Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 1 © THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved SMPTE 142th Technical Conference Transport Transport of of Professional Broadcast Services Professional Broadcast Services over over ATM Networks ATM Networks
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 1© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Transport Transport of of
Professional Broadcast ServicesProfessional Broadcast Servicesoverover
ATM NetworksATM Networks
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 2© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
ATM networking for Broadcast applications
Some basics
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 3© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
ATM and Broadcast applications
n Professional Broadcast services• Contribution - live or off-line
• Primary Distribution - live or off-line
n ATM based networks• general purpose
• to replace specialized leased lines
• terabit capacities being made available - transmission cost decrease
n Key issue• real-time live broadcast services
• network transparency for the application
• end-to-end performance
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 4© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
ATM Technology
n Four major features of ATM1 - based on well-established standards (ITU-T and ATM forum)
2 - designed to transport audio, data, and video
3 - works independent of bit-rate, independent of physical medium
4 - usable on both WAN’s and LAN’s - allow service continuity
n Widely available - deployment fast increasing
n Large flexibility• various applications
• various forms
• various classes of network services
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 5© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Network Architecture
PrivateUNI
PublicUNI
ATM HOST
PrivateATM Network
Private NNI
DATA
ROUTER
BICI orPublic NNI
PublicUNI
NA
PUBLICATM NETWORK
(PNNI or B-ISUP)
PUBLICATM NETWORK
(PNNI or B-ISUP)PRIVATE
ATM NETWORK
(PNNI)
NA
NNI
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 6© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Some basics of ATM networking (1)
n ATM backbone network• various topologies
• can be public or private
• standardized interfaces NNI, UNI
• Access to Network via gateways - Network Adaptors (NA)
• Wide range of Physical Layers
n ATM cells• short length 53 byte cells (5 + 48)
• transport over Virtual Paths and Virtual Channels
• switching by high speed dedicated hardware
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 7© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Layer Model
PHYSICAL LAYER PHYSICAL LAYER
ATM LAYER
PHYSICAL LAYER
ATM LAYER
AAL LAYER
USER SPEC
PHYSICAL LAYER PHYSICAL LAYER
ATM LAYER
PHYSICAL LAYER
ATM LAYER
AAL LAYER
USER SPEC
UNI
NA
NNI UNI
ATM SWITCH ATM SWITCH
NA
ATM NETWORK
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 8© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Some basics of ATM networking (2)
n ATM Adaptation Layer• AAL1 - time critical applications - constant source bit-rate
-cell pay-load: 47 bytes + 1 sequence number byte-sequence number: cell loss detection, maintenance of binary integrity
-Reed-Solomon FEC + large interleaving (128 cells)
• AAL5 - file transfer (non-real-time) - minimum processing-some other real time applications
n ATM Connections• point to point - single source to single destination
• point to multipoint
• unidirectional
• bi-directional - symmetric or asymmetric
• PVC or SVC
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 9© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
ATM Cell & Virtual ConnectionATM Cell & Virtual Connection
n ATM HEADER : 5 bytes-GFC: Generic Flow Control -VPI: Virtual Path Identifier-VCI: Virtual Channel Identifier-PTI: Payload Type Indicator-CLP: Cell Loss Priority -HEC: Header Error Control
ATM LINK
VPI #1VCI #1
VCI #4
VPI #NVCI #1
VCI# 3
GFC / VPI VPIVPI VCI
VCIVCI PTI CLP
HEC
Information Payload48 bytes
1 byte
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 10© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
ATM
Traffic Management
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 11© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
ATM Traffic Management
n Traffic Management tool-set• optimize use of network resources
• match QoS requirements with the application
• guarantee network and user achieve target performance
n Five Traffic Classes1 - CBR - high real-time constraints - fixed bandwidth - small jitter
2 - rt-VBR - jitter tolerant real-time traffic - bandwidth variations
3 - nrt-VBR - few timing constraints - sensitive to cell losses and errors
4 - ABR - bandwidth sharing - transport of IP data
