ATM test ATM testing ATM installation ATM maintenance ATM pocket guide ATM reference ATM solutions 3G test, 3G testing, 3G installation, 3G maintenance, 3G commissioning, 3G Set up UMTS test, UMTS testing, UMTS installation, UMTS maintenance xDSL test, xDSL testing, xDSL installation, xDSL maintenance Quick Reference for ATM testing Figure 1 ATM Cell format 1 2 3 4 5 6 · · · 53 GFC VPI VPI VCI PTI CLP HEC Payload VPI VPI VCI PTI CLP HEC Payload UNI Format NNI Format byte VPs VCs y k R b M c l D a i VPs VCs Cell Stream y k R b M c l D i Figure 2 Hierarchical representation of VP and VC and reserved VPI/VCI values Physical a Media * For VPI=0 the specific VCI is reserved for signalling with the local exchange or ATM switch where the user is connected. For VPI values other than 0 specific VCI value is reserved for signalling with other signalling entities (e.g. other users or remote networks) Function VPI VCI PTI CLP Unassigned 0 0 any 0 Invalid <> 0 0 any 0 Idle 0 0 0 1 Metasignaling UNI *any 1 0xx any Broadcast UNI *any 2 any any Segment OAM F4 any 3 0xx any E2E OAM F4 any 4 0x0 any P2P Signaling *any 5 0xx any VP Management any 6 110 any ILMI 0 16 z any PNNI 0 18 0 any Segment OAM F5 any not 0, 3, 4, 6 or 7 100 any E2E OAM F5 any not 0, 3, 4, 6 or 7 101 any VC Management any not 0, 3, 4, 6 or 7 110 any User data any > 31 0xx any C d a c H b Figure 3 ATM switch operation: a) VP-type b) VC-type In Out In Out In Out A B C H In in out Port VPI VCI K i j L m n Out In Out In Out h g f e a d a) b) B d c b c A a B d c b c A a C f e E h D g in out Port VPI VCI K y - L z - Trend´s ATM Guide T r e n d C o m m u n i c a t i o n s AuroraForte A powerful tool for testing the Physical, ATM and IP layer operation of ATM circuits. Provides IMA, E1, E3, DS1, DS3, ATM25, STM1/OC3 and STM4/OC12 interfaces for unparalleled multi-circuit testing ATM, xDSL and 3G networks. Physical and ATM BER testing is provided. Advanced features, AAL5, OAM, QoS, SVC support and IP Ping over ATM, protocol decoding and remote testing, analysis of IP traffic composition. VictoriaSDH/ATM/IP This family of testers combines full SDH/ SONET features up to 2.5 Gbit/s and ATM capabilities up to 155Mbit/s. Transmission functions include TCM, APS, M/N alarms G.783 sequences, frequency deviation and nx64 and Nx56kbit/s tests at E1 and DS1 levels. ATM features include generation and analysis of ATM flows,QoS, OAM flows, generating and analysing AAL1, AAL2, AAL5, and also provides analysis of IP traffic composition.
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ATM test ATM testing ATM installation ATM maintenance ATM pocket guide ATM reference ATM solutions3G test, 3G testing, 3G installation, 3G maintenance, 3G commissioning, 3G Set up
Figure 2 Hierarchical representation of VP and VC and reserved VPI/VCI values
Physical
aMedia
* For VPI=0 the specific VCI is reserved for signalling with the local exchange or ATM switch where the user is connected. For VPI values other than 0 specific VCI value is reserved for signalling with other signalling entities (e.g. other users or remote networks)
Function VPI VCI PTI CLPUnassigned 0 0 any 0Invalid <> 0 0 any 0Idle 0 0 0 1Metasignaling UNI *any 1 0xx anyBroadcast UNI *any 2 any anySegment OAM F4 any 3 0xx anyE2E OAM F4 any 4 0x0 anyP2P Signaling *any 5 0xx anyVP Management any 6 110 anyILMI 0 16 z anyPNNI 0 18 0 anySegment OAM F5 any not 0, 3, 4, 6 or 7 100 anyE2E OAM F5 any not 0, 3, 4, 6 or 7 101 anyVC Management any not 0, 3, 4, 6 or 7 110 anyUser data any > 31 0xx any
Cd
ac Hb
Figure 3 ATM switch operation: a) VP-type b) VC-type
InOut
InOut
InOut
A
B
C
H
In
inout
Port VPI VCIK i jL m n
Out
InOut
InOut
h
g
f
e
a
d
a) b)
B dcH bcA a
Bdc Hbc Aa
C fe
E hD g
inout
Port VPI VCIK y -L z -
Trend´s ATM Guide
Tren
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AuroraForteA powerful tool for testing the Physical, ATM and IP layer operation of ATM circuits. Provides IMA, E1, E3, DS1, DS3, ATM25, STM1/OC3 and STM4/OC12 interfaces for unparalleled multi-circuit testing ATM, xDSL and 3G networks. Physical and ATM BER testing is provided. Advanced features, AAL5, OAM, QoS, SVC support and IP Ping over ATM, protocol decoding and remote testing, analysis of IP traffic composition.
