Shopping Mall
Type 3 This is a small Shopping Center where one supermarket and several small stores are
located The Shopping Centers in the category are ARA Center Sunrise Plaza
Type 4 This is a collection of specialty stores but does not include a supermarket or discount
retail store The Shopping Centers in this category are Multiplan Center BCS Computer city
This study concludes the type 1 and type 2 Shopping center s in Dhanmondi area The location of
the Shopping Centers surveyed is shown in Figure 32
33
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 34
Fig 33 A front view of ARA Center Mirpur Road Dhaka
Fig 34 A front view of Metro Shopping Mall Mirpur Road Dhaka
34
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 35
34 Time of Survey
The data was collected on different days of the week and different times of the day for a
period of 1 month (Late Autumn of 2011 during October) all the data was collected for every 15
minutes time interval This interval is chosen because Highway Capacity Manual uses
this interval as the base unit for capacity calculation and also it is rather practical from
the standpoint of the person collecting the data The typical duration of a survey was
three hours The smaller Shopping Centers were observed between 4 pm and 7 pm usually
during the weekdays The larger Shopping Centers were observed during the peak hour traffic on
Fridays (4 pm-7 pm)
35 Data required
Based on the models proposed in Chapter 2 the data required for the analysis is divided into two
general categories
The trip attraction rate (Trip Attraction Rate) of the whole Shopping Center in terms of the
number of vehicles and person entering the Shopping Center in 15-minute intervals
The physical features of the Shopping Center eg floor space of individual storey The total
floor area of Shopping Center (cumulative floor area of all stores in the Shopping Center) number
of parking spaces no of employee total number of shops and total site area
36 Initial Survey
Dhanmondi in Dhaka is located just beside the busy roads (Mirpur-Azimpur) Analysis of
existing data (from BRTC BUET 2010) indicates that all types of vehicle (motorized and non-
motorized) use this road There are several shopping malls on this road Among them six
shopping mall were selected for calculating trip attraction rate The shopping malls are Orchard
point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel Plaza From initial
survey it was found that The peak period generally occurs at evening So data collection time
was set from (400 pm -7 pm) The physical features of the shopping centers like no of entry
gate no of storey parking space availability area of each floor space were also estimated initial
survey
35
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 36
37 Data collection
371 Physical features of shopping mall
Six Shopping Center (Shopping Center) were selected from initial survey The Shopping
Centerrsquos are Orchard point ARA Center Metro Shopping Mall Rapa plaza Plaza AR and Adel
Plaza
The Shopping Center site area was calculated from using website like Wikimapia As the
Shopping Centerrsquos are geometrically rectangle shapes the length and width of each shopping
mall was measured using odometer Then floor area is calculated multiplying the length and
width The Gross Floor Area (Gross Floor Area) of each Shopping Center was calculated by
multiplying the floor area and number of storey
Data regarding Number of storey number of shops total number of employee and number of
entry and exit gate were collected by visual observation and through the consultation of
Shopping Center authority
The Shopping Centers contain stores and parking spaces The number of parking spaces is based
upon accessibility characteristics eg pedestrian orientation and transit availability The
minimum standard for parking space for the Shopping Center is 5 spaces per 1000 square feet
retail area (Calthorpe 1993 Steiner 1998) A rule of thumb parking requirement is two
hundred square feet per vehicle The scale of the Shopping Center the distance between
establishments (stores) the vast parking lots to cross and lack of direct pedestrian
connections discourage the visitor to travel from store to store on foot (Campoli Humstone
and McLean 2002) Based on our observation in all the Shopping Centerrsquos surveyed there are
plenty of parking spaces The data is obtained from the Shopping Center authority The physical
features of each shopping mall are given next page obtained by survey
36
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 37
Table 31 Table showing the number of entry and exit gate of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Entry gates
Orchard Point 2
ARA Center 1
Plaza AR 2
Metro Shopping Center 2
Rapa Plaza 2
Adel Plaza 2
Table 32 Table showing the total number of shops of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Shops
Orchard Point 80
ARA Center 38
Plaza AR 75
Metro Shopping Center 165
Rapa Plaza 85
Adel Plaza 10
37
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 38
Table 33 Table showing the total number of parking spaces of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total Number of Parking Spaces
Orchard Point 60
ARA Center 20
Plaza AR 40
Metro Shopping Center 65
Rapa Plaza 90
Adel Plaza 20
Table 34 Table showing total number employees of each shopping center
Name of the Shopping Center Total number of Employees
Orchard Point 300
ARA Center 80
Plaza AR 250
Metro Shopping Center 500
Rapa Plaza 300
Adel Plaza 130
Table 35 Table showing the floor area total number of floor and gross floor area of each shopping center