5 - UBR - best effort - IP in LAN environment
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 12© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Traffic categories
nrt-VBR Non Real Time
VBR
CBRConstant Bit Rate
rt-VBR Real Time Variable Bit Rate
ABRAvailable Bit Rate
UBR
TIME
BANDWIDTH
Link bandwidth
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 13© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Traffic Contract
n Contract = standardized procedure between user and network
• established at connection set-up
• define-the network commitment - QoS (delay, jitter, error rate)-the user commitment - traffic profile (bandwidth, jitter, data burst size)
• for CBR-network: cell loss ratio, cell delay transfer, cell delay variation-user: peak cell rate, cell delay variation
• for nrt-VBR-network: cell loss ratio, mean cell transfer delay-user: sustainable cell rate, peak cell rate & jitter, max burst size
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 14© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Traffic Contract Parameters
PCR
MCR
SCR
MBS • CLR : Cell Loss Ratio• CTD : Cell Transfer Delay
• CDV : Cell Delay Variation• CDVT : Cell Delay Variation
Tolerance
• PCR : Peak Cell Rate• SCR : Sustainable Cell Rate
• MBS : Maximum Burst Size• MCR : Minimum Cell Rate
ParameterClass
Parameter CBR RT-VBR NRT-VBR ABR UBR
CLR defined defined defined defined
CTD & CDVCDV &
mean CTDCDV &
max CTDmean CTD
PCR & CDVT defined defined defined defined defined
SCR & MBS defined defined
MCR defined
QoS(network
committement)
Traffic(user
committement)
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 15© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Traffic Contract Negotiationn prior to any data transfer
-connection request processed and accepted by the network. SVC: direct user to network negotiation. PVC: indirect negotiation via the network manager
n handled by a CAC - Connection Admission Control protocol-check parameters of the connection request-compute a path across the network-if resources OK - set up the new connectionï reservation of bandwidth, cell queues, cell buffers, scheduling capacity
n activation of the UPC - Usage Parameter Control protocol-traffic monitoring at user access-detect parameter violations-apply a standardized traffic control policy
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 16© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Traffic shaping
n Function carried out by the Network Adaptor• mean for the user to respect his contract
• regulate traffic and optimize statistical multiplexing inside the network
n Require cell buffers and cell queues• delay sensitive real-time flows - small buffers
• non-delay sensitive flows - large buffers
• queuing strategy depends on traffic category
n Scheduler• extract cells from queues at each available time slot
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 17© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Cell buffering and scheduling
SCHDULER
SCHDULER
CBRqueue
VBRqueue
Best EffortQueue
Congestion threshold
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 18© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
ATM Network Adaptor Features
System Performance
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 19© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Network Adaptor for Broadcast ApplicationsInterface Content Applications
SDIUncompressedDigital Video
Broadcast Contribution or Distribution
Composite NTSC / PAL Analog Video Broadcast Contribution or Distribution
AES / EBUUncompressed Digital Audio
Broadcast Contribution or Distribution
Analog Audio Broadcast Contribution or Distribution
DVB-ASI or SPI Compressed Video + Audio
Broadcast Contribution or Distribution
SDTICompressed Video
+ AudioBroadcast Contribution or Distribution
Intercom Low quality voice On field communications
RS-232 / 422 Data VTR, camera remote control
Dry-loop Alarm reporting, "on-air" signaling…
G.703 (2, 8, 34, 45Mbit/s) Circuit emulation I/F DAB, support of legacy ETSI codec
T1 / E1Nx64kbit/s frames
circuit emulation I/FBroadcast Contribution or Distribution
Ethernet IP data IP LAN Interconnection
ATM Multiple services NA cascadingHigh performance IP LAN interconnection
PDH E3, DS-3, E4
SDH STM1, STM4
SONET OC-3, OC-12
Service
Interfaces
ATM Network
Interfaces
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 20© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Network Adaptor Interfaces
n AAL processing
n ATM multiplexing
n Traffic shaping
n ATM signaling - SVC application
n In-band management
n MPEG-2 Processing• High quality encoder and decoder
• one video + compressed or uncompressed audio channels
• Selectable parameters: bit-rate, end to end delay, audio mode,...
