Trends In Telecommunications

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Week4: Trends inTelecommunications

Subject Code: COMP131By: Marlon Jamera

Email: [email protected]

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Review: Software Trends

• Consists of operating systems, language

translators and utility programs.

a. Application software

b. System Software

c. Hardware

d. Users

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Review: Software Trends

• It includes programming languages and

fourth generation languages.

a. Application software

b. System Software

c. Hardware

d. Users

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Review: Software Trends

• Process of predicting when hardware

system became saturated.

a. TCO (Total Cost of Ownership

b. Capacity Planning

c. Technology Service Provider

d. SOA (Service Oriented Architecture)

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Review: Software Trends

• Small businesses “rent” infrastructure

from another firm to avoid expenses of

maintaining hardware and software.

a. Using Cloud Services

b. Managing Mobile Platform

c. Managing Software Localization

d. Local Language Interface

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Review: Software Trends

• Used to analyze direct and indirect cost

to help determine the actual cost of

owning a specific technology.

a. TCO (Total Cost of Ownership)

b. SOA (Service Oriented Architecture)

c. Managing Software Localization

d. Local Language Interface

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Trends in Telecommunications

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Scope of the Lesson

• Trends in Telecommunications

• Industry Trends

• Technology Trends

• Application Trends

• Types of Telecommunication

Networks

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Learning OutcomesBy the end of the lesson, you will be

familiar with the current trends in Telecommunications especially in Industry, Technology and Application trends.• Outline the trends in Telecommunication.• Explain how trends in Industry, Technology and Application work.• Discuss thoroughly the telecommunications network.

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Industry Trends

• Towards a greater number of competitive vendors, carriers, alliances and telecommunications network services.

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Technology Trends

• Towards open and interconnected local and global digital networks for voice, data and video, using high speed fiber-optics and satellites.

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Application Trends

• Towards a pervasive use of the internet enterprise and inter organizational intranets, to support collaborative computing, online business operations and strategic advantage in local and global.

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Communication• The message (data information) is communicated via the signal. The transmission medium “carries” the signal.

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Telecommunications• The electronic transmission of signals for communications, including such means as telephone, radio and television.

• Telecommunication Medium:• Anything that carries an electronic

signals and interfaces between a sending device and a receiving device.

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Data Communications• A specialized subset of telecommunications that refers to the electronic collection, processing and distribution of data – typically between computer system hardware devices.

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Computer Network• The communications media, devices and software needed to connect two or more computer systems and or devices.• Used to share hardware, programs and databases across the organization.• Fosters teamwork, innovative ideas and new business strategies.

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Types ofTelecommunication Media

• Twisted Pair Wire Cable• Insulated pairs of wires historically

used in telephone service and connect computer devices.

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Types ofTelecommunication Media

• Coaxial Cable• Consists of an inner conductor wire

surrounded by insulation, called the dielectric. The dielectric is surrounded by a conductive shield. Coaxial cable has better data transmission rate than twisted pair.

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Types ofTelecommunication Media

• Fiber Optic Cable• Many extremely thin strands of glass

or plastic bound together in a sheathing which transmit signals with light beams. Can be used for voice, data and video.

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Types ofTelecommunication Media

• Microwave Telecommunications• Line of sight devices which must be

placed in relatively high locations.• Microwave Usage• Information is converted to a microwave signal, sent through the air to a receiver, and recovered.

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Types ofTelecommunication Media

• Microwave Telecommunications

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Types ofTelecommunication Media

• Satellite Transmission• Communication satellites are relay

stations that receive signals from one station and rebroadcast them to another.

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Types ofTelecommunication Media

• Satellite Transmission

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Types ofTelecommunication Media

• Cellular Transmission• Signals from cells are transmitted to a

receiver and integrated into the regular network.

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Types ofTelecommunication Media

• Infrared Transmission• Involves sending signals through the

air via light waves.• Requires line-of-sight and short

distance.• Used to connect various computing

devices such as handheld computers.

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Telecommunication System

• Telecommunication Devices• Relay signals between computer

systems and transmission media.• Analog Signals• E.g. Electricity Current

• Digital Signals• E.g. A signal represents by bits.

• Modems• Device that translate from digital to

analog and analog to digital.

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Devices: Modems• Modulates a digital signal into an

analog signal for transmission via analog medium, then demodulates the signal into digital for receiving.

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Devices: Multiplexer• Allows several telecommunication

signals to be transmitted over a single communications medium at the same time.

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Types of Data Processing• Centralized Processing• Date processing that occurs in a

single location and facility.• Distributed Processing• Data processing that occurs when

computers are placed at remote locations but are connected to each other via telecommunication device.

• The computers are connected as a computer network.

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Types of Telecommunication

Networks• Topology• A model that describes how

computers are connected.• A logical model that describes how

networks are structured or configured.

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Network Types

• Structured• Ring• Bus• Star• Hierarchical• Hybrid

• Unstructured• Mobile Adhoc Network (MANET)

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Network Topologies

• Ring• A topology that contains computers and

computer devices placed in a ring.• Bus• Computers and computer devices are on

a single line. Each device can communicate directly to all devices on the bus.

• Star• All computers are connected via central

hub.

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Network Topologies• Hierarchical• Uses tree-like structures with

massages passed along the branches of the hierarchy.

• Hybrid• A mix of different kinds of structured

topologies. It is what exactly the internet looks like.

• Mobile Adhoc Network• Structure is changing dynamically.

E.g. Network of mobile phones.

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Network Topologies

• Mobile Adhoc Network• Network doesn’t have specific

topology.• Each computer in the network is

moving around without locating in a fixed location.

• Sending and receiving messages are difficulty problems.

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Network Topologies

• Mobile Adhoc Network

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Network Topologies

Hierarchy

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Network Types by Size

• Local Area Network (LAN)• Connects computer systems and

devices in the same geographic area (can be ring, bus, star, hybrid, hierarchical)

• Wide Area Network (WAN)• Ties together large geographic regions

using microwave and satellites transmission or telephone lines.

• International Network• Links systems between countries.

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Network Types by Size

• Local Area Network (LAN)

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Network Types by Size

• Wide Area Network (WAN)

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Communication Software

• Communication Software• Provides error checking, message

formatting, communications logs, data security and privacy and translation capabilities for networks.

• Network Operating System (NOS)• Systems software that controls the

computer systems and devices on a network and allows them to communicate with each other.

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Communication Software

• Network Management Software• Enables the manager on a networked

desktop to monitor the use of individual computers and shared hardware, scan for viruses, and ensure compliance with the software licenses.

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Protocols

• Rules that ensure communications among computers of different types and from different manufacturer.

• Rules that determine the form of signal being transmitted, encoded, error detection and correction.

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Protocols

• OSI 7-Layers Model• OSI (Open System Interconnect)• Serves as a standard model for network

architectures and is endorsed by the international standard committee. Communication functions are represented in seven layers to promote the development of modular networks. Designed to permit communication among different computers from different operating systems.

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Protocols

• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP/IP)• Standard originally developed by the

US government to link defense research agencies; it is the primary communication protocol of the internet.

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The 7 Layers OSI Model and the TCP/IP

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Let’s call it a day,Thank you!