38
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 39
Name of the Shopping Center
Floor Area(Sq feet)
Total number of Floors
Gross Floor Area(Sq feet)
Orchard Point 12956 6 77736
ARA Center 5481 4 21924
Plaza AR 12831 6 76986
Metro Shopping Center
13321 6 79926
Rapa Plaza 13300 6 79800
Adel Plaza 6825 8 54600
372 Trip Attraction at 15 minute interval
The Trip Attraction of the Shopping Centers is obtained from the number of people and vehicles
entering the Shopping Center in every 15 minutes interval Number of incoming shoppers and
car trips were counted by survey for every 15 minute intervals during the peak period The peak
period time range was (400 pm- 700 pm) Incoming shopping trip counts were collected by
visual observation One surveyor was appointed in each gate of the shopping center Data were
collected for typical week day and week end day (Friday Saturday) For each shopping center
data were collected for two days to get the shopper trip variation during week day and weekends
There is a large variation in the number of people coming to the Shopping Center depending on
the number of the time of the day day of the week and the season The fluctuations in the Trip
Attraction Rate of the stores and the Shopping Center on the whole show the complexity involved in
studying the trip attraction of Shopping Centers Table shows the number of vehicles and people
entering the Shopping Center during a three-hour survey period for two different days The
graphs showing variation of trips for weekday and weekends for six Shopping Centers included in
the survey in the following pages
Table 36 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen
minutes intervals
39
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 40
Week day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 8415pm-430pm 144 9430pm-445pm 160 13445pm-500pm 164 16
500pm-515pm 182 11515pm-530pm 209 9530pm-545pm 167 11545pm-600pm 173 13
600pm-615pm 172 12615pm-630pm 154 9630pm-645pm 195 17645pm-700pm 185 14
Table 37 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Rapa Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 122 7415pm-430pm 137 8430pm-445pm 149 9445pm-500pm 159 12
500pm-515pm 168 12515pm-530pm 178 13530pm-545pm 157 11545pm-600pm 175 13
600pm-615pm 187 15615pm-630pm 151 12630pm-645pm 165 15
645pm-700pm 170 8
40
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 41
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100110120130140150160170180190200210220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 31 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
1012141618
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Rapa Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 32 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Rapa plaza (at 15 min interval)
41
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 42
Table 38 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 103 8415pm-430pm 101 10430pm-445pm 107 14445pm-500pm 115 10
500pm-515pm 130 13515pm-530pm 106 15530pm-545pm 88 19545pm-600pm 97 15
600pm-615pm 114 13615pm-630pm 133 13630pm-645pm 140 16645pm-700pm 104 11
Table 39 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to Orchard point in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 106 9415pm-430pm 127 11430pm-445pm 157 14445pm-500pm 123 8
500pm-515pm 146 11515pm-530pm 140 9530pm-545pm 120 14545pm-600pm 109 13
600pm-615pm 149 11615pm-630pm 153 14630pm-645pm 162 13
645pm-700pm 136 8
42
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 43
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 33 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
101214161820
Variation In Car Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Orchard point (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 34 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Orchard Point(at 15 min interval)
43
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 44
Table 310 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Monday Date03-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 133 5415pm-430pm 160 7430pm-445pm 203 8445pm-500pm 148 5
500pm-515pm 197 6515pm-530pm 166 5530pm-545pm 170 8545pm-600pm 140 8
600pm-615pm 190 5615pm-630pm 185 10630pm-645pm 170 7645pm-700pm 165 5
Table 311 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Metro Shopping Mall in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date07-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 127 5415pm-430pm 142 4430pm-445pm 161 7445pm-500pm 136 6
500pm-515pm 200 4515pm-530pm 147 8530pm-545pm 148 5545pm-600pm 150 7
600pm-615pm 154 4615pm-630pm 157 9630pm-645pm 185 5
645pm-700pm 178 6
44
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 45
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm100
120
140
160
180
200
220
Person Trip Attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 Variation at Metro Shopping center (at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 35 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping Mall(at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Metro Shopping Mall ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 36 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Metro Shopping mall (at 15 min interval)
45
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 46
Table 312 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Sunday Date23-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 22 5415pm-430pm 15 3430pm-445pm 24 5445pm-500pm 22 4
