1.1. Objectives Tricks in Set Induction aims to: i. Arouse the pupils interest ii. Make the lesson more lively iii.Stimulate pupils’ curiosity iv. Provide pupils with opportunities to develop science process skills and thinking skills v. Provide pupils with basic science knowledge and concepts vi. Appreciate the contributions of science and technology towards the well being of mankind. Tricks in Science stimulate and excites children’s curiosity about phenomena and events in the world around them. It also satisfy their curiosity. Good teaching in primary science involves understanding the children’s idea 1
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1.1. Objectives
Tricks in Set Induction aims to:
i. Arouse the pupils interestii. Make the lesson more livelyiii. Stimulate pupils’ curiosityiv. Provide pupils with opportunities to develop
science process skills and thinking skillsv. Provide pupils with basic science
knowledge and conceptsvi. Appreciate the contributions of science and
technology towards the well being of mankind.
Tricks in Science stimulate and excites children’s curiosity about phenomena and events in the world around them. It also satisfy their curiosity. Good teaching in primary science involves understanding the children’s idea on the topic and enable teachers to plan work that challenge and reconstruct the children’s idea. Tricks in science allow pupils to think ahead and create the excitement of learning a new lesson.
Teacher carries out set induction which attracts pupils’ attention / stimulates pupils’ mind / is directed towards pupils’ mental readiness
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1.2. Method
Tricks in Set Induction can be carried out as below:
i. Demonstrationsii. Hands-on activitiesiii. Discussions
Teacher’s Demonstration
A demonstration may be used as part of a teacher’s exposition. This is often easily controlled with the children sitting, listening, watching and participating. Teacher’s demonstration to the whole class should be used where appropriate. Teacher should consider the following when demonstrating the idea:
Ensure that all children can see what you are doing. Try to demonstrate with large piece of equipment.
Make the demonstration short and snappy. Involve the children with demonstration. Reinforce the main points by asking following up questions.
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1.3. Activity
”The Curious Comb”
Topic Related:
Electricity
Objective:
To introduce electricity
Materials needed:
Comb,a piece of paper,woollen cloth
Steps:
1. Tear / cut a piece of paper into small pieces.
2. Ask a pupil to rub a plastic comb briskly on a woollen cloth and then hold it as near as possible to the pieces of paper.
Note:
Electrostatic is a kind of electricity which is static
(Doesn’t flow)
Questions Asked:
What can you observe?
(The papers are
attracted by the
comb because
rubbing the comb
on a woollen cloth
charges it with static
electricity.)
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”Shadow O Shadow”
Topic Related:
Light
Objective:
To demonstrate
how a shadow is
formed and to
create some
shadow picture
using this
information
Materials
needed:
Torch light or
desk lamp, a
darkened room, a
white wall or
screen
Steps:
1. Select one pupil to shine a torch on the
white wall / screen.
2. Ask other pupils to move their hands up
and down in the light making the shadow
on the wall / screen.
3. Move the hands backward and forwards
to see the sizes of the shapes.
Questions Asked:
What can you see on
the wall / screen?
What is the
colour of the
shadow?
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“The Falling Cup”
Topic Related:
Heat
Objective:
Understanding
the effects of
heat on matter.
Materials
needed:
balloon
rubber band
candle
polystyrene cup
lighter
Steps:
1. Blow a balloon.
2. Put polystyrene on the surface of the balloon.
3. Blow the balloon again until it covers the cup
fully and traps the air inside.
Questions Asked:
Predict what will happen to the cup? (The heat from the candle flame warms the cold air in the cup causing it to expand, pushing the cup up to fall down.)
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”Rolling Can”
Topic Related:
Energy
Objective:
To understand that energy can be transformed from one form to another.
Materials needed:
Empty tin can,Rubber band,Paper clip,Ice cream sticks.
Steps:
1. Make a hole at the top and bottom of a tin can.
2. Insert a rubber band through the hole.
3. At one end, put a paper clip to the rubber band, while on the other end, insert an ice-cream stick to it.
(The length of the ice-cream stick is longer than the diameter of the tin.)
4. Twist the stick 10 – 15 times.
5. Let go the tin on the floor.
6. Observe.
Questions Asked:
What can you observe?
How to make the can move faster or slower?
Notes:
The energy produce by twisting the ice cream stick and the rubber band is potential energy. It changes to kinetic energy when the can moves.