VictoriaSDH/ATM/IPThis family of testers combines full SDH/SONET features up to 2.5 Gbit/s and ATM capabilities up to 155Mbit/s. Transmission functions include TCM, APS, M/N alarms G.783 sequences, frequency deviation and nx64 and Nx56kbit/s tests at E1 and DS1 levels. ATM features include generation and analysis of ATM flows,QoS, OAM flows, generating and analysing AAL1, AAL2, AAL5, and also provides analysis of IP traffic composition.
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ATM test ATM testing ATM installation ATM maintenance ATM pocket guide ATM reference ATM solutions3G test, 3G testing, 3G installation, 3G maintenance, 3G commissioning, 3G Set up
TETE
VPI/VCI=B/b
VPI/VCI=A/a
VPI/VCI=C/b
VPI/VCI=E/cVPI/VCI=D/bIn VPI/VCI Out VPI/VCI1 A / a 2 B / b
In VPI/VCI Out VPI/VCI1 B / - 3 C / -
In VPI/VCI Out VPI/VCI2 C / - 3 D / -
In VPI/VCI Out VPI/VCI2 D / b 3 E / c
Figure 4 Direction of allocating VPI/VCI identifiers
VPSwitch
VPSwitch
VCSwitch VC
Switch
VCVP switch
NNIUNI NNI
VC
VP
NNI
VPVP VP VP VP
VC VC
VC switch VC switch
UNI
TE TEVirtual channel link
Figure 5 Virtual channel connection and virtual path connection
Virtual path linkVCI=b
VPI=C
VCI=c
VPI=E
VCI=a
VPI=A VPI=B VPI=D
Virtual Channel Connection (VCC)
Virtual Path Connection (VPC)
TE Terminal equipment
VC SwitchTE VC Switch TE
Figure 6 Layers and planes implemented in terminal equipment (TE) and switches
Management
User
ATM Layer
Physical Layer
Control
SAAL
Plane
Plane
Plane
Layer
Signaling
Management
User
AAL
ATM Layer
Physical Layer
Control
SAAL
Plane
Plane
Plane
Layer Layer
HigherLayers (Q.2931)
SignalingUser
ATM Layer
Physical Layer
Control
SAAL
Plane
Plane
Plane
Layer
Signaling
Management
User
AAL
ATM Layer
Physical Layer
Control
SAAL
Plane
Plane
Plane
Layer Layer
HigherLayers
Signaling(Q.2931)
AAL ATM Adaptation Layer SAAL Signal ATM Adaptation Layer???
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ATM test ATM testing ATM installation ATM maintenance ATM pocket guide ATM reference ATM solutions3G test, 3G testing, 3G installation, 3G maintenance, 3G commissioning, 3G Set up
Figure 8 Protocol Data Unit (PDU) exchange between ATM layers
Stream
Seg
men
tatio
nsu
blay
er&
reas
sem
bly
Packets
Upper Layers
53 bytes
48 bytes
STPSTP
SSCSSSCS
SSCSCID = z
CID = xCID = y
SSCS
CPS
a) AAL2
CPS
AAL-SAP
ATM-SAP ATM-SAP
AAL-SAP
SSCS (or null)
CPCS
SAR
CS
SAR
b) AAL3/4 and AAL5
Figure 9 a) Multiplexing many channels (CIDs) in one ATM connection (AAL2 only)b) Multiplexing structure for AAL3/4 and AAL5
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ATM test ATM testing ATM installation ATM maintenance ATM pocket guide ATM reference ATM solutions3G test, 3G testing, 3G installation, 3G maintenance, 3G commissioning, 3G Set up
Figure 10 AAL1 structure
SAR-PDU
48 bytes3
CSI
SN SNP
PCRCSC3 11
bytes
bits
Figure 11 AAL2 format
CPS STF
CPS-SDU
Channel 1 Channel 2 Channel 3 Channel 4
CID
CPS-SDU CPS-SDU
PayloadHeader
CID=x CID=y CID=x CID=xm, n, o, p, ...
