transportation law_collection of provisions vol 2

8/14/2019 transportation law_collection of provisions vol 2

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Regulation of Public Services CA 146: Public

Service Act Sec 13.a

Section 13. (a) The Commission shall have

jurisdiction, supervision, and control over all

public services and their franchises, equipment,and other properties, and in the exercise of its

authority, it shall have the necessary powers

and the aid of the public force: Provided, That

public services owned or operated by

government entities or government-owned or

controlled corporations shall be regulated by

the Commission in the same way as privately-

owned public services, but certificates of public

convenience or certificates of public

convenience and necessity shall not be requiredof such entities or corporations: And provided,

further, That it shall have no authority to

require steamboats, motor ships and steamship

lines, whether privately-owned, or owned or

operated by any Government controlled

corporation or instrumentality to obtain

certificate of public convenience or to prescribe

their definite routes or lines of service.

Regulation of Ownership CA 146: Public

Service Act Sec 16.a

Section 16. Proceedings of the Commission,

upon notice and hearing. - The Commission

shall have power, upon proper notice andhearing in accordance with the rules and

provisions of this Act, subject to the limitations

and exceptions mentioned and saving

provisions to the contrary :

(a) To issue certificates which shall be known as

certificates of public convenience, authorizing

the operation of public service within the

Philippines whenever the Commission finds that

the operation of the public service proposed

and the authorization to do business will

promote the public interest in a proper and

suitable manner. Provided, That thereafter,

certificates of public convenience and

certificates of public convenience and necessity

will be granted only to citizens of the

Philippines or of the United States or to

corporations, co-partnerships, associations or

joint-stock companies constituted and

organized under the laws of the Philippines;Provided, That sixty per centum of the stock or

paid-up capital of any such corporations, co-

partnership, association or joint-stock company

must belong entirely to citizens of the

Philippines or of the United States: Provided,

further, That no such certificates shall be issued

for a period of more than fifty years.


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Regulation of Ownership RA 9295

SEC. 3.Definition of Terms. - As used in and forpurposes of this Act, the following terms, whether insingular or plural are hereby defined as follows:

(a) "Domestic shipping" shall mean thetransport of passenger or cargo, or both, byships duly registered and licensed underPhilippine law to engage in trade andcommerce between Philippine ports andwithin Philippine territorial or internal waters,for hire or compensation, with general orlimited clientele, whether permanentoccasional or incidental, with or without fixedroutes, and done for contractual orcommercial purposes;

(b) "Domestic trade" shall mean the sale,barter or exchange of goods, materials orproducts within the Philippines;

(c) "Domestic Ship Operator" or "DomesticShip Owner" may be used interchangeablyand shall mean a citizen of the Philippines,or a commercial partnership wholly ownedby Filipinos, or a corporation at least sixtypercent (60%) of the capital of which isowned by Filipinos, which is duly authorizedby the Maritime Industry Authority (MARINA)to engage in the business of domesticshipping;

(d) "Shipper" shall mean any person,partnership or corporation who shall procure

for itself the services of a domestic shipoperator for the carriage of its cargo in thedomestic trade upon payment of propercompensation;

(e) "MARINA" shall mean the MaritimeIndustry Authority;

(f) "Ship" or "Vessel" may be usedinterchangeably and shall mean any kind,class or type of craft or artificial contrivancecapable of floating in water, designed to beused, or capable of being used as a meansof water transport in the domestic trade for

the carriage of passengers or cargo, or both,utilizing its own motive power or that ofanother;

(g) "Importation" shall mean the directpurchase, lease or charter of newlyconstructed or previously owned ships, orthe purchase of ship's spare parts fromforeign sources or from registeredenterprises operating in special economic

zones as this terms is defined in RepublicAct No. 7916 entitled, "The SpecialEconomic Zone Act of 1995,"

(h) "Spare parts" shall mean the replacementparts or components of vessel, including butnot limited to its hull, engines, machineries,

equipment, appurtenances, necessariesaccessories, article, supplies, materials,steelplates, aluminum plates, other metalplates, communications, equipment, andother parts or components thereof, installedabroad the ships necessary for its safe andefficient navigation and operation;

(i) "Certificate of Public Convenience' shallmean the license on authority issued byMARINA to a domestic ship operator toengage in domestic shipping;

(j) "Cargo handling equipment' shall mean

any machinery, gear or equipment used bythe ship operator or a duly authorized andlicensed port operator to service or handlecargo, on board the vessel at the port or inthe terminal or container yard such as, butnot limited to cranes, forklifts, top lifts,stackers, tractor heads, containers, palletboards and the like, including all spare parts,replacement parts, appurtenancesaccessories, articles, supplies and materialsthereof;

(k) "Shipbuilding" shall mean the design,construction, launching and outfitting of all

types of ships and watercraft;

(l) "Ship repair" shall mean the overhaul,refurbishment renovation improvement, oralteration of the hull, machineries,equipment, outfits and components of alltypes of ships;

(m) "Shipyard" shall mean the shipbuilding orrepair facilities which have the capability tolift vessels above the waterline in order toeffect ship work on vessels, appendages,structure, machinery and equipment; and

(n) "Shipbuilder" or "Ship repairer" shallmean a citizen of the Philippines, or acommercial partnership owned by majority ofFilipinos or a corporation incorporated underthe laws of the Philippines, the capital ofwhich is owned or controlled in anyproportion by Filipinos or by foreignnationals, or by both such Filipinos or foreignnationals, or by corporations whether Filipinoor foreign-owned, which is duly authorizedby the MARINA to engage in the business of


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shipbuilding or ship repair or to otherwiseoperate a shipyard, graving dock or marinerepair yard.

CHAPTER IIIDEREGULATION OF THE DOMESTIC SHIPPING

INDUSTRY-AUTHORITY

OF THE MARITIME INDUSTRY AUTHORITY

SEC. 5.Authority to Operate. - No franchise,certificate or any other form authorization for thecarriage of cargo or passenger, or both in thedomestic trade, shall be granted except of domesticship owners or operators.

SEC. 6.Foreign Vessels Engaged in Trade and

Commerce in the Philippines Territorial Waters. -

No foreign vessel shall be allowed to transport

passengers or cargo between ports or place within

the Philippine territorial waters, except upon the grant

Special Permit by the MARINA when no domesticvessels is available or suitable to provide the needed

shipping service and public interest warrants the

same.