500pm-515pm 37 9515pm-530pm 23 4530pm-545pm 32 10545pm-600pm 34 6
600pm-615pm 27 7615pm-630pm 17 4630pm-645pm 23 6645pm-700pm 16 3
Table 313 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the ARA Center in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date28-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 25 6415pm-430pm 20 3430pm-445pm 30 7445pm-500pm 32 5
500pm-515pm 40 10515pm-530pm 35 7530pm-545pm 45 10545pm-600pm 36 5
600pm-615pm 30 4615pm-630pm 22 3630pm-645pm 25 6
645pm-700pm 20 5
46
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 47
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Variation of Person Trip attraction in Day 1 amp Day 2 at ARA Center(15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 37 graph showing the variation person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
Variation In Car Trip Atraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 38 graph showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at ARA Center(at 15 min interval)
47
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 48
Table 314 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Friday Date14-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 117 5415pm-430pm 120 8430pm-445pm 135 10445pm-500pm 143 11
500pm-515pm 140 13515pm-530pm 145 12530pm-545pm 134 8545pm-600pm 115 9
600pm-615pm 164 11615pm-630pm 163 10630pm-645pm 145 8645pm-700pm 138 7
Table 315 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Plaza AR in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Thursday Date13-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 105 7415pm-430pm 112 10430pm-445pm 117 11445pm-500pm 111 15
500pm-515pm 127 13515pm-530pm 86 12530pm-545pm 108 9545pm-600pm 90 8
600pm-615pm 81 12615pm-630pm 138 7630pm-645pm 140 7
645pm-700pm 125 6
48
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 49
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm60708090
100110120130140150160170180
Variation in Person Trip attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Plaza AR(at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 39 graph showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm02468
10121416
Variation In Car Trip Atrraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Plaza AR ( at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 310 graphs showing the variation of car Trip Attraction Rate day 1 and day 2 at Plaza AR (at 15 min interval)
49
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 50
Table 316 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals Week day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 70 5415pm-430pm 85 4430pm-445pm 76 7445pm-500pm 80 5
500pm-515pm 100 9515pm-530pm 92 4530pm-545pm 95 7545pm-600pm 88 5
600pm-615pm 108 5615pm-630pm 110 8630pm-645pm 115 12645pm-700pm 104 12
Table 317 Number of incoming persons and incoming vehicles to the Adel Plaza in fifteen minutes intervals
Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011
Time interval Incoming people Incoming Vehicle(car)
400pm-415pm 63 6415pm-430pm 70 4430pm-445pm 77 6445pm-500pm 83 5
500pm-515pm 97 7515pm-530pm 89 9530pm-545pm 81 7545pm-600pm 74 4
600pm-615pm 92 5615pm-630pm 88 9630pm-645pm 115 8
645pm-700pm 110 8
50
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 51
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm40
50
60
70
80
90
100
110
120
Variation in Person Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2 at Adel Plaza ( at 15 min interval)
Person Trip(in) DAY 1Person Trip(in) DAY 2
Pers
on T
rip
Graph 311 graphs showing the variation of person trip attraction in day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
400pm-415pm
415pm-430pm
430pm-445pm
445pm-500pm
500pm-515pm
515pm-530pm
530pm-545pm
545pm-600pm
600pm-615pm
615pm-630pm
630pm-645pm
645pm-700pm0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14 Variation In Car Trip Attraction of Day 1 amp Day 2at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
Car Trip(in) DAY 1Car Trip(in) DAY 2
car t
rip
Graph 312 graphs showing the variation of car trip attraction of day 1 and day 2 at Adel Plaza (at 15 min interval)
51
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 52
CHAPTER FOUR
ANALYSIS AND FINDINGS
41 Overview
The chapter focuses on the calculation of trip attraction rates of the studied Shopping Centers
The rates are estimated with the collected survey data Trip rate analysis method will be applied
for calculating Trip Attraction Rate of the studied shopping center At first PM peak hour
incoming trip will be calculated from the collected data both person trip and car trip for each
shopping center After the estimation of pm peak hour trip rate the trip rate will be used to
calculate Trip Attraction Rate with respect to the physical features of Shopping Centers At last a
variation of Trip Attraction Rates among different shopping malls will be shown The Trip
Attraction Rate will be calculated both for typical week day and week end for each Shopping
Center From the Trip Attraction Rates of day 1 and day 2 an average trip rate will be calculated
42 Peak hour trip rate calculation
Six different Shopping center of Dhanmondi areas were studied Data were collected for each
Shopping Center from (4 pm ndash 7 pm) which is the peak period for Shopping Centers The
number of incoming people and number of car was counted for every 15 minutes interval The
sum of every 4 consecutive interval incoming trip is then counted for calculating peak hour
incoming trip rate Summation of every 4 interval data will be calculated for hourly trip rate The