• MP@ML and 422P@ML
• Transport of VBI lines
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 21© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Traffic shaping
Global shaper Global shaper
No individual traffic shaper ñ No protection
Individual traffic shaper ñ Protection of each flow
S S S
Network Interface Network Interface
Tributary Interfaces
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 22© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Network Adaptor Performance
n Error correction• AAL1
-corrects up to 4 cell losses over 128, or 2 erroneous bytes each block of 128 bytes
-large interleavingñ error free service at network BER up to 10-6
equiv. to worse case BER over multiple international hops
n Timing accuracy• high frequency jitter easily removed
• low frequency wander critical-to meet PAL timing specsñ frequency accuracy +/- 0.2ppmñ frequency drift +/- 20ppb/sñ convergence time < 30s
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 23© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Transit delay
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 10 100
bit-rate (Mbit/s)
dela
y (m
s)
with FECwithout FEClow delay FEC
AAL1 processing
--
< 15ms above 25Mbit/s
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 24© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Transit delay
n Network delay• depends on distance and transmission medium
• typically 5 to 10 ms over a 1000 km network including 5 to 10 switches
n AAL processing delay• depends on bit-rate
• lower than 15 ms above 25 Mbit/s
n MPEG encoding / decoding delay (values for 60Hz video)
• normal delay 567 ms
• low delay 233 ms
• ultra-low delay 100 ms
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 25© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Coding performance
n SMPTE / EBU tests • recommend 50 Mbit/s with Intra-frame coding
ï maintain contribution quality over 6 encoding/decoding cascades and more
ï match post-production application requirements
n Tests based on Picture Quality Analysis• PQR @ 1.8 @ 50 Mbit/s Intra
• Use of complex GOP’s maintain performance at half bit-rate and lower
Indicative PQR Value
for the Application
PQR < 3 Contribution Quality3 < PQR < 5 Excellent Broadcast Quality
5 < PQR < 8 Average Broadcast Quality
PQR > 8 Poor Quality
PQR > 10 Unacceptable
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 26© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Coding performance - SMPTE / EBU tests
Source: EBU / SMPTE Task Force report
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 27© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Picture Quality Rating
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
8 15 21 28 34 40 45 50
Bit-rate (Mbit/s)
PQ
R ld-I
ld-IP
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
8 15 21 28 34 40 45 50
Bit-rate (Mbit/s)
PQ
Ruld-I
Low delay
Ultra low delay
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
8 15 21 28 34 40 45 50
Bit-rate (Mbit/s)
PQ
R
nd-I
nd-IP
nd-IBBP
Normal delay
“Mobile & Calendar” Sequence
4:2:2P@ML
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 28© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
PQR - Normal delay
8 15 21 2834
4045
50
nd-IB
BP nd
-I
0
3
6
9
12PQ
R
Bit-rate (Mbit/s)
9-126-93-60-3
“Mobile & Calendar” sequence
4:2:2P@ML
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 29© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Network Adaptor Equipment Overview
Example of deployment
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 30© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
A Network Adaptor for Professional Broadcast and other applications - ACM 4200
COMPACT CODECü Encoder & ü Decoder boards
TELECOM CONTROLLERü Unified management
ATM INTERFACEü Tributaryü Network
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 31© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
ATM Network Adaptor Layout - XNA 4600
1
2
3
4
Main POWER SUPPLY
Mandatory Redundant
POWER SUPPLY
Control & Command
Board
D C O N
T °
A L A R M
D C O N
T °
A L A R M
O
o u t p u t
i n p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
T I A S I T I A S I T O A S I T O A S I
T I O V O X T I O 4 E 1 T A E
O M M
T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N
T H O M S O NT H O M S O N
i n p u t
S U A C
i n p u t
o u t p u t
100/240V
50/60Hz 2.6A
100/240V
50/60Hz 2.6A
O
1
S U A C
T H O M S O N
o u t p u t
i n p u t
N I 1 5 5
XNA
T H O M S O N
XNA XNA XNA XNA XNA XNA XNA
T C & C
T H O M S O N
t e r m
l o c a l
r e m o t e
o u t p u t
T I A S I
T H O M S O N
i n p u t
XNA
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
T O A S I
T I O V O X T I O 4 E 1 T A E
O M M
T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N
i n p u t
o u t p u t
XNA XNA XNA XNA
T H O M S O N
Network Interface
Board
13 “Universal”
Slots for Tributary Boards
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 32© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
XNA 4600 - Interface Overview
XNA 4600XNA 4600
Compressed Audio, video, Data
SDTI
MPEG2 ASI/SPI interfaces
AES/EBU Digital Audio
E3 / DS3 / E4OC3-STM1
optical / electrical
ATMNETWORK
ATM TunnelingOC3/STM1 MMF
G703 2,8,34,45,140 Voice & Data
T1/E1
PABX
IP/Ethernet
INTERCOM
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 33© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
XNA 4600 - ATM ConnectionsPVC : Permanent Connections
n Requires configuration actions from 3 operators• Configuration of each XNA 4600• PVC set-up in the ATM network
ATMNETWORK
D C O N
T °
A L A R M
D C O N
T °
A L A R M
O
1
o u t p u t