Regulation of Ownership RA 776

Sec. 11. Nature, terms and conditions.

A Certificate of Public Convenience and

Necessity is a permit issued by the Board

authorizing a person to engage in air

commerce and/or air transportation, foreign

and/or domestic.

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Sec. 12. Citizenship requirement. Except as

otherwise provided in the Constitution and

existing treaty or treaties, a permit authorizing

a person to engage in domestic air commerce

and/or air transportation shall be issued only tocitizens of the Philippines.


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Regulation of Rates CA 146



shall have power, upon proper notice and

hearing in accordance with the rules andprovisions of this Act, subject to the limitations



xxx

(c) To fix and determine individual or joint rates,

tolls, charges, classifications, or schedules

thereof, as well as commutation, mileage,

kilometrage, and other special rates which shall

be imposed observed and followed thereafter

by any public service: Provided, That the

Commission may, in its discretion, approve

rates proposed by public services provisionally

and without necessity of any hearing; but it

shall call a hearing thereon within thirty days,

thereafter, upon publication and notice to the

concerns operating in the territory affected:

Provided, further, That in case the public service

equipment of an operator is used principally or

secondarily for the promotion of a private

business, the net profits of said private business

shall be considered in relation with the public

service of such operator for the purpose of

fixing the rates.

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Regulation of Rates RA 9295

SEC. 8.Deregulation of the Domestic Shipping

Industry. - In order to encourage investments in

the domestic shipping industry by existing

domestic ship operators and attract newinvestment from new operators and investors,

domestic ship operators are hereby authorized

to establish their own domestic shipping rates:

Provided, That effective competition is fostered

and public interest is served.

The MARINA shall monitor all shipping

operations and exercise regulatory intervention

where it is established after due process that

public interest needs to be protected and

safeguarded.

SEC. 11.Rates. - Every domestic ship operator

shall have the right to fix its own passenger pr

cargo rates, or both.


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Rule with respect to air transport RA 776

Sec. 10. Powers and duties of the Board. (A)

Except as otherwise provided herein, the Board

shall have the power to regulate the economic

aspect of air transportation, and shall have thegeneral supervision and regulation of, and

jurisdiction and control over, air carriers

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(C) The Board shall have the following specific

powers and duties:

(1) In accordance with the provisions of

Chapter IV of this Act, to issue, deny, amend,

revise, alter, modify, cancel, suspend or revoke,in whole or in part, upon petition or complaint,

or upon its own initiative, any temporary

operating permit or Certificate of Public

Convenience and Necessity: Provided, however,

That in the case of foreign air carriers, the

permit shall be issued with the approval of the

President of the Republic of the Philippines.

(2) To fix and determine reasonable individual,

joint or special rates, charges or fares which anair carrier may demand, collect or receive for

any service in connection with air commerce.

The Board may adopt any original, amended, or

new individual, joint or special rates, charges or

fares proposed by an air carrier if the proposed

individual, joint, or special rates, charges or

fares are not unduly preferential or unduly

discriminatory or unreasonable. The burden of

proof to show that the proposed individual,

joint or special rates, charges or fares are justare reasonable shall be upon the air carrier

proposing the same.

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Rule with respect to air transport EO 219

Domestic air transportation

2.2 Tariffs and Fares. To the extent allowed by

law passage freight and other charges shall be

liberalized. However, passage rates shall

likewise be deregulated for routes/links

operated by more than one (1) common carrier.

For routes serviced by a single operator,

passage rates shall continue to be regulated.

However, all freight rates, charges and passage

rates shall be monitored by the CAB.


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Regulation of authorized routes CA 146:

Public Service Act Sec 13.b

Section 13.(b) The term "public service"

includes every person that now or hereafter

may own, operate, manage, or control in thePhilippines, for hire or compensation, with

general or limited clientele, whether

permanent, occasional or accidental, and done

for general business purposes, any common

carrier, railroad, street railway, traction railway,

sub-way motor vehicle, either for freight or

passenger, or both with or without fixed route

and whether may be its classification, freight or

carrier service of any class, express service,

steamboat or steamship line, pontines, ferries,and water craft, engaged in the transportation

of passengers or freight or both, shipyard,

marine railways, marine repair shop,

[warehouse] wharf or dock, ice plant, ice-

refrigeration plant, canal, irrigation system, gas,

electric light, heat and power water supply and

power, petroleum, sewerage system, wire or

wireless communications system, wire or

wireless broadcasting stations and other similar

public services: Provided, however, That aperson engaged in agriculture, not otherwise a

public service, who owns a motor vehicle and

uses it personally and/or enters into a special

contract whereby said motor vehicle is offered

for hire or compensation to a third party or

third parties engaged in agriculture, not itself or

themselves a public service, for operation by

the latter for a limited time and for a specific

purpose directly connected with the cultivation

of his or their farm, the transportation,

processing, and marketing of agricultural

products of such third party or third parties

shall not be considered as operating a public

service for the purposes of this Act.

Regulation of authorized routes EO 292 Book

IV Title XV Chapter 5 Sec 19

Sec. 19. Powers and Functions of the Land

Transportation Franchising and Regulatory

Board. The Board shall:

(1) Prescribe and regulate routes,

economically viable capacities, and zones or

areas of operation of public land transportation

services provided by motorized vehicles in

accordance with the public land transportation

development plans and programs approved by

the Department of Transportation and

Communications;

(2) Issue, amend, revise, suspend or cancel

Certificates of Public Convenience or permits

authorizing the operation of public land

transportation services provided by motorized

vehicles, and prescribe the appropriate terms

and conditions therefor;

(3) Determine, prescribe, approve and

periodically review and adjust reasonable fares,

rates and other related charges, relative to the

operation of public land transportation servicesprovided by motorized vehicles;

xxx


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Regulation of authorized routes EO 125-A

Sec. 3. Section 14 of said Executive Order is

hereby renumbered as Section 12 and amended

to read as follows:

"Sec. 12. Maritime Industry Authority. The

Maritime Industry Authority is hereby retained

and shall have the following functions:

(a) Develop and formulate plans, policies,

programs, projects, standards, specifications

and guidelines geared toward the promotion

and development of the maritime industry, the

growth and effective regulation of shipping

enterprises, and for the national security

objectives of the country;

(b) Establish, prescribe and regulate routes,

zones and/or areas of operation of particular

operators of public water services;

(c) Issue Certificates of Public Convenience for

the operation of domestic and overseas water

carriers;

(d) Register vessels as well as issue certificates,

licenses or documents necessary or incident

thereto;

(e) Undertake the safety regulatory functions

pertaining to vessel construction and operation

including the determination of manning levels

and issuance of certificates of competency to

seamen;

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Regulation of authorized routes RA 776

Sec. 13. Conduct of proceedings. The Board

shall conduct its proceedings in such manner as

will be conductive to the proper dispatch of

business and to the ends of justice. All hearingsand investigations before the Civil Aeronautics

Board shall be governed, by the rules of

procedure adopted by the Board, and in the

conduct thereof the Board shall be not be

bound by the technical rules of evidence.