highest hourly data will be considered as peak hour trip rate for each Shopping Center This
procedure will be done for both day1 and day 2 data In the next consecutive pages peak hour
trip rate calculation will be shown in tabular format
52
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 53
Table 41 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Rapa Plaza Day 1 Week Day Saturday Date 29-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 127
595
415pm-430pm 144
650
430pm-445pm 160
715
445pm-500pm 164
722
500pm-515pm 182
731
515pm-530pm 209
721
530pm-545pm 167
666
545pm-600pm 173
694
600pm-615pm 172
706615pm-630pm 154 630pm-645pm 195 645pm-700pm 185
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 731 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm)
-500(pm
)
415(pm)
-515(pm
)
430(pm)
-530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm)
-615(pm
)
530(pm)
-630(pm
)
545(pm)
-645(pm
)
600(pm)
-700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
46
415pm-430pm 9
38
430pm-445pm 13
40
445pm-500pm 16
36
500pm-515pm 11
31
515pm-530pm 9
44
530pm-545pm 11
54
545pm-600pm 13
62
600pm-615pm 12
65615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 17 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 65 CarHr
Table 42 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
53
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 54
Day 2 Week Day Thursday Date 27-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 122
567
415pm-430pm 137
613
430pm-445pm 149
654
445pm-500pm 159
662
500pm-515pm 168
678
515pm-530pm 178
697
530pm-545pm 157
670
545pm-600pm 175
678
600pm-615pm 187
673615pm-630pm 151 630pm-645pm 165 645pm-700pm 170
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 697 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
36
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 9
33
445pm-500pm 12
37
500pm-515pm 12
36
515pm-530pm 13
49
530pm-545pm 11
64
545pm-600pm 13
66
600pm-615pm 15
63615pm-630pm 12 630pm-645pm 15 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 66 CarHr
54
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 55
Table 43 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 20-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 103
426
415pm-430pm 101
453
430pm-445pm 107
458
445pm-500pm 115
439
500pm-515pm 130
421
515pm-530pm 106
405
530pm-545pm 88
432
545pm-600pm 97
484
600pm-615pm 114
491615pm-630pm 133 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 431 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 8
42
415pm-430pm 10
34
430pm-445pm 14
37
445pm-500pm 10
38
500pm-515pm 13
47
515pm-530pm 15
62
530pm-545pm 19
75
545pm-600pm 15
76
600pm-615pm 13
71615pm-630pm 13 630pm-645pm 16 645pm-700pm 14
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 76 CarHr
55
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 56
Table 44 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Orchard Point
Day 2 Week day Friday Date 21-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 106
513
415pm-430pm 127
553
430pm-445pm 157
566
445pm-500pm 123
529
500pm-515pm 146
515
515pm-530pm 140
518
530pm-545pm 120
531
545pm-600pm 109
573
600pm-615pm 149
600615pm-630pm 153 630pm-645pm 162 645pm-700pm 136
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 7005PM ) 600TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 9
42
415pm-430pm 11
33
430pm-445pm 14
33
445pm-500pm 8
28
500pm-515pm 11
34
515pm-530pm 9
47
530pm-545pm 14
61
545pm-600pm 13
65
600pm-615pm 11
59615pm-630pm 14 630pm-645pm 13
56
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 57
645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 65 CarHrTable 45 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping Mall
Day 1 Week day Monday Date 03-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 127
566
415pm-430pm 142
639
430pm-445pm 161
644
445pm-500pm 136
631
500pm-515pm 200
645
515pm-530pm 147
599
530pm-545pm 148
609
545pm-600pm 150
646
600pm-615pm 154
674615pm-630pm 157 630pm-645pm 185 645pm-700pm 178
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 674 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
22
415pm-430pm 4
17
430pm-445pm 7
17
445pm-500pm 6
18
500pm-515pm 4
18
515pm-530pm 8
25
530pm-545pm 6
34
545pm-600pm 7
31
600pm-615pm 4
33615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 5 645pm-700pm 8
57
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 58
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630PM ) 34 CarHr
Table 46 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Metro Shopping MallDay 2 Week day Friday Date 07-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 133
644
415pm-430pm 160
708
430pm-445pm 203
714
445pm-500pm 148
681
500pm-515pm 197
673
515pm-530pm 166
666
530pm-545pm 170
685
545pm-600pm 140
685
600pm-615pm 190
710615pm-630pm 185 630pm-645pm 170 645pm-700pm 165
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (430 PM - 530PM ) 714 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
25
415pm-430pm 7
20
430pm-445pm 8
19
445pm-500pm 5
16
500pm-515pm 6
19
515pm-530pm 5
27
530pm-545pm 8
36
545pm-600pm 8
38
600pm-615pm 5 35
615pm-630pm 10
58
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 59
630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645PM ) 38 CarHr
Table 47 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center
Day 1 Week day Sunday Date 23-10-2011Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 22
83
415pm-430pm 15
98
430pm-445pm 24
106
445pm-500pm 22
114
500pm-515pm 37
126
515pm-530pm 23
116
530pm-545pm 32
110
545pm-600pm 34
101
600pm-615pm 27
