TRANSLATING RESEARCH OUTPUT INTO THE GROWER'S REALITY : Tobacco Training And Extension For Smallholder Growers In Zimbabwe Susan Dimbi & Goodson Khuddu TOBACCO RESEARCH BOARD KUTSAGA 2016_APW04_Dimbi.pdf Congress2016 - Document not peer-reviewed by CORESTA
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TRANSLATING RESEARCH OUTPUT INTO THE
GROWER'S REALITY : Tobacco Training And Extension For Smallholder Growers In Zimbabwe
Susan Dimbi & Goodson Khuddu TOBACCO RESEARCH BOARD
KUTSAGA
2016
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OUTLINE
• Introduction
• Training and extension then - pre-2000
• Of change being inevitable : 2001-2010
• Back to Basics: The decade 2001-2010
• Training and Extension Now…
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The Tobacco Research Board’s Mandate
“To direct, control and
carry out tobacco research
within Zimbabwe …
… offer advice & assistance
to any person growing
tobacco….”
Done since TRB inception in 1950
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TRB’S TRAINING & EXTENSION MODEL
Scientists take out and discuss research results
directly with the growers
Now
Then
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TRAINING & EXTENSION METHODS
• Researchers ensure
recommendations are
implemented as intended.
• Growers given the
opportunity to input directly
into TRB’s research program
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TRAINNING & EXTENSION : PRE 2001
• Field days
• Field demonstration
trials
• TRB Circus Meetings
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KUTSAGA FIELD DAYS
Andrew Brooker Dr Bill Ryding
Dr. Ken Flower Anne Jack
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KUTSAGA FIELD DAYS
Andrew Brooker Dr Bill Ryding
Dr. Ken Flower Anne Jack
• Hosted on-station by Kutsaga or
• Hosted by a growers with good crops
• Tobacco growers invited for field discussions
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FIELD DEMONSTRATION TRIALS FIELD DEMONSTRATION TRIALS
at Warwick Farm at Wildene Farm
Anne Jack (TRB) & Phil Goldhawk (ZFC)
Mike Dawes & Dr. Ken Flower (TRB)
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FIELD DEMONSTRATION TRIALS FIELD DEMONSTRATION TRIALS
at Warwick Farm at Wildene Farm
Anne Jack (TRB) & Phil Goldhawk (ZFC)
Mike Dawes & Dr. Ken Flower (TRB)
• Field trials set up on farm
• Growers given access
throughout the season
• Periodically, discussions - growers and TRB researchers held at sites
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TOBACCO RESEARCH BOARD – CIRCUS MEETINGS
Circus : a travelling company of
acrobats/clowns…give performances ,
typically in a large tent in a series of
different places.
TRB Circus : a travelling group of researchers
…give tobacco talks, in country clubs at a series of venues.
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TOBACCO RESEARCH BOARD – CIRCUS MEETINGS
Circus : a travelling company of
acrobats/clowns…give performances ,
typically in a large tent in a series of
different places.
TRB Circus : a travelling group of researchers
…give tobacco talks, in country clubs at a series of venues.
Day 2
Day 3
Day 1
Les Cousins – Tobacco Reporter
1999
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CIRCUS MEETINGS & FIELD DAY TOPICS
1. Latest developments in research eg.
• New fertilizers, Irrigation systems
• New varieties, Agrochemicals
• Disease management strategies
2. GAP & Timing of operations etc etc….
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How successful were these
methods?
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• Methods adequate and effective,
• Until 1996 - < 3 000 tobacco growers in
Zimbabwe - # rose to ~7 000 (1999)
• Predominantly large scale,
• Seasoned
• All could directly interact with a TRB researcher
through the available channels
No. Of flue-cured tobacco growers 1980-2000
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No. Of flue-cured tobacco growers 1980-2000
0
3000
6000
9000
19
80
19
81
19
82
19
83
19
84
19
85
19
86
19
87
19
88
19
89
19
90
19
91
19
92
19
93
1994
19
95
19
96
19
97
19
98
19
99
1547 1257 1186
1426 1486 1493
2604 2338
2921
5101
8334
7194
No
. O
f re
gis
tere
d g
row
ers
Year
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and then there was change.....
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No. Of Growers 1990-1995 vs 2005 - 2015
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
1493 2604 2338
2525
31761 26412 29018
51685 60047
78756
86975
75538
No
. O
f re
gis
tere
d g
row
ers
1990 - 1995 2005 - 2015
Year 2001
Land
redistribution
12 fold
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RESEARCHERS & GROWERS – THE NUMBERS
35
39 37
45 42
49
42
34
23
29
36
32
37
42 41
37
47 49
43 45 52
189
755 643
1397
1349
2129
1851
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
0
10
20
30
40
50
60 Number of Researchers
Grower:Researcher ratio
Nu
mb
er
of
Re
sea
rch
ers
Re
sea
rch
er
: G
row
er
ratio
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TRB RELEVANCE – WAS THIS IT?
• End of the ‘business as
usual’ approach to
training & extension.
• Innovate - Develop
strategies to enable
more coverage with
reduced staff
• Maintain quality of training & the direct grower-
researcher interaction
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• In 2007 - An additional new form of training and extension tool introduced (~26 000 growers at the time)