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EO 185

1. The entry of new operators into the domestic

water transport industry shall be liberalized to

enhance the level of competition and bring

about reasonable rates and improved quality ofservices.

1.1. Opening-up of all Routes

Public interest and public convenience call for

the levelling of the playing field for all existing

and new operators in the domestic water

transport industry. Competition, provided it is

not ruinous, should be the norm to open-up the

industry to new investments and to stimulate

further economic activity.

1.1.1. All routes/links shall have a minimum of

two (2) operators. Routes/links presently

serviced by only one (1) operator, or

monopolized or cartelized as determined by

MARINA, shall be open for entry to additional

operators.

1.1.2. All routes/links which have been serviced

by any operator for an aggregate period of atleast five (5) years shall be open for entry to

additional operators without limit.

1.2. Encouraging Entry Into Developmental

Routes

The entry of operators in developmental routes

as determined by MARINA shall be encouraged.

An operator who pioneers in the provision of a

certain technological level/type of shipping

service in a developmental route shall beauthorized to charge market-accepted freight

and passage rates differing from the authorized

fork-tariff, if availed of; Provided, that the

operator shall apply with MARINA for the

adjustment in or adoption of such rates, the

approval of which shall be accordingly granted;

and Provided, further, that after five (5) years of

such operation, the continued authorization of

such rates, or adjustments thereof, shall be

dependent on an evaluation undertaken by

MARINA.

1.3. Deregulating Entry of Newly-Acquired

Vessels Into Routes Already Served By

Franchised Operators

1.3.1. An existing or new operator who acquires

a vessel through importation, bareboat charter

with option to purchase, lease-purchase, or

local construction, shall be granted a Certificate

of Public Convenience (CPC)/Provisional

Authority (PA) and allowed to operate such

vessel in any route, even if already being served

by existing franchised operators for less than

five (5) years, including developmental routes;

Provided, that the prescribed application for

CPC has been filed, and the basic requisites

prior to issuance thereof have been complied

with; Provided, further, that upon filing of the

application for CPC, the presumption of public

need shall be accorded in favor of the applicant,

especially but not necessarily when any of thefollowing conditions shall be shown to obtain:

1.3.1.1. The proposed operation shall introduce

innovative, technologically-advanced, or

pioneering shipping services in the route

applied for, such as, but not limited to, the

deployment of fast ferries, cruise vessels,

container vessels and RoRo vessels, or the

employment of modern and efficient on-board

cargo handling equipment as an integral part of

the vessel's operation;

1.3.1.2. The proposed operation shall introduce

improvements in the quality of service being

provided in the applied route/link;


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1.3.1.3. The vessel proposed to be deployed

shall serve as an improvement over the existing

vessels operating therein, either in terms of the

vessel's age, size, capacity, hull material and

other vessel technical features;

1.3.1.4. The proposed operation shall foster

cost-effective/competitive shipping service in

the route proposed to be served;

1.3.1.5. The proposed operation shall service

priority tourist links as identified by the

Department of Tourism in its Tourism Master

Plan;

1.3.1.6. The route/link applied for warrants

additional operators/services, as determined by

MARINA or by pertinent local government units,

resulting in public invitations for additional

services therein.

This condition covers cases where there is a

duly verified and legitimate public clamor for

additional shipping services and it has been

determined that existing authorized operators

in the route/link have not been sensitive to an

increase in demand by offering to increasecapacity only after another operator has offered

to provide additional services therein; and

1.3.1.7. Where existing authorized operators

have abandoned their operations in a given

route.

Any oppositor to the application shall bear the

burden of proving that there is no need for the

proposed service.

Provided, finally, that the vessel, upon issuance

of the CPC, shall continuously serve its

franchised route for at least one (1) year.

1.4. Vessel Rerouting Or Amendment Of

Authorized Route And Change In Sailing

Schedules And Frequency

Any change or amendment to the authorized

routing pattern of a vessel can be undertakenby an existing authorized operator thru the

following: (1) omission or deletion of port(s); (2)

addition of other port(s); (3) omission and

subsequent addition of port(s); (4) changing the

sequence of port calls; (5) retention of

authorized routing pattern but with addition of

one or more ports. Vacated port(s) or

link(s)/route(s) as a result of the above shall be

looked into by MARINA insofar as adequacy or

sufficiency of the remaining existing shippingservices is concerned:

1.4.1. Approval shall be granted to applications

for any of the above forms of change or

amendment of authorized routing pattern by

existing franchised liner vessels, Provided, that:

1.4.1.1. No conflict in sailing schedules with

other affected operators in the applied

route/link shall result therefrom, otherwise, the

MARINA shall prescribe, motu propio, sailing

schedules that will best serve public interest

and convenience;

1.4.1.2. No route or link shall be left unserviced

by the rerouting or route amendment, unless a

substitute vessel from the applicant will be

deployed therein, or vessel(s) from other

existing authorized operators are left serving

the route/link; and

1.4.1.3. Shipping service in the previous

route/link has been continuously rendered by

the vessel for at least one (1) year from

issuance of CPC.

1.4.2. If the rerouting or route amendment of a

vessel is caused by the deployment of a newly


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acquired vessel (either through importation,

bareboat charter with option to purchase, lease

purchase or local construction) into the

authorized route of an operator, the policy of

liberalized entry into any route under Section

1.3 above shall be applied.

1.4.3. If no newly-acquired vessel is involved

and an application is filed for the rerouting or

route amendment of a vessel, where an entirely

new route or link will be served, a new

application for CPC shall be filed and entry

therein will depend on whether any of the

conditions or circumstances enumerated in

Section 1.3 above has been proven to obtain.

Priority shall, however, be given to newly-acquired vessels brought into the fleet, subject

to Section 1.3, in the grant of CPC to a given

route.