83615pm-630pm 17 630pm-645pm 23 645pm-700pm 16
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (500 PM - 600PM ) 126 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
17
415pm-430pm 3
12
430pm-445pm 5
18
445pm-500pm 4
17
500pm-515pm 9
23
515pm-530pm 4
29
530pm-545pm 10 31
545pm-600pm 6 33
59
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 60
600pm-615pm 7
26615pm-630pm 4 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 3
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (545 PM - 645 PM ) 33 CarHr
Table 48 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of ARA Center Day 2 Week day Friday Date 28-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 25
107
415pm-430pm 20
122
430pm-445pm 30
137
445pm-500pm 32
152
500pm-515pm 40
156
515pm-530pm 35
146
530pm-545pm 45
133
545pm-600pm 36
113
600pm-615pm 30
97615pm-630pm 22 630pm-645pm 25 645pm-700pm 20
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615PM ) 146 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in) 400
(pm)-
500(pm)
415(pm)
-515(pm)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm)
-545(pm)
500(pm)
-600(pm)
515(pm)
-615(pm)
530(pm)
-630(pm)
545(pm)
-645(pm)
600(pm)
-700(pm)
400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 3
15
430pm-445pm 7
22
445pm-500pm 5
22
500pm-515pm 10
27
515pm-530pm 7 32
530pm-545pm 10 29
60
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 61
545pm-600pm 5
28
600pm-615pm 4
23615pm-630pm 3 630pm-645pm 6 645pm-700pm 5
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (515 PM - 615 PM ) 32 CarHr
Table 49 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza AR
Day 1 Week day Thursday Date 13-10-2011Time interval Car
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 105
445
415pm-430pm 112
340
430pm-445pm 117
355
445pm-500pm 111
324
500pm-515pm 127
321
515pm-530pm 86
411
530pm-545pm 108
503
545pm-600pm 90
557
600pm-615pm 81
574615pm-630pm 138 630pm-645pm 140 645pm-700pm 125
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM ndash 700 PM ) 574 TripHr
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 7
43
415pm-430pm 10
36
430pm-445pm 11
39
445pm-500pm 1540
500pm-515pm 13 38
61
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 62
515pm-530pm 12
46
530pm-545pm 13
51
545pm-600pm 8
46
600pm-615pm 11
39615pm-630pm 7 630pm-645pm 7 645pm-700pm 6
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 51 CarHr
Table 410 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Plaza ARDay 2 Week Day Friday Date 14-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 117
515
415pm-430pm 120
538
430pm-445pm 135
563
445pm-500pm 143
562
500pm-515pm 140
534
515pm-530pm 145
558
530pm-545pm 134
576
545pm-600pm 115
587
600pm-615pm 164
610615pm-630pm 163 630pm-645pm 145 645pm-700pm 138
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 610 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
34
415pm-430pm 8
29
430pm-445pm 1034
445pm-500pm 11 36
62
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 63
500pm-515pm 13
33
515pm-530pm 12
42
530pm-545pm 8
47
545pm-600pm 9
43
600pm-615pm 8
42615pm-630pm 10 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 7
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 47 CarHrTable 411 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plaza
Day 2 Week day Saturday Date 22-10-2011 Time interval Person
Trip(in)400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 70
311
415pm-430pm 85
341
430pm-445pm 76
348
445pm-500pm 80
367
500pm-515pm 100
375
515pm-530pm 92
383
530pm-545pm 95
401
545pm-600pm 88
421
600pm-615pm 108
437615pm-630pm 110 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 104
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 637 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 5
21
415pm-430pm 4
16
430pm-445pm 7
21
445pm-500pm 518
500pm-515pm 9 20
63
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 64
515pm-530pm 4
25
530pm-545pm 7
29
545pm-600pm 5
37
600pm-615pm 5
42615pm-630pm 8 630pm-645pm 12 645pm-700pm 12
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700 PM ) 42 CarHr
Table 412 Peak hour trip rate calculation both for person and car trip of Adel plazaDay 1 Week Day Monday Date 17-10-2011
Time interval Person Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 63
293
415pm-430pm 70
327
430pm-445pm 77
346
445pm-500pm 83
350
500pm-515pm 97
341
515pm-530pm 89
336
530pm-545pm 81
335
545pm-600pm 74
369
600pm-615pm 92
405615pm-630pm 88 630pm-645pm 115 645pm-700pm 110
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (600 PM - 700PM ) 405 TRIP HOUR
Time interval Car Trip(in)
400(pm
)-
500(pm
)
415(pm
)-
515(pm
)
430(pm
)-
530(pm
)
445(pm
)-
545(pm
)
500(pm
)-
600(pm
)
515(pm
)-
615(pm
)
530(pm
)-
630(pm
)
545(pm
)-
645(pm
)
600(pm
)-
700(pm
)400pm-415pm 6
21
415pm-430pm 4
15
430pm-445pm 618
445pm-500pm 5 21
64
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 65
500pm-515pm 7
23
515pm-530pm 9
27
530pm-545pm 7
34
545pm-600pm 4
33
600pm-615pm 5
34615pm-630pm 9 630pm-645pm 8 645pm-700pm 8
Peak Hour Trip Attraction from (530 PM - 630 PM ) 34 CarHr
43 Trip Attraction Rate calculation and findings
After estimation of peak hour trip rate for each day and each Shopping Center Trip Attraction
Rates Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated The Trip Attraction Rate will be calculated relating
the peak hour trip rate with the physical features of the Shopping Centers
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 1000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour person trip Gross Floor Area (GFA))1000
