Transport Systems Chapters: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16.

Transport SystemsTransport Systems

Chapters: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 Chapters: 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16and 16

Learner OutcomesLearner Outcomes To compare the interactions among transport To compare the interactions among transport

systems. systems. To identify and describe the factors that alter the To identify and describe the factors that alter the

normal functions of transport systems.normal functions of transport systems. Identify how energy is processed and stored by the Identify how energy is processed and stored by the

digestive system.digestive system. Analyze the physical, chemical, and biological Analyze the physical, chemical, and biological

properties of transport systems.properties of transport systems. Analyze the effects of energy deficiencies in Analyze the effects of energy deficiencies in

malabsorption disorders.malabsorption disorders. Evaluate the cause and effect of aging, disease, and Evaluate the cause and effect of aging, disease, and

trauma on transport systems.trauma on transport systems. To identify the role of transport systems in the To identify the role of transport systems in the

carrying of materials and the process of waste carrying of materials and the process of waste disposal.disposal.

Concept MapConcept Map In the middle of your page write the word In the middle of your page write the word

Blood.Blood. Around that word, along the periphery of your Around that word, along the periphery of your

page, write the 11 organ systems of the page, write the 11 organ systems of the human body.human body.

Draw a line to connect each system to the Draw a line to connect each system to the blood. On each line write a way that blood blood. On each line write a way that blood connects to that system to help in the connects to that system to help in the maintenance of homeostasis in the human maintenance of homeostasis in the human body (although blood provides nutrients and body (although blood provides nutrients and gases and removes waste from each system, gases and removes waste from each system, try to think beyond this function.)try to think beyond this function.)

Cardiovascular Cardiovascular System: BloodSystem: Blood

Chapter 11Chapter 11

Please observe this slide of human blood. What general type of tissue is this classified as? What are the two components that make up this tissue? Name all of the cells that you can identify in this slide.

Blood is connective tissue that consists of two parts: plasma (liquid matrix) and the formed elements (cells and cell fragments). The plasma accounts for 55% of the total blood volume and the formed elements are about 45% of the blood. The total blood volume is about 4-5 L in females and

5-6 L in males.

Functions of the BloodFunctions of the Blood Transportation: O2, Transportation: O2,

CO2, nutrients, wastes, CO2, nutrients, wastes, hormones, precursors, hormones, precursors, and bacteria. and bacteria.

Maintenance: Maintenance: maintains homeostasis maintains homeostasis with hormones and with hormones and enzymes, maintains pH enzymes, maintains pH between 7.35 and 7.45, between 7.35 and 7.45, electrolyte balances, electrolyte balances, temperature temperature regulation, restoration regulation, restoration and repair (blood and repair (blood clots).clots).

Protection: Cells and Protection: Cells and chemical in the blood chemical in the blood are important factors are important factors of the immune of the immune system. Blood clotting system. Blood clotting prevents excessive prevents excessive fluid loss.fluid loss.

Blood Anatomy - PlasmaBlood Anatomy - Plasma

91% water and 9% 91% water and 9% proteins, ions, proteins, ions, nutrients, gases, and nutrients, gases, and waste products.waste products.

Plasma Proteins:Plasma Proteins:

1) Albumin makes up 1) Albumin makes up 58% of the plasma 58% of the plasma proteins and it is proteins and it is important in the important in the regulation of water regulation of water movement between movement between tissues and blood.tissues and blood.

2) Globulins account for 2) Globulins account for the other 38% of the the other 38% of the plasma proteins. Some plasma proteins. Some globulins functions as globulins functions as parts of the immune parts of the immune system and others system and others function as transport function as transport molecules. molecules.

3) Fibrinogen is 4% of the 3) Fibrinogen is 4% of the plasma proteins and is plasma proteins and is responsible for the responsible for the formation of blood clots.formation of blood clots.

Blood Anatomy – Formed Blood Anatomy – Formed ElementsElements

95% erythrocytes 95% erythrocytes or red blood cells.or red blood cells.

5% leukocytes or 5% leukocytes or white blood cells white blood cells and platelets and platelets (thrombocytes).(thrombocytes).

Leukocytes are Leukocytes are classified into two classified into two categories based categories based on the presence or on the presence or absence of absence of granules in the granules in the cytoplasm. cytoplasm.

GRANULOCYTESGRANULOCYTES and and AGRANULOCYTESAGRANULOCYTES

Hemopoesis or Hematopoesis is different in developing vs.

mature humans:•In the embryo and fetus tissues such as the yolk sac, liver, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow all contribute to blood formation. •In the adult, hemopoiesis is confined to the red bone marrow with some assistance from the lymphoid tissue.

All formed elements of the blood are derived from a single population of stem

cells called hemocytoblasts. The

differentiation of cells is regulated by a specific

growth factor.

Hemopoiesis and Erythropoiesis.

•You will be assigned to trace and describe the formation and differentiation of Red Blood Cells (erythropoiesis), thrombocytes, or Leukocytes.•As a group please diagram the life cycle of these cell types including the location of differentiation and what is happening at each stage to change the cell until it reaches maturity in the blood stream as either an erythrocyte, thrombocyte, or a leukocyte.•Please also summarize each of the functions of the mature cells.•Be prepared to report out on this information.

HemoglobinHemoglobin Consists of 4 protein Consists of 4 protein

chains and 4 heme chains and 4 heme groups.groups.

The protein is the The protein is the globin and is bound to globin and is bound to one heme, which is a one heme, which is a red-pigment red-pigment containing an atom of containing an atom of iron.iron.

The four globins in The four globins in normal adult normal adult hemoglobin consists hemoglobin consists of two alpha chains of two alpha chains and two beta chains.and two beta chains.

Abnormal hemoglobins Abnormal hemoglobins are less effective at are less effective at attracting oxygen than is attracting oxygen than is normal hemoglobin. normal hemoglobin. What disorder could this What disorder could this result in?result in?

Iron is needed for the Iron is needed for the normal function of normal function of hemoglobin due to the hemoglobin due to the fact that it is the binding fact that it is the binding site for oxygen. How site for oxygen. How does that relate to the does that relate to the symptoms of the symptoms of the disorder identified disorder identified above?above?

Hemoglobin Continued:Hemoglobin Continued: Iron absorption is Iron absorption is

regulated according regulated according to need, and iron to need, and iron deficiency can deficiency can result in anemia.result in anemia.

When hemoglobin is When hemoglobin is exposed to oxygen, exposed to oxygen, 1 molecule of 1 molecule of oxygen becomes oxygen becomes associated with associated with each heme group. each heme group.

Carbon dioxide is Carbon dioxide is also transported, also transported, but it attaches to but it attaches to the amino groups the amino groups of the globin of the globin molecule. molecule.

End of Day 1