1.4.4. In cases where only a temporary

authority has so far been issued to a vessel,

pending resolution of the basic application for

CPC, an application for amendment of route or

rerouting may be filed and considered by the

MARINA, but the amended authority to beissued as a result thereof, shall be subject to the

one (1) year maximum period per issuance to

be cumulatively reckoned from the first PA

issued in the original application.

Regulation of equipment used CA 146



shall have power, upon proper notice and

hearing in accordance with the rules andprovisions of this Act, subject to the limitations



xxx

(d) To fix just and reasonable standards,

classifications, regulations, practices,

measurement, or service to be furnished,

imposed, observed, and followed thereafter by

any public service.

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Regulation of equipment used RA 9295

SEC. 9. Safety Standards. - All vessels operate by

domestic ship operators shall at all times be in

seaworthy condition properly equipped with

adequate life-saving, communication, safetyand other equipment operated and maintained

in accordance with the standards set by

MARINA, and manned by duly licensed and

competent vessel crew.

The MARINA shall have the power to inspect

vessels and all equipment on board to ensure

compliance with safety standards.

SEC. 10. Jurisdiction; Power; and Duties of

MARINA. - The MARINA shall have the power

and authority to:

(1) Register vessels;

(2) Issue certificates of public convenience or

any extensions or amendments thereto,

authorizing the operation of all kinds. Classes

and types of vessels in domestic shipping:

Provided, That no such certificate shall be valid

for a period of more than twenty-five (25)years;

(3) Modify, suspend or revoke at any time upon

notice and hearing, any certificate, license or

accreditation it may have issued to any

domestic ship operator;

(4) Establish and prescribe routes, zones or

areas of operations of domestic ship operators;

(5) Require any domestic ship operator toprovide shipping services to any coastal area,

island or region in the country where such

services are necessary for the development of

the area, to meet emergency sealift

requirements, or when public interest so

requires;

(6) Set safety standards for vessels in

accordance with applicable conventions and

regulations;

(7) Require all domestic ship operators to

comply with operational and safety standardsfor vessels set by applicable conventions and

regulations, maintain its vessels in safe and

serviceable conditions, meet the standards of

safety of life at sea and safe manning

requirements, and furnish safe, adequate,

efficient, reliable and proper service at all times;

(8) Inspect all vessels to ensure and enforce

compliance with safety standards and other

regulations;

(9) Ensure that all domestic ship operators

shall have the financial capacityto provide and

sustain safe, reliable, efficient and economic

passenger or cargo service, or both;

(10) Determine the impact which any new

service shall have to the locality it will serve;

(11) Adopt and enforce such rules and

regulations which will ensure compliance byevery domestic ship operator with required

safety standards and other rules and

regulations on vessel safety;

(12) Adopt such rules and regulations which

ensure the reasonable stability of passengers

and freight rates and, if necessary, to intervene

in order to protect public interest;

(13) Hear and adjudicate any complaint made in

writing involving any violation of this law or therules and regulations of the Authority;

(14) Impose such fines and penalties on,

including the revocations of licenses of any

domestic ship operator who shall fail to

maintain its vessels in safe and serviceable


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condition, or who shall violate or fail to comply

with safety regulations;

(15) Investigate any complaint made in writing

against any domestic ship operator, or any

shipper, or any group of shippers regarding anymatter involving violations of the provisions of

this Act;

(16) Upon notice and hearing, impose such

fines, suspend or revoke certificates of public

convenience or other license issued, or

otherwise penalize any ship operator, shipper

or group of shippers found violating the

provisions of this Act; and

(17) Issue such rules and regulations necessary

to implement the provisions of this Act:

Provided, That such rules and regulations

cannot change or in any way amend or be

contrary to the intent and purposes of this Act.



shall have the power to regulate the economic

aspect of air transportation, and shall have the

general supervision and regulation of, and

jurisdiction and control over, air carriers

xxx


powers and duties:



revise, alter, modify, cancel, suspend or revoke,

in whole or in part, upon petition or complaint,








joint or special rates, charges or fares which an

air carrier may demand, collect or receive for

any service in connection with air commerce.The Board may adopt any original, amended, or







joint or special rates, charges or fares are just

are reasonable shall be upon the air carrier

proposing the same.

In fixing rates, charges, or fares under the

provisions of this Act, the Board shall take into

consideration, among other factors:


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Regulation of period of franchise RA 776

Sec. 11. Nature, terms and conditions. A

Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity

is a permit issued by the Board authorizing a

person to engage in air commerce and/or airtransportation, foreign and/or domestic.

Any permit may be altered, amended, modified,

suspended, cancelled or revoked by the Board

in whole or in part, upon complaint or petition

or upon the Board's initiative as hereinafter

provided, whenever the Board finds such action

to be in the public interest.

There shall be attached to the exercise of the

privileges granted by the permit, or amendment

thereto, such reasonable terms, conditions or

limitations as, in the judgment of the Board, the

public interest may require.

No permit shall confer any proprietary,

property, or exclusive right in the use of any air

space, civil airway, landing area or government

air-navigation facility.

The permit shall, among others, specify theterminal and intermediate points, if any,

between which the air carrier is authorized to

operate; the service to be rendered; the time of

arrival and departure at each point, and the

frequency of flights: Provided, That no change

in routes, rates, schedules, or frequency nor

supplemental or additional flights to those

covered by an Air Commerce Permit or

franchise shall be effected without prior

approval of the Civil Aeronautics Board. Insofaras the operation is to take place without the

Philippines, the permit shall designate the

terminal and intermediate points only insofar as

the Board shall deem practicable, and

otherwise shall designate only the general route

or routes to be followed.

No carrier shall abandon any route, or part

thereof for which a permit has been issued,

unless upon findings by the Civil Aeronautics

Board that such an abandonment is

uneconomical and is in the public interest.


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Governments right of requisition RA 7471

Sec. 9. Requisition of Vessels. The President

of the Philippines may, in times of war and

other national emergency, requisition

absolutely or temporarily, for any naval ormilitary purpose, any and all vessels of the

Philippine registry. The Government shall pay

the owner or operator of the vessel, based on

normal conditions at the time of requisition;

(a) The fair market value, if the vessel is taken

absolutely, or

(b) The fair charter value, if the vessel is taken

temporarily.