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per shop per hour) = (Peak hour person trip total number of shop)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per entry gate per hour) = (Peak hour person trip number of entry gate)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(Trips per 100 employees per hour) = (Peak hour person triptotal no of employee of Shopping
Center)100
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10 parking spaces per hour) = (Peak hour car triptotal number of parking spaces)10
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(Trips per 10000 sq ft per hour) = (Peak hour car trip Gross Floor Area)10000
65
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 66
Using the equations Trip Attraction Rates will be calculated for six Shopping Center s and also
for day 1 and day 2 From the Trip Attraction Rate of day 1 and day 2 Average Trip Attraction
Rate will be calculated for each Shopping Center A Grand Average of the Average Trip
Attraction will be calculated After that The Standard Deviation of Average Trip Attraction Rate
of the Shopping Centers from Grand Average will be calculated using the equation
Table 413 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(col 1)
Day
(col 2)
PM peak hour person
trip (in)(col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)(col 4)
PM peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 1000 ft2 hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)1000
Orchard Point 1 431 77736 55
2 600 77736 77
Avg 5155 77736 66
ARACenter 1 126 21924 57
2 146 21924 67
Avg 136 21924 62
Plaza AR 1 574 76986 75
2 610 76986 79
Avg 592 76986 77Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 79926 84
2 714 79926 89
Avg 694 79926 87
Rapa Plaza 1 697 79800 87
66
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 67
2 731 79800 92
Avg 714 79800 89
Adel Plaza 1 405 54600 74
2 637 54600 117
Avg 521 54600 95Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate =79 (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Range = (62 ndash 95) (trips 1000 ft2 hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
From the Table 413 and Graph 41 Adel Plaza (Arong) has been noticed with highest average
peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 95 person trip1000 ft2hr and Orchard point is found with the
least average peak hour Trip Attraction Rate 62 person trip1000 ft2hr Grand Average of Peak
hour person trip attraction rate has been calculated 79 trips 1000 ft2 hour Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand
Average is calculated 12 trips 1000 ft2 hour Adel plaza is found with highest person trip per
1000 ft2 area during peak hour From the chart it has been clearly noticeable that day 2 (week
ends) is found with higher Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) than day 1 (typical
working day) for six Shopping Centers
67
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 68
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
PM peak hour car trip attraction rate (person trip1000 sq feethr) variation for different SC
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
tri
p1
000s
q f
eet
hr
Graph 41 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip1000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 414 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips 100 employee hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of employee
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips 100 employee hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)100
Orchard Point 1 431 300 144
2 600 300 200
Avg 516 300 172
68
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 69
ARACenter 1 126 80 158
2 146 80 183
Avg 136 80 170
Plaza AR 1 574 250 230
2 610 250 244
Avg 592 250 237Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 500 135
2 714 500 143
Avg 694 500 139
Rapa Plaza 1 697 300 232
2 731 300 244
Avg 714 300 238
Adel Plaza 1 405 130 312
2 637 130 490
Avg 521 130 401Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 226 (trips 100 employee hour) Range = (136 to 401) (trips 100 employee hour) Standard Deviation (SD)= 943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Table 414 and Graph 42 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Trip Attraction Rate
(person10 employeehour) of six Shopping Centers Again Adel Plazais found with highest
person trip 10 employees hour with a value of 401 Metro Shopping Mall has been attracted
least Trip Attraction Rate 136 person10 employeehour Plaza A R and Rapa Plaza attract
nearly 238 person trip 100 employee per hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip
Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers is calculated 226 trips 100 employee hour The
Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from grand average of
different Shopping Centers is found 943 trips 100 employee hour Day 2 has been made
greater Trip Attraction Rate (person10 employeehour) than day 1
69
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 70
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (person100 employeehr) variation for dif-
ferent shopping centers
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
100
em
plo
yee
hr
Graph 42 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person trip100 employeehr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 415 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips entry gate hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of entry gate
( col 4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips entry gate hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)