m+3, n+3,....
48
53
Size (bytes)
LI UUI HEC0 7 13 18 23
CPS-SDU
OSF SN0
Pbits 6 7
CPS-PDU CPS-PDU CPS-PDUCPS-PDU
bits
PayloadHeader
PayloadHeader
Padding
CPS Common Part SublayerSTF Start Field
Figure 12 AAL3/4 format
CS-PDU:
SAR-PDU:
CPI BT BA user data AL ET LENn bytes
head trail
P
BOM COM EOM
ST SN MID
SDU
1 1 2
6
bytes 1 1 2
head trailSDU head trailSDU
LI CRC106 4 10bits
...2 44 2
AL Alignment COM Continuation of Message LEN Length SDU Service Data UnitBA Buffer Allocation Size CPI Common Part Indicator LI Length Indicator SN Sequence NumberBOM Beginning of Message EOM End of Message MID Multiplex Identifier ST Segment TypeBT Burst Tolerance ET End Tag P Padding
Figure 13 AAL5 format
User data CPI LI CRC
1 to 65,535
header 5
CS-PDU:
SAR-PDU:
PAD
BOM EOM
UU
1 2 0-47
. . .COM
PTI=xx0 PTI=xx0 PTI= xx1
PT payloadpayload
1 bytes
. . .
PT payloadPT
4
48
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ATM test ATM testing ATM installation ATM maintenance ATM pocket guide ATM reference ATM solutions3G test, 3G testing, 3G installation, 3G maintenance, 3G commissioning, 3G Set up
a0 a1 a2 a3
1-CDV
T=1/PCR T=1/PCR T=1/PCR
t
1-CDV1-CDV
1-CDV = ck - ak
Figure 14 Representation of the 1-CDV and 2-CDV parameters
Cell transmission
c0 c1 c2 c3
c0 c1 c2
CTD0 CTD1
c0c1 c2
CTD2
2-CDV1 = CTD1 - CTD02-CDV2 = CTD2 - CTD0
ttx
trx
Cell reception
VCI=4VCI=3
Segmented gener.
Processing
User Data
VC la
yer
VP layer
VPI=X VPI=Z
VCI=3
VP switch
VP/VC switchVP/VC switch
VCI=4 VCI=4
VP layer
F4 flow
Figure 15 End-to-end and segmented F4 flows in a supervised VPC
End-to-end gener.
VP la
yer
VCs
VP/VC Switch
End device
VP/VC Switch
VPI=X
VCI=n
AAL l
ayer
VPI=W VPI=Z
VCI=m VCI=m VCI=qVCI=nVCI=q
PTI=100PTI=101
End device
End-to-end gener.
Segmented gener.