In case of disagreement, such fair value shall be

determined by an arbitration committee

composed of:

(a) One (1) member to be appointed by the

MARINA; chan robles virtual law library

(b) One (1) member to be appointed by the

owner or operator of the vessel; and chan

robles virtual law library

(c) One (1) member to be appointed by the two

(2) members so appointed.

The decision of the arbitration committee shall

be final and binding on both parties.

Governments right of requisition RA 9295

SEC. 24. Temporary Take-Over of Operations. -

In times of national emergency, when the public

interest so requires, the State may during

emergencies and under reasonable termsprescribed by it, temporary take over or direct

the operations or any vessel engaged in

domestic trade and commerce, or prescribe its

rates or routes of operation. Immediately upon

the cessation of the emergency, the State shall

immediately reinstate to the domestic ship

operation of its vessel under the same terms

and conditions prior to the occurrence of the

emergency.


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Revocation of license CA 146

Section 21. Every public service violating or

failing to comply with the terms and conditions

of any certificate or any orders, decisions or

regulations of the Commission shall be subjectto a fine of not exceeding two hundred pesos

per day for every day during which such default

or violation continues; and the Commission is

hereby authorized and empowered to impose

such fine, after due notice and hearing.

The fines so imposed shall be paid to the

Government of the Philippines through the

Commission, and failure to pay the fine in any

case within the same specified in the order or

decision of the Commission shall be deemed

good and sufficient reason for the suspension of

the certificate of said public service until

payment shall be made. Payment may also be

enforced by appropriate action brought in a

court of competent jurisdiction. The remedy

provided in this section shall not be a bar to, or

affect any other remedy provided in this Act but

shall be cumulative and additional to such

remedy or remedies.

Revocation of license RA 776

Sec. 22. Modification, suspension or

revocation. The Board, upon petition or

complaint or upon its own initiative, may, by

order entered after notice and opportunity forhearing, alter, amend, modify or suspend any

permit, in whole or in part, if public

convenience and necessity so require; or may

revoke any permit, in whole or in part, for

intentional failure to comply with any provision

of this Act or any order, rule or regulation

issued thereunder, or any term, condition or

limitation of such permit: Provided, That the

Board, for good cause, may, by order without

notice and hearing suspend, for a period not toexceed thirty days, any permit or the exercise of

any privilege or authority issued or granted

under this Act whenever such step shall, in the

judgment of the Board, be necessary to avoid

serious or irreparable damage or inconvenience

to the public. Any interested person may file

with the Board a protest or memorandum in

support of or in opposition to the alteration,

amendment, modification, suspension, or

revocation of any permit.


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Protection of operators from foreign

competition Tariff and Customs Code

Sec. 902. Vessels Eligible for Coastwise Trade.

The right to engage in the Philippine

coastwise trade is limited to vessels carrying acertificate of Philippine registry.

Sec. 905. Transportation of Passengers and

Articles Between Philippine Ports. Passengers

shall not be received at one Philippine port for

any other such port by a vessel not licensed for

the coastwise trade, except upon special

permission previously granted by the Collector;

and subject to the same qualification, articles

embarked at a domestic port shall not be

transported to any other port in the Philippines,either directly or by way of a foreign port, or for

any part of the voyage, in any other vessel than

one licensed for the coastwise trade.

Sec. 1001. Ports Open to Vessels Engaged in

Foreign Trade Duty of Vessel to Make Entry.

Vessels engaged in the foreign trade shall

touch at ports of entry only, except as

otherwise specially allowed; and every such

vessel arriving within a customs collectiondistrict of the Philippines from a foreign port

shall make entry at the port of entry for such

district and shall be subject to the authority of

the Collector of the port while within his

jurisdiction.

The master of any war vessel employed by any

foreign government shall not be required to

report and enter on arrival in the Philippines,

unless engaged in the transportation of articles

in the way of trade.

Sec. 1009. Clearance of Foreign Vessels To and

From Coastwise Ports. Passengers or articles

arriving from abroad upon a foreign vessel may

be carried by the same vessel through any port

of entry to the port of destination in the

Philippines; and passengers departing from the

Philippines or articles intended for export may

be carried in a foreign vessel through a

Philippine port.

Upon such reasonable condition as he mayimpose, the Commissioner may clear foreign

vessels for any port and authorize the

conveyance therein of either articles or

passengers brought from abroad upon such

vessels; and he may likewise, upon such

conditions as he may impose, allow a foreign

vessel to take cargo and passengers at any port

and convey the same upon such vessel to a

foreign port.


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Protection of operators from foreign

competition RA 9295

SEC. 6. Foreign Vessels Engaged in Trade and

Commerce in the Philippines Territorial

Waters. - No foreign vessel shall be allowed totransport passengers or cargo between ports or

place within the Philippine territorial waters,

except upon the grant Special Permit by the

MARINA when no domestic vessels is available

or suitable to provide the needed shipping

service and public interest warrants the same.

Quasi-judicial functions of regulatory agencies

CA 146



shall have power, upon proper notice andhearing in accordance with the rules and

provisions of this Act, subject to the limitations



(a) To issue certificates which shall be known as

certificates of public convenience, authorizing

the operation of public service within the

Philippines whenever the Commission finds that

the operation of the public service proposed

and the authorization to do business will

promote the public interest in a proper and

suitable manner. Provided, That thereafter,

certificates of public convenience and

certificates of public convenience and necessity

will be granted only to citizens of the

Philippines or of the United States or to

corporations, co-partnerships, associations or

joint-stock companies constituted and

organized under the laws of the Philippines;Provided, That sixty per centum of the stock or

paid-up capital of any such corporations, co-

partnership, association or joint-stock company

must belong entirely to citizens of the

Philippines or of the United States: Provided,

further, That no such certificates shall be issued

for a period of more than fifty years.

(b) To approve, subject to constitutional

limitations any franchise or privilege granted

under the provisions of Act No. Six Hundred and

Sixty-seven, as amended by Act No. One

Thousand and twenty-two, by any political

subdivision of the Philippines when, in the

judgment of the Commission, such franchise or

privilege will properly conserve the public

interests, and the Commission shall in so


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approving impose such conditions as to

construction, equipment, maintenance, service,

or operation as the public interests and

convenience may reasonably require, and to

issue certificates of public convenience and

necessity when such is required or provided by

any law or franchise.