Orchard Point 1 431 2 2155
2 600 2 3000
Avg 516 2 2578
70
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 71
ARACenter 1 126 1 1260
2 146 1 1460
Avg 136 1 1360
Plaza AR 1 574 2 2870
2 610 2 3050
Avg 592 2 2960
Metro Shopping Center 1 674 2 3370
2 714 2 3570
Avg 694 2 3470
Rapa Plaza 1 697 2 3485
2 731 2 3655
Avg 714 2 3570
Adel Plaza 1 405 2 2025
2 637 2 3185
Avg 521 2 2605Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 276 trips entry gate hour
Range = (136 to 357) trips entry gate hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 802 trips entry gate hour
Table 415 and Graph 43 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (personentry
gatehr) variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has only one entry gate Rest of the
Shopping Centers has two entry gates But ARA Center is found with least peak hour Trip
Attraction Rate value 136 (personentry gatehr) Rapa plaza is found with highest Trip
Attraction Rate 357 personentry gatehr Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction
Rate of different Shopping Centers is found 226 trips entry gate hour The Standard Deviation
(SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates from Grand Average of different Shopping
Centers is found 802 trips entry gate hour
71
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 72
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
Peak hour trip attraction rate (personentry gatehr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
en
try
gate
hr
Graph 43 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripentry gate hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 416 Calculation of Peak hour person trip attraction rate (trips shop hour)
Name the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour person trip
(in)
( col 3)
Total no of shops
( col4)
Peak hour person trip attraction rate
(trips shop hour)
col 5=( col 3col4)
Orchard Point 1 431 80 54
2 600 80 75
Avg 516 80 64
72
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 73
ARACenter 1 126 38 33
2 146 38 38
Avg 136 38 36
Plaza AR 1 574 75 77
2 610 75 81
Avg 592 75 79Metro Shopping
Center 1 674 165 41
2 714 165 43
Avg 694 165 42
Rapa Plaza 1 697 85 82
2 731 85 86
Avg 714 85 84
Adel Plaza 1 405 10 405
2 637 10 637
Avg 521 10 521Grand Average of Peak hour person trip attraction rate = 14 trips shop hour
Range = (36 to 521) trips shop hour
Standard Deviation(SD) = 188 trips shop hour
Table 416 and Graph 44 have indicated the peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (trips shop hour)
variation of six Shopping Centers ARA Center has produced least peak hour Trip Attraction
Rate value 36 trips shop hour Adel plaza has made highest Trip Attraction Rate 521 trips
shop hour Grand Average of Peak hour person Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping
Centers is found 14 trips shop hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip
Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from Grand Average is found 188 trips shop
hour
73
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 74
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Peak hour person trip attraction rate (personshophr) variation for different SCs
Day 1Day 2Avg
per
son
sh
oph
r
Graph 44 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (person tripshophr) of different SCs
Table 417 Calculation of peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Name of the Shopping center
(Col1)
Day( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)( col 3)
Gross Floor Area(ft2)
( col4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour)col 5=( col 3col 4)10000
Orchard Point 1 76 77736 98
2 65 77736 84
74
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 75
Avg 71 77736 91
ARACenter 1 33 21924 151
2 32 21924 146
Avg 33 21924 148
Plaza AR 1 47 76986 61
2 51 76986 66
Avg 49 76986 64Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 79926 48
2 34 79926 43
Avg 36 79926 45
Rapa Plaza 1 65 79800 81
2 67 79800 84
Avg 66 79800 83
Adel Plaza 1 42 54600 77
2 34 54600 62
Avg 38 54600 70Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 83 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Range = (45ndash 148) (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 35 (trips 10000 ft2 hour)
Table 417and Graph 45 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction Rate
(trips 10000 ft2 hour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has least (trips
10000 ft2 hour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has the highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips
10000 ft2 hour Grand Average of Average Peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different
Shopping Centers is calculated 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour The Standard Deviation (SD) of
average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates of different Shopping Centers from grand average is
found 35 trips 10000 ft2 hour
75
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 76
Orchard Point
ARACenter Plaza AR Metro Shopping
Center
Rapa Plaza Adel Plaza0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10000 ft2hr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
1000
0sq
fee
th
r
Graph 45 variation of peak hour car Trip Attraction Rate(car trip100000 ft2hr) of different
Shopping Centers
Table 418 Calculation of Peak hour car trip attraction rate (trips 10 parking spaces hour)
Name of the Shopping center
( col 1)
Day
( col 2)
Peak hour car trip (in)
( col 3)
Total no of parking spaces
( col 4)
Peak hour car trip attraction rate
