Transitions in Natural Gas Systems, including Transportation · Transitions in Natural Gas Systems, including Transportation FAPESP-NERC Workshop on Sustainable Gas Future Celso Morooka

Transitions in Natural Gas Systems,

including Transportation

FAPESP-NERC Workshop on Sustainable Gas Future

Celso Morooka

Faculty of Mechanical Eng. & Center for Petroleum Studies

(FEM & Cepetro)

University of Campinas - UNICAMP

Offshore Petroleum Systems

FAPESP February 25th 2015

Chain of the Petroleum Industry

Petroleum Field

Exploitation

Oil and Gas

Offshore Processing

Relief Shuttle Tanker

and Transport

Refining

Petroleum Product

Distribution and

Petrochemistry

Source: Petrobras

PRE-SALT

2000 m

3000 m

CARBONATE

Santos Basin

- DISTANCES -

Source: Petrobras

LULA Field

Area

Technological Challenges - TODAY

Source: Petrobras

Deepwater Offshore Petroleum SystemsUnderwater Problems

P-36P-47

Sea Surface

Wellbore

Sea Bottom

Petroleum Reservoir

Subsea Equipment

Offloading System

Riser and Pipelines

BOP

Drill Vessel

TandemSide-By-Side (SBS)

Subsea Pipelines

Moving BOP by the Drillship

Pipeline with Free Span

Floaters

Rigid

Riser

Stress Joint

Current

Flexible

Jumper

Free Hanging

Catenary Riser

Rigid Riser Free Hanging

Vertical Riser

Subsurface

Buoy

Wellhead

WaveLNG

Carrier

LNG Transfer

Cryogenic Hose

SLWR

Riser Tower

LNG Transfer

RESEARCH TOPICS

- Riser and pipeline hydrodynamics (current

and waves);

- Riser system and subsea pipeline & floating

system motion behavior and design (SCR,

SLWR, Tower, and so on);

- Drilling riser and drillship behavior in waves

and current.

Riser System Dynamic Behavior

Flow

Riser Pipe

Bubble Annular

SlugChurn

Influence of the Riser Internal Flow

2800 m

FPU

Sea

bottom

Current

Wave

SCR - Steel

Catenary Riser

19°

Riser - Sea bed

Interaction

Flow

Current

Wave

Z

X

YTensioner

BOP

Riser

Offset

x

Riser

In-line

Tra

ns

vers

e

VIV

Well

Vertical Riser Dynamic Behavior

FlowIn-line

Cro

ss-f

low

Pipelinez

y Vr

FlowIn-line

Cro

ss-f

low

Pipelinez

y Vr

Dynamic Behavior of

Subsea Pipelines with Free Span

Numerical Simulation Tools and Visualization

RISERPROD

Dynamic behavior in currents and

waves, and motions of the floating

unit

VIV due to currents and waves

Frequency Domain & Time Domain

APPROACH

Local Curvature

of the Riser

Current (U)

Riser-Soil Touch

Down Dynamics

U

Un

Ua

VIV

Catenary Shaped Riser

FPSO

Platform Motions & Riser DynamicsNumerical Methods and Experiment

Drill Bit

BOP

Drilling

Riser

Wellhead

BOP

Motions

Subsea BOP Re-entry and Suspended BOP Moving

by Drillship

Experiment with Horizontal Pipe

Experiment conducted at the Towing Tank (IPT)

Length - 260m Width - 6,6m Depth - 4m

Experimental Assembly

Universal

Joint

Backlash Accelerometer

Electrical

Cables

Strain

Gauges

Rail

Flexible Tube

Carriage wheelsCarriage

Side Wall of the

Water Tank

“End Plate”

Model Set Up

Aluminum

Pipe

End

Plate

CATENARY Riser Shape Experiment

Experiment Assembly

Auxiliarly Carriage

3,60 m

3,30 m

Main Carriage

Ls= 5,20 m

RubberSilicon

D=8 mm≈ 20°

Z

XY

CurrentAccelerometer

A

B

C

D

Forced Oscillation

Load Cell

Fixed

Rail

Bottom of the Water Tank

TDP

Fonte: Morooka et al. (2009)

CatVIV

0 10 20 30 401

2

1

2

1

2

1

2

Tempo (s)

Fre

qu

ên

cia

(H

z)

1

2STFT da aceleração transversal (Teste Re = 560)