(c) To fix and determine individual or joint rates,

tolls, charges, classifications, or schedules

thereof, as well as commutation, mileage,

kilometrage, and other special rates which shall

be imposed observed and followed thereafter

by any public service: Provided, That the

Commission may, in its discretion, approve

rates proposed by public services provisionallyand without necessity of any hearing; but it

shall call a hearing thereon within thirty days,

thereafter, upon publication and notice to the

concerns operating in the territory affected:

Provided, further, That in case the public service

equipment of an operator is used principally or

secondarily for the promotion of a private

business, the net profits of said private business

shall be considered in relation with the public

service of such operator for the purpose offixing the rates.

(d) To fix just and reasonable standards,

classifications, regulations, practices,

measurement, or service to be furnished,

imposed, observed, and followed thereafter by

any public service.

(e) To ascertain and fix adequate and

serviceable standards for the measurement of

quantity, quality, pressure, initial voltage, or

other condition pertaining to the supply of the

product or service rendered by any public

service, and to prescribe reasonable regulations

for the examination and test of such product or

service and for the measurement thereof.

(f) To establish reasonable rules, regulations,

instructions, specifications, and standards, to

secure the accuracy of all meters and

appliances for measurements.

(g) To compel any public service to furnish safe,adequate, and proper service as regards the

manner of furnishing the same as well as the

maintenance of the necessary material and

equipment.

(h) To require any public service to establish,

construct, maintain, and operate any

reasonable extension of its existing facilities,

where in the judgment of said Commission,

such extension is reasonable and practicable

and will furnish sufficient business to justify the

construction and maintenance of the same and

when the financial condition of the said public

service reasonably warrants the original

expenditure required in making and operating

such extension.

(i) To direct any railroad, street railway or

traction company to establish and maintain at

any junction or point of connection or

intersection with any other line of said road or

track, or with any other line of any other

railroad, street railway or traction to promote,

such just and reasonable connection as shall be

necessary to promote the convenience of

shippers of property, or of passengers, and in

like manner direct any railroad, street railway,

or traction company engaged in carrying

merchandise, to construct, maintain and

operate, upon reasonable terms, a switch

connection with any private sidetrack which

may be constructed by any shipper to connect

with the railroad, street railway or traction

company line where, in the judgment of the

Commission, such connection is reasonable and

practicable and can be out in with safety and


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will furnish sufficient business to justify the

construction and maintenance of the same.

(j) To authorize, in its discretion, any railroad,

street railway or traction company to lay its

tracks across the tracks of any other railroad,street railway or traction company or across any

public highway.

(k) To direct any railroad or street railway

company to install such safety devices or about

such other reasonable measures as may in the

judgment of the Commission be necessary for

the protection of the public are passing grade

crossing of (1) public highways and railroads, (2)

public highways and streets railway, or (3)

railways and street railways.

(l) To fix and determine proper and adequate

rates of depreciation of the property of any

public service which will be observed in a

proper and adequate depreciation account to

be carried for the protection of stockholders,

bondholders or creditors in accordance with

such rules, regulations, and form of account as

the Commission may prescribe. Said rates shall

be sufficient to provide the amounts required

over and above the expense of maintenance to

keep such property in a state of efficiency

corresponding to the progress of the industry.

Each public service shall conform its

depreciation accounts to the rates so

determined and fixed, and shall set aside the

moneys so provided for out of its earnings and

carry the same in a depreciation fund. The

income from investments of money in such

fund shall likewise be carried in such fund. This

fund shall not be expended otherwise than for

depreciation, improvements, new construction,

extensions or conditions to the properly of such

public service.

(m) To amend, modify or revoke at any time

certificate issued under the provisions of this

Act, whenever the facts and circumstances on

the strength of which said certificate was issued

have been misrepresented or materially

changed.

(n) To suspend or revoke any certificate issued

under the provisions of this Act whenever the

holder thereof has violated or willfully and

contumaciously refused to comply with any

order rule or regulation of the Commission or

any provision of this Act: Provided, That the

Commission, for good cause, may prior to the

hearing suspend for a period not to exceed

thirty days any certificate or the exercise of anyright or authority issued or granted under this

Act by order of the Commission, whenever such

step shall in the judgment of the Commission be

necessary to avoid serious and irreparable

damage or inconvenience to the public or to

private interests.

(o) To fix, determine, and regulate, as the

convenience of the state may require, a special

type for auto-busses, trucks, and motor trucksto be hereafter constructed, purchased, and

operated by operators after the approval of this

Act; to fix and determine a special registration

fee for auto-buses, trucks, and motor trucks so

constructed, purchased and operated:

Provided, That said fees shall be smaller than

more those charged for auto-busses, trucks,

and motor trucks of types not made regulation

under the subsection.

Section 17. Proceedings of Commission without

previous hearing. - The Commission shall have

power without previous hearing, subject to

established limitations and exception and

saving provisions to the contrary:


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(a) To investigate, upon its own initiative, or

upon complaint in writing, any matter

concerning any public service as regards

matters under its jurisdiction; to require any

public service to furnish safe, adequate, and

proper service as the public interest may

require and warrant; to enforce compliance

with any standard, rule, regulation, order or

other requirement of this Act or of the

Commission, and to prohibit or prevent any

public service as herein defined from operating

without having first secured a certificate of

public convenience or public necessity and

convenience, as the case may be and require

existing public services to pay the fees provided

for in this Act for the issuance of the proper

certificate of public convenience or certificate

of public necessity and convenience, as the case

may be, under the penalty, in the discretion by

the Commission, of the revocation and

cancellation of any acquired rights.

(b) To require any public service to pay the

actual expenses incurred by the Commission in

any investigation if it shall be found in the same

that any rate, tool, charge, schedule, regulation,practice, act or service thereof is in violation of

any provision of this Act or any certificate,

order, rule, regulation or requirement issued or

established by the Commission. The

Commission may also assess against any public

service costs not to exceed twenty-five pesos

with reference to such investigation.

(c) From time to time appraise and value the

property of any public service, whenever in thejudgment of the Commission it shall be

necessary so to do, for the purpose of carrying

out any of the provisions of this Act, and in

making such valuation the Commission may

have access to and use any books, documents,

or records in the possession of any department,

bureau, office, or board of the government of

the Philippines or any political subdivision

thereof.

(d) To provide, on motion by or at the request

of any consumer or user of a public service, forthe examination and test of any appliance used

for the measuring of any product or service of a

public service, and for that purpose, by its

agents, experts, or examiners to enter upon any

premises where said appliances may be, and

other premises of the public service, for the

purpose of setting up and using on said

premises any apparatus necessary therefor. and

to fix the fees to be paid by any consumer or

user who may apply to the Commission for suchexamination or test to be made, and if the

appliance be found defective or incorrect to the

disadvantage of the consumer or user to

require the fees paid to be refunded to the

consumer or user by the public service

concerned.

