Transportation & Storage - Today at Minesinside.mines.edu/~jjechura/GasProcessing/13_Transportation_Storag… · 04/01/2019  · Updated: January 4, 2019 Copyright © 2019 John Jechura

Transportation & Storage

Chapter 17

Updated: January 4, 2019Copyright © 2019 John Jechura ([email protected])

Topics

Gas distribution system▪ Pipelines

▪ Storage facilities

•Depleted reservoirs (fields)

• Salt caverns

•Depleted aquifers

▪ Market centers

Liquid distribution system▪ Transportation – pipeline, rail, truck, barge

▪ Storage

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Updated: January 4, 2019Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Gas distribution system

Updated: January 4, 2019Copyright © 2019 John Jechura ([email protected])

Overview of U.S. Natural Gas Distribution System

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Updated: January 4, 2019Copyright © 2019 John Jechura ([email protected])

Distribution of Gas Line Diameters (2009)

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United States International

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Underground Storage Capacity in U.S. (2008)

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Updated: January 4, 2019Copyright © 2019 John Jechura ([email protected])

Underground Gas Storage

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https://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/storage/basics/

Updated: January 4, 2019Copyright © 2019 John Jechura ([email protected])

Underground Gas Storage

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http://www.energyinfrastructure.org/energy-101/natural-gas-storage

Updated: January 4, 2019Copyright © 2019 John Jechura ([email protected])

Underground Gas Storage

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http://www.energyinfrastructure.org/energy-101/natural-gas-storage

Updated: January 4, 2019Copyright © 2019 John Jechura ([email protected])

Underground Salt Caverns

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http://www.tunneltalk.com/Technological-developments-Apr11-Salt-cavern-storage.php

Updated: January 4, 2019Copyright © 2019 John Jechura ([email protected])

Solution Mining

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https://barryonenergy.wordpress.com/2012/06/10/natural-gas-storage-is-not-as-boring-as-you-as-think/

Updated: January 4, 2019Copyright © 2019 John Jechura ([email protected])

U.S. & Canadian Market Centers (2008)

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https://www.eia.gov/naturalgas/archive/ngmarketcenter.pdf

Updated: January 4, 2019Copyright © 2019 John Jechura ([email protected])

U.S. Market Hubs

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https://www.eia.gov/state/maps.php retrieved April 26, 2018

Updated: January 4, 2019Copyright © 2019 John Jechura ([email protected])

U.S. Market Hubs & Pipelines

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https://www.eia.gov/state/maps.php retrieved April 26, 2018

Updated: January 4, 2019Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Liquid distribution system

Updated: January 4, 2019Copyright © 2019 John Jechura ([email protected])

Liquid distribution system

Options for transporting liquids similar to options for gases

▪ Pipeline

•Dedicated pipeline,

•Batching with other liquids in a petroleum pipeline

▪ Rail

▪ Truck

▪ Marine (barge)

Feasibility of methods depend upon:

▪ Product specifications, especially with respect to water and sulfur requirements

▪ Existing infrastructure

▪ Volatility

▪ Rate of product produced

▪ Distance between plant and customer

▪ Geographic location

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Updated: January 4, 2019Copyright © 2019 John Jechura ([email protected])

Liquid distribution system issues

Mixed NGLs▪ Can be very large volume & can

justify dedicated pipeline to dedicated fractionation site

E/P mixtures▪ High vapor pressures necessitate

dedicated pipelines

LPGs•Dedicated pipelines have

been built for Propane HD-5

•Odorized with methyl mercaptan

Butanes▪ Relatively small volumes so no

dedicated pipelines

▪ Truck or rail to hub

Natural gasoline▪ Small volumes, typically stored &

sent via truck to refinery

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http://www.thermacon.com/gallery/

Updated: January 4, 2019Copyright © 2017 John Jechura ([email protected])

Summary

Updated: January 4, 2019Copyright © 2019 John Jechura ([email protected])

Summary

Large volume storage may be underground▪ Salt caverns

▪ Depleted reservoirs

System for transportation depend on volumes to be moved▪ Gas, NGL, & LPG through dedicated pipelines

▪ Small volumes via rail & trucks

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