TTopo

yA

::

yB

:

yC

:

yD

A

B

C

D

AY

,B/D

1,0

-1,0-0,2

0

0,20An,B/D

AY

,A/D

1,0

-1,0-0,2

0

0,20An,A/D

AY

,C/D

1,0

-1,0-0,2

0

0,20An,C/D

AY

,D/D

1,0

-1,0-0,2

0

0,20An,D/D

1,0

-1,0-0,2

0

0,20

1,0

-1,0-0,2

0

0,20

1,0

-1,0-0,2

0

0,20

1,0

-1,0-0,2

0

0,20

1,0

-1,0-0,2

0

0,20

1,0

-1,0-0,2

0

0,20

1,0

-1,0-0,2

0

0,20

1,0

-1,0-0,2

0

0,20

An,A/D An,A/D

An,B/D An,B/D

An,C/D An,C/D

An,D/D An,D/D

3s < t < 5s 17s < t < 21s 35s < t < 38s

CATENARY Riser Shape

Experiment

Currents

Waves

Platform Motion

Sea Bed

Wa

ter

De

pth

Internal Flow

Catenary

Riser

Well Head

RISERWHIPInternal Flow Momentum and

Catenary Risers Whipping

Optical

Measurement

Internal Flow Momentum and Catenary Risers Whipping

Experiment in Air

Two-phase Mixer

Experiment in Water

Minitank

Water input

Air input

Horizontal

Extension

2 m

Riser

Catenary

Internal Flow Momentum and Catenary Risers Whipping

• Ultra deepwater drilling

operations

longer period of continuous

operation for a subsea

equipment installation

• Critical loads on drilling riser

ABB Vetco

Gray

TOP DRIVE

RISER

TENSIONER

MOON

POOL

BOP

Drill Ship

Moving a Drillship with the BOP Suspended

by the Drilling Riser System

OPERATIONAL MAPS – BOP Suspended

Contour Lines

σvm /σy

Zero Crossing Period [s]

WAVE

Zero Crossing Period [s]

HEAVE

Wav

e Si

gnif

ican

t H

eigh

t [m

]

Hea

ve S

ign

ific

ant

Do

ub

le

Am

plit

ud

e [m

]

Allowable operational conditions

for different riser lengths

Allowable operational condition

2000 m riser length

Zero Crossing Period [s]

WAVE

Zero Crossing Period [s]

HEAVE

Hose Length (L) = 135 m

Span (S) = 100 m

Inner Pressure (Pw) = 8 Bar

Inner Flow Velocity (VF) = 0 m/s

Hose + LNG mass = 49 kg/m

Z

A = 1.0 m

BA

• T = 4.5 sec (f = 0.22 Hz)

• T = 8.5 sec (f = 0.12 Hz)

• T = 12.5 sec (f = 0.08 Hz)

Study Cases:

Focus on the region of contact of the hose at sea surface

Cryogenic Transfer Hose Dynamic Behavior

for LNG

Petroleum Geology and Reservoir Eng.• Reservoir Characterization

• Geophysics and Seismic Analysis

• Fluid Flow in Porous Media

• Reservoir Simulation

• Well Test and Oil Recovery Methods

Offshore Systems and Engineering

• Offshore Drilling and Completion

• Floating Production Systems

• Subsea Systems

• Risers

Oil & Gas Field Development• Project Development

• Petroleum Economics

• Management of Petroleum Resources

Oil and Gas Production • Multiphase Flow in Pipes

• Artificial Lift

• Artificial Intelligence Applications

TOPICS of THE GRADUATE PROGRAM

PETROLEUM SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

UNICAMP

Well Engineering and Completion• Well Control

• Rheology

• Completion Methods

Research Group

LabRiserOffshore Petroleum Systems

and Risers

Catenary Riser

Oscillator

Deep Water Tank

- Current -

Celso Morooka

Sergio Bordalo

Renato Pavanello

Thank you !

Petrobras

Inovation – FUTURE VIEW

Petroleum Sciences and EngineeringGraduate Program

2800 m

FPU

Sea

bottom

Current

Wave

SCR - Steel

Catenary Riser

19°

– Doctoral, master and undergraduate projects

– Industry and agency funded projects

• Wellbore Engineering

• Production Engineering

• Reservoir Engineering

• Offshore Petroleum Systems

• Geological and Geophysical Modeling

• Fluid Properties

• Rock Properties

• Stimulation

• Flow in porous media

• Multiphase flow

Computer and Experimental Labs

FEM

• Main Lab (DEP)

• LabRiser – Offshore Petroleum Systems and Risers (DEP)

• UNISIM – Reservoir Simulation (DEP)

• LAGE – Geoeconomical Analysis of Mineral Resources (IG)

• LIG – Geological Information (IG)

• LGC – Computational Geophysics (IMECC)

Computer

Experimental (DEP)

Petroleum Sciences and EngineeringGraduate Program

LAB PETRO

Kelsen Valente Serra

multidisciplinary projects in Oil and Gas

Heavy Oils Production

Petroleum Sciences and Engineering

INFRASTRUCTUREComputer and Experimental Labs

CEPETRO

Seismic Processing, Reservoir Simulation

Geological Modeling of Reservoirs

Oil Recovery ProcessCEPETRO Bldg., 2010