(e) To permit any street railway or traction

company to change its existing gauge to

standard steam railroad gauge, upon suchterms and conditions as the Commission shall

prescribe.

(f) To grant to any public service special permits

to make extra or special trips within the

territory covered by its certificates of public

convenience, and to make special excursion

trips outside of its own territory if the public

interest or special circumstances required it:

Provided, however, that in case a public service

cannot render such extra service on its own line

or in its own territory, a special permit for such

extra service may be granted to any other

public service.

(g) To require any public service to keep its

books, records, and accounts so as to afford an


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intelligent understanding of the conduct of its

business and to that end to require every such

public service of the same class to adopt a

uniform system of accounting. Such system

conform to any system approved and confirmed

by the Auditor General.

(h) To require any public service to furnish

annual reports of finances and operations. Such

reports shall set forth in detail the capital stock

issued, the amounts of said capital stock paid

up and the form of payment thereof; the

dividends paid, the surplus, if any and the

number of stockholders, the consolidated and

pending obligations and the interest paid

thereon; the cost and value of the property ofthe operator; concessions or franchises and

equipment; the number of employees and

salaries paid to each class; the accidents to

passengers, employees, and other person, and

the causes thereof; the annual expenditures on

improvements; the manner of their investment

and nature of such improvements; the receipts

and profits in each of the branches of the

business and of whatever source; the operating

and other expenses; the balance of profits andlosses; and a complete statement of the annual

financial operations of the operator, including

an annual balance sheet. Such reports shall also

contain any information which the Commission

may require concerning freight and passenger

rates, or agreements, compromises or contracts

affecting the same. Said reports shall cover a

period of twelve months, ending on December

thirty-first of each year, and shall be sworn to

by the officer or functionary of the public

service authorized therefor. The Commission

shall also have power to require from time to

time special reports containing such

information as above provided for or on other

matters as the Commission may deem

necessary or advisable.

(i) To require every public service to file with

the Commission a statement in writing, verified

by the oaths of the owner or the president and

the secretary thereof, if a corporation, setting

forth the name, title of office or portion, and

post-office address, and the authority, power

and duties of every officer, member of the

board of directors, trustees executive

committee, superintendent, chief or head of

construction and operation thereof, in such

form as to disclose the source and origin of

each administrative act, rule, decision, order or

other action of the operator of such public

service; and, within ten days after any change is

made in the title of, or authority, powers or

duties appertaining to any such office or

position, or the person holding the same, filed

with the Commission a like statement, verified

in like manner, setting forth such change.

(j) To require any public service to comply with

the laws of the Philippines and with any

provincial resolution or municipal ordinance

relating thereto and to conform to the duties

imposed upon it thereby or by the provisions of

its own character, whether obtained under anygeneral or special law of the Philippines.

(k) To investigate any or all accidents that may

occur on the property of any public service or

directly or indirectly arising from or connected

with its maintenance or operation in the

Philippines; to require any public service to give

the Commission immediate and effective notice

of all any such accidents, and to make such

order or recommendation with respect theretoas the public interest may warrant or require.

(l) To require every public service s herein

defined to file within complete schedules of

every classification employed and of every

individual or joint rate, toll fare or charge made,


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charged or exacted by it for any product

supplied or service rendered within the

Philippines and, in the case of public carriers, to

file with it a statement showing the itineraries

or routes served as specified in such

requirement.


LTFRB EO 292

Sec. 20. Decisions of the Board; Appeals

therefrom or Review Thereof. The Board, in the

exercise of its powers and functions, shall sitand render its decision en banc. Every such

decision, order, or resolution of the Board must

bear the concurrence and signature of at least

two (2) members thereof.

The decision, order or resolution of the Board

shall be appealable to the Secretary within

thirty (30) days from receipt of the decision.

However, the Secretary may motu propio

review and decision or action of the Board

before the same becomes final.


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Marina PD 474

Section 12. Specific Powers and Functions of

the Administrator. In addition to his general

powers and functions, the Administrator shall;

a. Issue Certificate of Philippine Registry for all

vessels being used in Philippine waters,

including fishing vessels covered by Presidential

Decree No. 43 except transient civilian vessels

of foreign registry, vessels owned and/or

operated by the Armed Forces of the

Philippines or by foreign governments for

military purposes, and bancas, sailboats and

other watercraft which are not motorized, of

less than three gross tons;

b. Provide a system of assisting various officers,

professionals, technicians, skilled workers and

seamen to be gainfully employed in shipping

enterprises, priority being given to domestic

needs;

c. In collaboration and coordination with the

Department of Labor, to look into, and promote

improvements in the working conditions andterms of employment of the officers and crew

of vessels of Philippine registry, and of such

officers and crew members who are Philippine

citizens and employed by foreign flag vessels, as

well as of personnel of other shipping

enterprises, and to assist in the settlement of

disputes between the shipowners and ship

operators and such officers and crew members

and between the owner or manager of other

shipping enterprises and their personnel;

d. To require any public water transport utility

or Philippine flag vessels to provide shipping

services to any coastal areas in the country

where such services are necessary for the

development of the area, to meet emergency

sealift requirements, or when public interest so

requires;

e. Investigate by itself or with the assistance of

other appropriate government agencies or

officials, or experts from the private sector, anymatter within its jurisdiction, except marine

casualties or accidents which shall be

undertaken by the Philippine Coast Guard;

f. Impose, fix, collect and receive in accordance

with the schedules approved by the Board, from

any shipping enterprise or other persons

concerned, such fees and other charges for the

payment of its services;

g. Inspect, at least annually, the facilities of port

and cargo operators and recommend measures

for adherence to prescribed standards of safety,

quality and operations;

h. Approve the sale, lease or transfer of

management of vessels owned by Philippine

Nationals to foreign owned or controlled

enterprises;

i. Prescribe and enforce rules and regulationsfor the prevention of marine pollution in bays,

harbors and other navigable waters of the

Philippines, in coordination with the

government authorities concerned;

j. Establish and maintain, in coordination with

the appropriate government offices and

agencies, a system of regularly and promptly

producing, collating, analyzing and

disseminating traffic flows, port operations,

marine insurance services and other

information on maritime matters;

k. Recommend such measures as may be

necessary for the regulation of the importation

into and exportation from the Philippines of

vessels, their equipment and spare parts;


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l. Implement the rules and regulations issued by

the Board of Transportation; lawphi1.net

m. Compile and codify all maritime laws, orders,

rules and regulations, decisions in leasing cases

of courts and the Authority's procedures andother requirements relative to shipping and

other shipping enterprises, make them available

to the public, and, whenever practicable to

publish such materials;

n. Delegate his powers in writing to either of

the Deputy Administrators or any other ranking

officials of the Authority; Provided, That he

informs the Board of such delegation promptly;

and

o. Perform such other duties as the Board may

assign, and such acts as may be necessary and

proper to implement this Decree.