(trips 10 parking spaces hour)
col 5=( col 3col 4)10
76
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 77
Orchard Point 1 76 60 127
2 65 60 108
Avg 71 60 118
ARACenter 1 33 20 165
2 32 20 160
Avg 33 20 163
Plaza AR 1 47 40 118
2 51 40 128
Avg 49 40 123Metro Shopping
Center 1 38 65 58
2 34 65 52
Avg 36 65 55
Rapa Plaza 1 65 90 72
2 67 90 74
Avg 66 90 73
Adel Plaza 1 42 20 210
2 34 20 170
Avg 38 20 190Grand Average of Peak hour car trip attraction rate = 12 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Range = (55ndash 190) (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Standard Deviation(SD) = 51 (trips 10 parking spaceshour)
Table 418 and Graph 46 have indicated that the variation in peak hour Car Trip Attraction
Rate (trips 10 parking spaceshour) of six Shopping Centers Again Metro Shopping Mall has
found least (trips 10 parking spaceshour) with a value of 45 ARA Center has found the
highest Trip Attraction Rate 148 trips 10 parking spaceshourGrand Average of Average Peak
hour car Trip Attraction Rate of different Shopping Centers has calculated 12car trips 10
parking spaceshour The Standard Deviation (SD) of average peak hour Trip Attraction Rates
77
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 78
of different Shopping Centers from grand average has found 51 car trips 10 parking
spaceshour
Orchard
Poin
t
ARA
Cen
ter
Plaza A
R
Metr
o Sho
pping
Cen
ter
Rapa P
laza
Adel P
laza
0
5
10
15
20
25
Peak hour car trip attraction rate (car10 parking spaceshr) variation for different shopping malls
Day 1Day 2Avg
car
10 p
ark
ing
soac
esh
r
Graph 46 variation of peak hour Trip Attraction Rate (car trip10 parking spaces hr) of
different Shopping Centers
CHAPTER FIVE
CONCLUSION
51 Summery of Findings
78
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 79
The shopping trips constitute the second largest share of trips after the work trips in Dhaka The
size of a shopping center is growing in Dhaka city Further the size of a Shopping Center has
become very large eg Rapa Plaza Metro Shopping Mall and Bashundhara city hence the travel
pattern in the region is greatly affected by the size and activities of the Shopping Center This
study has collected data on trip attraction rates of Shopping Centers in Dhanmondi area Dhaka
city and the trip attraction rate was calculated as a function of physical features of the Shopping
Centers This report has showed a Trip Attraction data obtained at 6 shopping centers in
Dhanmondi Dhaka
The trip rate analysis method relates the Trip Attraction of the Shopping Center at peak period to
the physical features of the Shopping Center The method confirms that the gross floor area of
Shopping Center the number of stores number of employee the number of parking spaces have
relevant impact on the Trip Attraction Rate of the Shopping Center and thus average Trip
Attraction Rates are calculated
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 79 person trips 1000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (From 62 to 95) trips 1000 ft2 hour for different shopping centers and with a Standard
Deviation (SD) of 12 (trips 1000 ft2 hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate is found 226 (trips 100 employee hour)
Ranges ( from136 to 401 ) trips 100 employee hour and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of
943 (trips 100 employee hour)
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 14 trips shop hour Ranges values
(minimum 36 trips shop hour to maximum 521 trips shop hour) for different shopping
centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 188 trips shop hour
Grand Average of peak hour person trip attraction rate 276 trips entry gate hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 trips entry gate hour to maximum 357 trips entry gate hour ) for
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 802 trips entry gate hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 83 car trips 10000 ft2 hour Ranges
values (minimum 136 car trips 10000 ft2 hour to maximum car trips 10000 ft2 hour) for
79
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable Page 80
different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 35 car trips 10000 ft2
hour
Grand Average of peak hour car trip attraction rate 276 car trips 10 parking spaces hour
Ranges values (minimum 136 car trips 10 parking spaces hour 357 car trips parking spaces
hour) for different shopping centers and with a Standard Deviation (SD) of 51 car trips 10
parking spaces hour
A good estimate of Trip Attraction Rate is fundamental in planning of transportation facilities It
would be useful in the regional transportation network or the channelization of traffic control
around a shopping center The data would be useful in assessing the traffic impacts surrounding a
new shopping center and also the region wide traffic volume impacts
52 Further Research
1048714 Continuous data collection with the goal of developing a larger database that includes at least
five data points for up to ten land use categories This will provide enough data to perform a
reasonable statistical analysis and to correlate the data
1048714 Use of the optional demographic data to cross-reference trip attraction to income auto
ownership and other socio-economic factors
1048714 Develop additional indicators correlating trip attraction rates to urban area characteristics such
as distance to the Central Business District walking environment number of on-site parking
spaces and distance to transit
80
Trip Attraction and its Explanatory Variable