Trinity College Dublin 2016 Rethinking Sanitation Ecological Sanitation Sustainable Sanitation From a Metabolic Rift Towards a Metabolic Shift An Appetizer Arne Backlund Backlund ApS www.backlund.dk www.facebook.com/backlund.aps www.researchgate.net/profile/Arne_Backlund
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Trinity college dublin 2016 rethinking sanitation ecological sanitation
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Trinity College Dublin 2016
Rethinking Sanitation
Ecological Sanitation
Sustainable Sanitation
From a Metabolic Rift
Towards a Metabolic Shift
An Appetizer Arne Backlund Backlund ApS www.backlund.dk www.facebook.com/backlund.aps www.researchgate.net/profile/Arne_Backlund
•Human Urine contributes with only 1 % of the Volume of Household Wastewater but contains 80 % of N, 55 % of P and 60 % of K and less than 0.6 % of Cadmium and 0.06 % of Lead
Phosphorus
•One Person Excrete 1 KG P/year.
•0.7 KG in Urine and 0.3 KG in Faeces.
•Human Phosphorus Returned to Soil Would Cover 80 % of P Demand
•In Agriculture Short of Phosphorus Human Excreta could be a Golden Opportunity.
•In 100 years Phosphorus Could Be Gone.
76 m² 2Rooms 86 m² 3Rooms 98 m² 4 Rooms 112 m² 5 Rooms 126 m² 6 Rooms
90 Rowhouses
Permatopia, Karise Denmark
Permatopia, Karise Denmark Agriculture - Diversed sustainable organic production of food
based on permaculture principles. Professional farmers included
Heating - Geothermal heat pump or ground source heat pump
(GSHP)
Electricity - Wind turbines – later combined with solar cells
Wastewater - Urine from 90 individual diverting EcoFlush
toilets + further in commen house will be used on the fields
after 6 month storage in collection containers.
Greywater and brownwater go to a very large Zero Discharge
Willow Wastewater Evapotranspiration System
Composting - Organic residuals and harvested willow are
composted
Closing the loop - By taking human urine and compost back to
Sept. 2004 Willow are appr. 3 m tall February 2005
June 2005
Willows August 2005 second
growing season
4 m*38 m Bassin, 1.5 m Deep Møn, Denmark
Premises – Dimensioning Model •8 m WIDE – with a DEPTH of 1.5m and 45° GRADIENT on sides and ends
•Useable PORE VOLUME expected to be 40 %
•EVAPOTRANSPIRATION expected to be 2.5 TIMES calculated Potential Evaporation
• 30-years average MONTHLY RECIPITATION and POTENTIAL EVAPORATION
•SURFACE AREA dim. to avoid water storing on the surface in a year with normal precipitation and with a max. of 10 cm of surface water with a precipitation which statisticly occurs in one out of 10 years
•Same LOAD of wastewater every month
Plant 1: 184 m2
Plant 2: 912 m2
Plant 3: 528 m2
Plant 4: 720 m2
Plant 5: 320 m2
Plant 6: 720 m2
Plant 7: 784 m2
Plant 8: 1.632 m2
Plant 9: udgår
Plant 10: 240 m2
Plant 11: 240 m2
Plant 12: 336 m2
Plant 13: 212 m2
Total 6.828 m2
Precipitation 541 mm/year
Exp. Evapotransp. 1550 mm
Calculated 1406 mm
50 persons
17 houses
2.9 persons/house
1643 m3 WW/year
97 m3 WW/house/year
33 m3 WW/person/year
90 l WW/person/day
Dimensioning value 1.680 m3
Willow System area 1760 m2
95 m3 WW/house
104 m2 area/house
105 m2 area/100 m3 WW
Needed area in Guidelines single
house up to 30 PE
137 m2 area/100 m3 WW/year
1760 m2 area - 1.285 m3 WW
1680 m3 WW - 2302 m2 area
Diverting WC
at school in
Visby Sweden
MULTIFUNCTIONAL
Reduced costs using WW & Sludge
application to EWSRP
•Reduces Demand for Chemical Fertilizers
•By far Most Important Public or Private Cost
Reduction - Allocating Nutrient Removal to EWSRP
•Cost kg N Conventional N-Removal Often 10 Times
Higher than kg N price of Chemical Fertilizer
•Primary Cost Reduction Potential related to
Establishment
•Multifunctional Potential related to Cd uptake
Municipality Task Set Up (Question/Demand)
50 % Reduction in N-Outlet to Enköping Stream
Using Alternatives To Conventional N-removal on
CWWTP.
Consultant Answer/Solution
•30 t N/y Removed by Fertilizing 80 ha Energy Willow