Marina RA 776



shall have the power to regulate the economicaspect of air transportation, and shall have the

general supervision and regulation of, and

jurisdiction and control over, air carriers as well

as their property, property rights, equipment,

facilities, and franchise, in so far as may be

necessary for the purpose of carrying out the

provisions of this Act.

(B) The Board may perform such acts, conduct

such investigations, issue and amend such

orders, and make and amend such general or

special rules, and regulations, and procedures

as it shall deem necessary to carry out the



powers and duties:



revise, alter, modify, cancel, suspend or revoke,in whole or in part, upon petition or complaint,








joint or special rates, charges or fares which anair carrier may demand, collect or receive for

any service in connection with air commerce.

The Board may adopt any original, amended, or





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joint or special rates, charges or fares are just

are reasonable shall be upon the air carrier

proposing the same.

In fixing rates, charges, or fares under the

provisions of this Act, the Board shall take into

consideration, among other factors:

(a) The effect of such rates upon the movement

of traffic;

(b) The need in the public interest of adequate

and efficient transportation of persons and

property by air carriers at the lowest cost

consistent with the furnishing of such service;

(c ) Such standards respecting the character

and quality of service to be rendered by air

carriers as may be prescribed by or pursuant to

law;

(d) The inherent advantages or transportation

by aircraft; and

(e) The need of each air carrier for revenue

sufficient to enable such air carrier, under

honest, economical, and efficient management,

to provide adequate and efficient air carrier

service.

(3) To authorize charters whether domestic or

international and special air services or flight

heretofore exercised by the Department of

Commerce and Industry under Commonwealth

Act Numbered Ninety-seven under such termsand conditions as in its judgment the public

interest requires.

(4) To approve or disapprove increase of

capital, sale of equipment of an air carrier

engaged in air commerce, consolidation,

merger, purchase, lease, operating contract or

acquisition and control between domestic air

carriers; or between domestic air carriers and

foreign air carriers; or between domestic air

carriers and any person engaged in any phase of

aeronautics.

(5) To inquire into the management of the

business of any air carrier and, to the extent

reasonably necessary for such inquiry, to obtain

from such carrier, and from any person

controlling, or controlled by, or under common

control with, such air carrier, full and complete

reports and other information. Such reports

shall be under oath whenever the Board so

requires.

(6) To require annual, monthly, periodical, and

special reports from any air carrier; to prescribe

the manner and form in which such reports

shall be made; and to require from any air

carrier specific answers to all questions upon

which the Board may deem information to be

necessary. Such reports shall be under oath

whenever the Board so requires. The Board may

also require any air carrier to file with it anycontract, agreement, understanding or

arrangement, or a true copy thereof between

such air carrier and any other carrier or person,

in relation to any traffic affected by the


(7) To prescribe the forms of any and all

accounts, records, and memoranda of the

movement of traffic, as well as of the receipt

and expenditures of money, and the length of

time such accounts, records and memoranda

shall be preserved: Provided, That any air

carrier may keep additional accounts, records

and memoranda if they do not impair the

integrity of the accounts, records, or

memoranda prescribed or approved by the


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Board and do not constitute an undue financial

burden on such air carrier.

(8) To require each officer and director of any

air carrier to transmit a report describing the

shares of stock or other interest held by such aircarrier with any persons engaged in any phase

of aeronautics, and the holding of the stock in,

and control of, other persons engaged in any

phase of aeronautics.

(D) The Board may investigate, upon complaint

or upon its own initiative, whether any

individual or air carrier, domestic or foreign, is

violating any provision of this Act, or the rules

and regulations issued thereunder, and shall

take such action, consistent with the provisions

of this Act, as may be necessary to prevent

further violation of such provision, or rules and

regulations so issued.

(E) The Board may issue subpoena or subpoena

duces tecum, require the attendance and

testimony of witnesses in any matter or inquiry

pending before the Board or its duly authorized

representative, and require the production of

books, papers, tariffs, contracts, agreements

and all other documents submitted for

purposes of this section to be under oath and

verified by the person in custody thereof as to

the truth and correctness of data appearing in

such books, papers, tariffs, contracts,

agreements and all other documents.

(F) The Board may review, revise, reverse,

modify, or affirm on appeal any administrative

decision or order of the Administrator on

matters pertaining to:

(1) Grounding of airmen and aircrafts; or

(2) Revocation of any certificate or the denial

by the Administrator of issuance of any

certificate; or

(3) Imposition of civil penalty or fine in

connection with the violation of any provisionof this Act or rules and regulations issued

thereunder.

(G) The Board shall have the power, either on

its own initiative or upon review on appeal from

an order or decision of the administrator, to

determine whether to impose, remit, mitigate,

increase, or compromise, such fines and civil

penalties, as the case may be.

(H) (1) The Civil Aeronautics Board shall be

advised of, and shall consult with the

Department of Foreign Affairs concerning the

negotiation of any air agreement with foreign

governments for the promotion, establishment,

or development of foreign air transportation.

(2) In exercising and performing its powers and

duties under the provisions of this Act, the Civil

Aeronautics Board shall take into consideration

the obligation assumed by the Republic of thePhilippines in any treaty, convention or

agreement with foreign countries on matters

affecting civil aviation.

Sec. 14. Delegation of authority to conduct

hearings. The Board may designate in writing

any of its members or any of its officer to

conduct hearings and investigations on any

matter pending before the Board and for that

purpose the person so designated shall haveauthority to administer oaths, issue subpoena

and subpoena duces tecum, require the

attendance and testimony of witnesses,

examine witnesses, make ocular inspection of

or enter into any airline establishment, building,


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place or premise in the performance of its

official business.

transportation law_collection of provisions vol 2

Documents