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PJM©2019 www.pjm.com | Public Transmission Planning Stability Study Overview Byoungkon Choi (BK) Transmission Planning Department December 11, 2019
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Transmission Planning Stability Study Overview

Nov 01, 2021

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Page 1: Transmission Planning Stability Study Overview

PJM©2019www.pjm.com | Public

Transmission Planning Stability Study Overview

Byoungkon Choi (BK)

Transmission Planning Department

December 11, 2019

Page 2: Transmission Planning Stability Study Overview

PJM©20192www.pjm.com | Public

Overview

• One element of transmission system reliability analysis in

regional transmission expansion planning (RTEP) process

– Power flow, Stability and short-circuit analyses

• Ensure bulk electric system (BES) stability in planning horizon.

• Comply with applicable NERC standards (e.g., TPL-001-4).

• Transmission Planning mainly focuses on existing generators

and BES stability.

Page 3: Transmission Planning Stability Study Overview

PJM©20193www.pjm.com | Public

NERC TPL Standards

• Establish Transmission system planning performance

requirements to BES.

• Stability performance planning events (TPL-001-4, Table 1)

– Single contingencies (P1, P2)

– Multiple contingencies: stuck breaker (P4), failure of non-

redundant relay (P5) and common structure (P7)

– N-1-1 contingencies (P3, P6): with the loss of single element

due to an N-1 contingency followed by system adjustments and

second N-1 contingency is applied.

Page 4: Transmission Planning Stability Study Overview

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Transmission Owners Stability Criteria

• PJM also incorporates Transmission Owners specific stability

criteria into stability analyses.

• Some Transmission Owners have more conservative criteria

than NERC and PJM criteria in terms of:

– Fault types for multiple contingencies

– Generation reactive power dispatch

– Transient voltage recovery performance

– Damping performance

Page 5: Transmission Planning Stability Study Overview

PJM©20195www.pjm.com | Public

Transmission Planning Stability Studies

• PJM annual system-wide stability study

– Conduct stability analysis for 1/3 of network each year.

– Evaluate summer light load and summer peak load conditions.

– Monitor transient (angle) stability, damping and transient voltage

recovery performances.

• Stability study for system changes on an as-needed basis

– Generating system changes (generator, excitation system, power

system stabilizer, etc.)

– Generator step-up transformer replacements

Page 6: Transmission Planning Stability Study Overview

PJM©20196www.pjm.com | Public

Coordination with PJM Operations

• Stability study for operational performance issues

– Conduct stability study for specific system outage conditions

upon PJM Operations request.

– Support PJM Operations to update/develop operating guides for

stability limited areas.

– Provide PJM Operations with potential stability issues identified

from Planning stability studies and conduct further necessary

studies upon Operations request.

Page 7: Transmission Planning Stability Study Overview

PJM©2019www.pjm.com | Public

Interconnection Analysis Stability Study Overview

Brinda Malladi

Interconnection Analysis

December 11, 2019

Page 8: Transmission Planning Stability Study Overview

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Interconnection Queue Cycle

• Enter PJM New Services Queue

• Two queue windows per calendar year

– April 1st – September 30th

– October 1st – March 31st

• Feasibility Study and System Impact Study identify required

transmission enhancements

• ISA or WMPA execution

Page 9: Transmission Planning Stability Study Overview

PJM©20199www.pjm.com | Public

Overview

• One element of Interconnection Analysis (IA) study process

- Power flow, Stability and short-circuit analyses

• IA stability study ensures stability for new Interconnection projects

and system-wide stability and identify the need for upgrades,

operating guides or Remedial Action schemes (RAS)

• Stability studies are performed for all the queue projects greater than

or equal to 20 MW or for generators connecting to areas with known

stability concerns

• Comply with applicable NERC standards (e.g., TPL-001-4) and TO

stability criteria (FERC 715 Filing)

Page 10: Transmission Planning Stability Study Overview

PJM©201910www.pjm.com | Public

Interconnection Analysis Stability study

• Studies performed on Summer Peak and Summer Light load

cases

• Fault scenarios included depend on queue project location

• Monitor angle stability, damping and transient voltage recovery

performances

• Low Voltage Ride Through tests performed for Inverter based

projects

• Reactive Power Requirement Assessment is performed for all

new generators

Page 11: Transmission Planning Stability Study Overview

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N-1-1 and SPS Scenarios

• N-1-1 and SPS scenarios listed in Manual 3 operating guides

and N-1-1 scenarios as per TO criteria are considered

• Least cost remedy to N-1-1 outage violations for new generators

under study is to allow them to curtail during the event

• Interconnection customers are required to reinforce the system if

curtailment is not an option

• PJM operations staff are notified of any changes required to

operating guides or any generator curtailments prior to

commercial operation of a generator

Page 12: Transmission Planning Stability Study Overview

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Prior to Commercial Operation

• IA performs tests on “As built” data submitted by the generator and

sends the model along with any required mitigations to PJM

Operations

• PJM planning ensures the necessary system upgrades identified in

the ISA or WMPA are constructed prior to the commercial operation of

the generator, or a mitigation plan is in place

• PJM planning notifies PJM Operations of a generator’s plan to initially

synchronize to system and begin initial operations (testing) typically a

week prior to the generator synchronizing