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“Ice Cube Necklace”
Topic Related:
States of Matter
Objective:
Understand water
in the form of
solid, liquid and
gas
Materials needed:
Ice cubes
Thread
Glass
A bottle of salt
Steps:
Ice Cube NecklaceThis trick will keep you amused. All you need is a piece of string, some ice cubes in water and a sprinkle of salt.
1. Float a few ice cubes in a glass of water.
2. Wet a piece of cotton string with water. Lay the string on top of the ice cubes.
3. Sprinkle salt all over the string and wait for about 5 or 10 seconds.
4. Now lift the string and the ice cubes will be stuck to it. Makes a pretty cool necklace eh? Cool? Boom-boom!
Informations:
What's going on?
Pure water freezes at 0°C. Adding salt or any other soluble material (like sugar) reduces the freezing temperature of water. Seawater contains roughly 35 grams of salt per litre (that's about two teaspoons per cup) and freezes at -1.8°C. But keep adding salt and the freezing temperature of water can drop as low as -21°C!
Salt and other solutes (substances that dissolve) reduce the freezing point because they disrupt the crystal structure of ice and reduce the concentration of pure water. At 0°C, the molecules in pure water form very strong bonds with each other which "locks" them into position to form the solid we call ice. If foreign molecules such as sodium and chlorine (the ingredients in common table salt) squeeze between water molecules, these bonds can't form.
Any reduction in the concentration of pure water depresses the freezing point. So the higher the salt concentration, the lower the freezing point.
When you sprinkle salt onto an ice cube, the local salt concentration skyrockets and the freezing point comes tumbling down. But the melting water flows off the cube and flushes some of the salt away which reduces the local concentration on top. The lower salt concentration raises the freezing point again so the water refreezes. As it does, it traps the string and you've caught yourself an ice cube!
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“Blooming Balloons”
Topic Related:
States of Matter
Objective:
To show that it is
possible to stick a
pin in balloon
without bursting it
Materials needed:
balloon, adhesive
tape,skewer / long
wire / satay stick
and scissors
Steps:
1. Ask a pupil to inflate a balloon, tell him /
her not to blow too hard.
2. Stick a piece of adhesive tape on the
balloon.
3. Take a skewer ( long iron rod with sharp
end ) and very carefully push it into the
balloon through the tape. ( You may also
used other suitable object to replace
skewer such as long wire or satay stick ).
The length of the skewer must be longer
than the size of the inflated balloon.
4. Observe what happen to the balloon.
Questions Asked:
1.What did you observe?
Pupils will observe the pin will go through the tape and the balloon, without bursting it.
Reference:
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Balloon Shish KebabThis is a classic trick everyone should know. All you need is a shish kebab skewer and a balloon, and a bit of confidence that it will work!
(Note: this trick always works with high quality balloons but beware cheap ones!)
1. Inflate a balloon so that it is no longer than your shish kebab skewer.
2. Carefully poke the pointy end of the skewer into the centre of the dark spot on top of the balloon.
Do this carefully – you need to overcome your fear of the balloon popping and press fairly hard.
3. Once you've got the skewer in the balloon, you need to carefully slide it so the pointy end comes out right next to the knot.
Hold your balloon up to a light so you can see where the skewer is inside.
4. Voila – a balloon shish kebab!
The balloon didn’t pop and you can even carefully take the skewer out again. Amazing.
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What's going on?
When you inflate a balloon, nearly all the rubber stretches... a lot! As the rubber stretches, it gets a lot thinner too. But the dark spot at the top, and the area around the knot are not stretched much, if at all. The spots are dark because they're thicker then the rest of the inflated balloon.
The tension in the rubber of an inflated balloon causes even the tiniest tear to grow very fast. As soon as a tear appears, the tear races around the balloon and it pops with a loud bang.
But in the dark spots at the top and bottom of a balloon there is no tension, so a tiny tear won't grow here and the balloon won't pop.
Balloons are made by dipping metal moulds into liquid latex. The dark spot at the top is a result of this process. There's a great photo of a balloon production line at the website below.
Photo of balloon production linehttp://merlin.alfred.edu/muller/FormerPhysWorld/PhysWorld/Project5/how_are_balloons_made.htm
High speed photo of a water balloon poppinghttp://courses.ncssm.edu/hsi/pacsci/student_photos.html
Amazing Science TricksBy Michio GotoIllustrations by Fred SchrierFrom the April 2004 Boys' Life magazine
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Using common objects around the house, you can demonstrate cool scientific laws. Here’s how:Editor’s Note: Make sure an adult helps you with these experiments.