i n p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
T I A S I T I A S I T O A S I T O A S I T I O V O X T I O 4 E 1 T A E
O M M
T C U
H U B
T C U
C A R D
T C U
S I O
T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O NT H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O NT H O M S O NT H O M S O N
i n p u t
S U A C
i n p u t
o u t p u t
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
100/240V
50/60Hz 2.6A
TCU100/240V
50/60Hz 2.6A
O
1
S U A C
T H O M S O N
o u t p u t
i n p u t
N I 1 5 5
XNAT H O M S O N
XNA XNA XNA XNA XNA XNA XNA
T C & C
T H O M S O N
t e r m
l o c a l
r e m o t e
o u t p u t
T I A S I
T H O M S O N
i n p u t
XNA
D C O N
T °
A L A R M
D C O N
T °
A L A R M
O
1
o u t p u t
i n p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
T I A S I T I A S I T O A S I T O A S I T I O V O X T I O 4 E 1 T A E
O M M
T C U
H U B
T C U
C A R D
T C U
S I O
T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O NT H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O NT H O M S O NT H O M S O N
i n p u t
S U A C
i n p u t
o u t p u t
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
100/240V
50/60Hz 2.6A
TCU100/240V
50/60Hz 2.6A
O
1
S U A C
T H O M S O N
o u t p u t
i n p u t
N I 1 5 5
XNAT H O M S O N
XNA XNA XNA XNA XNA XNA XNA
T C & C
T H O M S O N
t e r m
l o c a l
r e m o t e
o u t p u t
T I A S I
T H O M S O N
i n p u t
XNA
Encoder Decoder
TsNet
TsNetNetwork
ManagementCenter
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 34© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
XNA 4600 - ATM ConnectionsSVC : On-demand Connections
n Based on UNI 3.1 / UNI 4.0 signaling protocol• XNA 4600 = ATM host• Addressing scheme : public (E.164) or private (NSAP)
n Requires configuration actions from only 1 operator• A « dial-up » like Call activation in one of the XNA 4600• Provide on-demand connections without network operator action
ATMNETWORK
D C O N
T °
A L A R M
D C O N
T °
A L A R M
O
1
o u t p u t
i n p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
T I A S I T I A S I T O A S I T O A S I T I O V O X T I O 4 E 1 T A E
O M M
T C U
H U B
T C U
C A R D
T C U
S I O
T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O NT H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O NT H O M S O NT H O M S O N
i n p u t
S U A C
i n p u t
o u t p u t
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
100/240V
50/60Hz 2.6A
TCU100/240V
50/60Hz 2.6A
O
1
S U A C
T H O M S O N
o u t p u t
i n p u t
N I 1 5 5
XNAT H O M S O N
XNA XNA XNA XNA XNA XNA XNA
T C & C
T H O M S O N
t e r m
l o c a l
r e m o t e
o u t p u t
T I A S I
T H O M S O N
i n p u t
XNA
D C O N
T °
A L A R M
D C O N
T °
A L A R M
O
1
o u t p u t
i n p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
o u t p u t
T I A S I T I A S I T O A S I T O A S I T I O V O X T I O 4 E 1 T A E
O M M
T C U
H U B
T C U
C A R D
T C U
S I O
T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O NT H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O N T H O M S O NT H O M S O NT H O M S O N
i n p u t
S U A C
i n p u t
o u t p u t
1
2
3
4
1
2
3
4
100/240V
50/60Hz 2.6A
TCU100/240V
50/60Hz 2.6A
O
1
S U A C
T H O M S O N
o u t p u t
i n p u t
N I 1 5 5
XNAT H O M S O N
XNA XNA XNA XNA XNA XNA XNA
T C & C
T H O M S O N
t e r m
l o c a l
r e m o t e
o u t p u t
T I A S I
T H O M S O N
i n p u t
XNA
Encoder Decoder
TsNet
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 35© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Example of Generic Deployment
CentralManagement
ATMNetwork
LocalManagement
Distribution
Contribution
Network Adaptor
Terrestrial Transmitter
Terrestrial Transmitter
Cable Head-end
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 36© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Deployment
n Typical network configuration• some 10 ATM switches
• connecting each some 10 NA’s
ï some 100 NA’s spread over a region or a country
ï each handling . 1 to 10 broadcast audio and video . IP and circuit emulation interfaces
n Fast growing deployment• started with PVC’s for distribution applications
• followed by PVC’s for contribution application
• current trend is SVC’s for contribution application
• may be extended to all applications
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 37© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Conclusion (1)
n ATM network + appropriate NA’s• well suited for contribution and distribution applications
• secure connection oriented architecture
• excellent performance
• carry all type of traffic
n Based on widely adopted international standards• interoperability between network operators and equipment vendors
• flexible and scalable technology
• independent of the physical support
• future proof - match requirements of future higher bandwidth network
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 38© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Conclusion (2)
n Current trend to the general use of SVC’s• connection set up can be as simple as clicking on an icon
• detailed parameter selection possible for specific application
n Equipment and Transport services• meet broadcaster’s performance requirement
• available NOW
n More network interface formats• e.g. SMPTE FC/AV wrapper
• to be offered next
Jean CHATEL - October 19, 2000 - p. 39© THOMSON broadcast systems - All rights reserved
SMPTE 142th Technical Conference
Contact THOMSON Broadcast Inc.PO Box 526649 Smith StreetEnglewood, New Jersey 07631Phone (201) 569-1650Fax (201) 569-1511
http://www.thomsonbroad.com
e-mail: [email protected]
More information…
See us Booth # 317
Thank you for your attention