Processing
PTI=100
Other VPs
Figure 16 End-to-end and segmented F5 flows transmitted across the monitored VCC
VPI=X
VCI=n
VP la
yer
VC la
yer
VPI=W VPI=Z
VCI=m VCI=m VCI=qVCI=n VCI=q
PTI=100PTI=101
PTI=101
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ATM test ATM testing ATM installation ATM maintenance ATM pocket guide ATM reference ATM solutions3G test, 3G testing, 3G installation, 3G maintenance, 3G commissioning, 3G Set up
Figure 17 Generating VP-AIS/RDI and VC-AIS/RDI type OAM cells
Event detectionOAM generation
VP-AIS
End Device
VP-RDI VP-RDI VP-RDI
VC-RDI
VC-AIS
VP SwitchVP/VC SwitchEnd Device VP/VC Switch
Header Type Function Function-Specific Field Reserved CRC 10
Payload
4 4 6 10
45 bytes
bits x10+x9+x5+x4+x+1
Fault type 6Ah1 16 28
OAM structure
AIS and RDIFault location
6AhSource IDLocation ID LoopbackCorrelationLoopback16 16 81 4
TRC16AhTSTTUC1MSCN4 29 21 2
BIP162
TUC02
TRC02
BLER 1
Performancemanagement
6AhPMA-BDirectionMID4bits 336bits6bits 2bits
Correlation8bits
PMB-A4bits
Act/Deactivation
Figure 18 Format of OAM cells
Header SN TS Not used TCPT CRC16 4 4 37 1 2
Figure 19 Format of an O.191 test cell
bytes 5SN Sequence NumberTCPT Test Cell Payload TypeTS Time Stamp
Payload
Header Pseudo-Random Bit Sequence (PRBS)
5
Header Fixed word defined by the user
Figure 20 Test cell format to measure BER
48
Header Pseudo-Random Bit Sequence (PRBS)
Header Fixed word defined by the user
Payload
bytes
OAM Type Code Function Code
Faultmanagement 0001
AISRDIContinuityLoopback
0000000101001000
Performancemanagement 0010 FPM
BPM00000001
Activation & deactivation 1000 Performance
Continuity00000001
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ATM test ATM testing ATM installation ATM maintenance ATM pocket guide ATM reference ATM solutions3G test, 3G testing, 3G installation, 3G maintenance, 3G commissioning, 3G Set up
ATM
PHY
xDSL
xDSL
DSLAM (xTU-C)
d Cc
a Ab B
dC c
aAbB
ATM link
Figure 21 Multiplexing ATM in the DSLAM
xTU-R
xTU-R
Local LoopNetworkTermination
EthernetLLC/
PHY
Bridge
SNAP
WLL
ATMATM
SONET/SDH
WLL
ATM
AAL5
E1in/out
PPPEthernet
RFC
CPE1
Base Station
CPE2
LLC
2596
Router
n x 64 kin/out
Ethernet
E1in/out
E1in/out
PHY - WLL
PHY
AAL1AAL1AAL1 AAL1 AAL5
ATM
Figure 22 Structure and protocols for WLL network elements
1-CDV One point Cell Delay Variation PM Performance Monitoring2-CDV Two point Cell Delay Variation PNNI Private Network-Network Interface¶AAL ATM Adaption Layer, can be divided
into CS and SARPTI Payload Type Indicator - 0xx: user
data, x0x: No congestion; x1x: Congestion; xx0: BOM, xx1:EOM
ATM Asynchronous Transfer Mode PVC Permanent Virtual CircuitBIP Bit Interleaved Parity QoS Quality of ServiceBLER Block Error Result RNC Radio Network ControllerCID Channel Identifier RNS Radio Network Subsystem CLP Cell Loss Priority SAP Service Access PointCPCS Common Part CS SAR Segmentation and ReassemblyCPI Common Part Indicator SC Sequence count.CPS Common Part Sublayer SDU Service Data UnitCS Convergence Sublayer, can be
divided into SSCS and CPCSSN Sequence Number
CSI Convergence Sublayer Indicator SNAP Subnetwork Access ProtocolCTD Cell Tansfer Delay SNP Sequence Number ProtectionE2E End to End SSCS Service Specific CSGFC Generic Flow Control SSUGPRS General Packet Radio Service STF Start FieldHEC Header Error Control SVC Switched Virtual ConnectionILMI Interim Local Management Interface TRC Total Received Cell CountLI Length Indicator TST Time StampLLC Logical Link Control TUC Total User Cell NumberMID Message Identifier UNI User-Network InterfaceMSCN Monitoring Cell Sequence Number UTRAN Universal Mobile Telecommunications
SystemNNI Network-to-Network Interface UUI User-to-User Indication OAM Operation, Administration, and
MaintenanceVCC Virtual Channel Connection
OSF Operation System Function VCI Virtual Channel IdentifierP2P Point to point VPC Virtual Path ConnectionPAD or P
Padding PAD Padding used to cell align
VPI Virtual Path Identifier
PCR Peak Cell Rate WLL Wireless Local LoopPDU Protocol Data Unit