Keeping Water SeparateFill two identical glasses with water. Add two tablespoons of salt to the water in one glass and stir well. Add a few drops of food coloring to the water in the other glass.Cover the glass containing the colored water with a sheet of paper, turn it upside down and place it on top of the glass containing salt water. (Be sure to do this trick over a saucer or bowl.)Gently pull the paper out from between the glasses. The colored water and the salt water will remain separate.
How Does It Work?Salt water is heavier than colored water, so the two stay separate as long as the boundary between them isn’t disturbed. Try turning the two glasses over, though. The heavier salt water will now be on top, so it will flow down and mix with the colored water.
A Can That Can “Walk”Place an empty aluminum can on its side on the floor. Blow up a balloon and tie a knot in the end. Rub a tissue back and forth on the balloon.When you put the balloon near the can, the can will start rolling toward the balloon.How Does It Work?When you rub the balloon with a tissue, the balloon gets a negative electric charge of several thousand volts. When you put the balloon near the can, electrostatic induction affects the molecules in the metal. The outside of the can gets a positive charge, so it is drawn toward
the balloon and starts rolling in
A Candle That Sucks WaterPlace a candle upright in the middle of a saucer. Fill the saucer with water. Light the candle. Place a glass over the candle. When the flame goes out, the water in the saucer will get sucked into the glass.
How Does It Work?When the candle is burning inside the glass, the heat makes the air expand, so some of the air escapes outside the glass. The candle goes out after it uses up all the oxygen, so the air inside the glass cools. As it cools, the pressure inside the glass drops. Some of the carbon dioxide formed by the flame dissolves in the water as well, decreasing the pressure even more. The water outside the glass on the saucer is forced into the glass by the higher aire pressure outside.
A Flying Trash BagHold the mouth of a black trash bag in one hand. Use a hair dryer to blow hot air into the bag.Seal the mouth of the bag with tape. Tie a long piece of string around the tape so you can hold it. Take the bag out into the sun. The bag will rise slowly into the air. (It’s best to do this trick in an open area on a windless day.)How Does It Work?Since the bag is black, it absorbs heat from the sun. That heat makes the air inside the bag expand and become lighter. When the bag and the air inside are lighter than the surrounding air, the bag starts to rise.
Punch a hole in a clear plastic bottle two inches from the bottom. Put your finger over the hole, fill the bottle with water and cap it to keep it from draining out.Darken the room and cover part of a flashlight with your fingers to make the beam narrower. When you take the cap off the bottle, the water will flow out in an arc. Shine the flashlight at the stream from the side of the bottle opposite the hole. The light will bend with the arc and
create a bright glow where the
How Does It Work?When the light in the stream strikes the boundary between the water and air, much of the light is reflected back into the stream. The light continues this internal reflection all along the arc formed by the falling water. The same principle is used to transmit light signals through flexible optical fibers.
With a black felt-tip pen, write a three-letter word in large letters on a white piece of paper. Place the paper in a brown envelope, and insert that envelope into a white envelope. The writing on the paper should now be impossible to read.Get a piece of dark construction paper or tear out a page from a magazine that is printed on both sides. Roll up the paper into a four-inch-long tube. When you hold the tube against the
envelope, you’ll be able to read the
How Does It Work?Usually you can’t read the writing inside an envelope because of the light reflected off the envelope’s white surface. But the tube blocks that reflected light, so you see only the light coming through the envelope.
Egg Into BottleFind a glass bottle that has a mouth slightly smaller in diameter than an egg. Pour some hot water into the bottle (be careful!), shake it vigorously and empty the water.Peel a soft-boiled egg and place it on the mouth of the bottle. Leave it there for a while and it will get sucked inside.
How Does It Work?The vapor from the hot water drives the air out of the bottle. Once the egg seals the top of the bottle, the air can’t get back in. As the water vapor cools, it turns back into water, causing the pressure inside the bottle to drop. The higher pressure of the outside air pushes the egg into the bottle.
Toothpick TorpedoDab a little shampoo on the blunt end of a wooden toothpick.Drop the toothpick in a pan of water. The toothpick will start moving in the direction of the sharp end.
How Does It Work?Shampoo contains agents that reduce the surface tension of liquids. As the shampoo on the end of the toothpick dissolves, it reduces the water’s surface tension around it, thus releasing the water’s hold on that end of the toothpick. The water around the other end of the toothpick still has surface tension, so it pulls the toothpick in that direction.
To learn more amazing science tricks, check out the book “Amazing Science Tricks” by Michio Goto