Transiting Extra-Solar Planets

T. Mazeh: Tsvi Piran Celebration, Dec. 2009, Jerusalem

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Tsevi Mazeh

Dec 2009

School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University

Tsvi Celebration


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•Giant planets far away

•Circular orbits

•Planetary orbits aligned with the Solar spin

In the solar system:


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Relative Inclination


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Core accretion paradigm


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Extra-solar planets:

Jupiter

Neptune

Earth


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Planets discovered by RV

Mass distribution


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Planets discovered by RVClose-in giant

planets•Giant planets far away

•Circular orbits

•Orbits aligned with Solar spin


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HD80606(Naef et al. 2001)e=0.93P=112 daysmsini=4MJup


•Circular orbits



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Transits

The inclination (i) must be very close to 90°P

R R

atransitp


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HD 209458Mazeh et al., 2000

daysP

MiSinM

orbit 524.3

68.0)(

JupPlanet


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HD 209458

Phase consistent with the radial velocities

Charbonneau, Brown, Latham & Mayor 2000

Henry, Marcy, Butler & Vogt 2000

Depth: ~1.5%

Duration: ~2.5 hours


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HD209458Brown, Charbonneau, Gilliland, Noyes & Burrows, 2001,

1.07.86

06.035.1

i

RR JupPlanet

3cm g 35.0

HST photometry


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A French CNES mission with European partners & Brazil

[+ S. Aigrain, T. Mazeh, A. Shporer] 27cm telescope with polar orbit Joint stellar seismology & exoplanets transits mission Launched on 12 / 27 / 2006

5 fields of 4 square degrees observed, including two for ~150 days at ~mid-term of the mission.

~30,000 dwarf stars observed between 11 < Vmag < 16 Photometric data is gathered in a « mask » of pixels

The CoRoT Satellite


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Aquila eye Monoceros eye


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First detected by alarm mode 153 transits,

all ~ seen when superimposed

Short period : P= 0.8536 days

>> transit depth : F/F = 0.035%=350 ppm compatible with Rpl = 1.8R

CoRoT-7b: first super –earth transiting planet

earthMM 5

d=150pc


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Charbonneau et al Dec. 17th, 2009

GJ1214b, 13pc


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Charbonneau et al Dec. 17th, 2009

GJ1214b, 13pc

Snellen et al. Nature 459, 543-545 (2009)

Optical phase variation for CoRoT-1b centred on the planetary eclipse.Secondary eclipse and phase variation

~100 ppm

CoRoT-1b

Cold and dark side

Inefficient distribution of absorbed heat


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Afonso et al. 2009

~60 ppm

CoRoT-2b

Secondary eclipse


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Kepler

HAT-P-7:

Secondary eclipse and phase variation

Borucki et al. 2009


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Orbit of planet

Spin-orbit relative inclination

Stellar Spin-Planetary orbit relative inclination


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Orbit of planet

Transiting planets



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Orbit of planet

Transiting planets



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Orbit of planet




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Orbit of planet




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The Rossiter-McLaughlin effect

Gaudi & Winn 2007:

rotationplanet VR

rV *,

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**


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Ohta et al. 2005

The observer is at the y axis

The stellar rotational axis is at the y-z plane


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Ohta et al. 2005


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Fabrycky & Winn 2009

Submitted Dec. 2008


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CoRoT first planet

1.51

0.99 0.09

1.47 0.06

p Jup

p Jup

P d

M M

R R

Barge, Baglin, ….

Mazeh, …. Shporer …..


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CoRoT-1b


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Gillon et al. 2009

~30 ppm


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CoRoT-1b The R-M effect


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Winn et al. 2009

HAT-P-7:

deg4.95.182


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e=0


•Circular orbits



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Migration

Migration does NOT explain

Highly eccentric orbits

&

Spin-orbit MISalignment


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Migration does NOT explain

Highly eccentric orbits

&

Spin-orbit MISalignment

Planet-planet interactione.g., Juric & Tremaine 2008

Tidal circularization

Tidal alignment

Stars around the center of our galaxy

Oort cloud


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Mazeh, Zucker, Pont 2005:

See also Gaudi, Seager and Mallen-Ornelas 2005


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1 PM


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2

2

* a

RL p

p

pp R

ME

2

1*

pE

TL

Evaporation:

Stellar radiation on the planet

Potential energy of the planet


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2

2

* a

RL p

p

pp R

ME

2

1*

pE

TL

TMa

R

p

p

122

3

pMTa

2

1

pMP 3/4


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• Field: LRa01 anti-center direction - 135 days long

• The star: LRa01_E2_165– mV = 11.7

• The mask on CoRoT CCD:

• 3 colors

• Sampling: 32s

CoRoT-7 and the data taking

Transiting Extra-Solar Planets

Documents

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