Transit Performance Measurement in Michigan Sharon Edgar, Administrator Office of Passenger Transportation Michigan Department of Transportation Mid-America Association of State Transportation Officials July 2011
Transit Performance
Measurement in Michigan
Sharon Edgar, Administrator
Office of Passenger Transportation
Michigan Department of Transportation
Mid-America Association of State Transportation Officials July 2011
Overview of Presentation
• Performance Management at MDOT
• Joint MDOT/Transit Industry Efforts
–System-wide Measures
–Economic Benefits
–Peer Analysis
MDOT System Performance Measures
• Transportation system condition - website report • Moves beyond earlier bridge and pavement condition goals to
include:– All modes and connections between modes– Condition of all infrastructure– Operating effectiveness (safety, mobility, accessibility)
• Support the four major goal areas of the 2005 State Long Range Transportation Plan – Stewardship– Safety and Security– System Improvement – Efficient and Effective Operations
• Makes use of existing data
http://www.michigan.gov/mdotperformance
Stewardship
1. Improve and sustain 95% of all freeway bridges in good or fair condition
2. Sustain 85% of all non-freeway bridges on the trunkline system in good or fair condition
3. Reduce crash severity on the state trunklines4. Reduce number trunkline bridges that are
structurally deficient5. Improve or sustain 90% of trunkline pavements in
fair or better condition Sufficiency International Roughness Index Remaining Service Life
6. Increase percentage of trunkline railroad crossings rated in fair/better condition
7. Maintain 100% of all tier 1 airport primary runway pavements in good condition
8. Minimize portion of the rural/ specialized transit fleet operating past useful life
9. Preserve level of passenger transportation services – Local bus transit– Passenger rail– Intercity bus
10. Maintain 90% of all trunkline carpool parking lot pavements in good/fair condition
System Improvement
1. Acceptable Level of Service Freeway route miles Arterial route miles
2. Reduce Delays: Minimize disruption to mobility resulting from incidents
3. Expand transportation system (airport) access4. Assure Tier 1 Airports meet facility goals5. Expand MichiVan (state vanpool) access6. Passenger terminals serving 2 or more modes
Safety and Security
1. Reduce crash severity All roadways – statewide State trunklines Local roadways
2. Ensure safety projects provide maximum return for funding dollars
3. Maintain close correlation between safety-funded trunkline projects and state Strategic Highway Safety plan
4. Enhance and increase protective measures and implement effective border continuity
Efficient and Effective Operations
1. Reduce Delays: Minimize disruption to mobility resulting from incidents
MDOT Transportation System Condition Report
Local Bus Transit Levels of Service Indicators
0
20,000,000
40,000,000
60,000,000
80,000,000
100,000,000
120,000,000
Passenger Trips Total 84,448,434 92,436,471 93,564,256 100,441,214 101,217,334 97,526,236
Elderly and Disabled Passenger Trips (as
subset of Total)
17,386,148 17,934,910 12,620,092 11,814,048 13,287,532 12,909,367
Hours of Service 5,918,955 5,959,768 6,216,063 6,421,073 6,397,976 6,174,203
Miles of Service 88,837,852 92,951,025 94,128,601 101,037,008 99,503,940 95,554,816
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Michigan Dashboard
MDOT Transportation System Condition Report
Local Bus Transit Levels of Service Indicators
0
20,000,000
40,000,000
60,000,000
80,000,000
100,000,000
120,000,000
Passenger Trips Total 84,448,434 92,436,471 93,564,256 100,441,214 101,217,334 97,526,236
Elderly and Disabled Passenger Trips (as
subset of Total)
17,386,148 17,934,910 12,620,092 11,814,048 13,287,532 12,909,367
Hours of Service 5,918,955 5,959,768 6,216,063 6,421,073 6,397,976 6,174,203
Miles of Service 88,837,852 92,951,025 94,128,601 101,037,008 99,503,940 95,554,816
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
One Year Change
Five Year Trend
Transit System AIMS and Measures
• MDOT website is for the system as a whole
• In 2010, MDOT with the transit industry went a step further
• Developed a complete set of measures for the transit system as a whole
• Over 20 measures
• In 2011, will develop and implement data collection methods
• Establish collection methods
• Refine measures http://www.michigan.gov/documents/mdot/SystemsConditionMeasurementsFinalReport_321891_7.pdf
Examples of Draft Transit System-wide AIMS
• Preserve existing level of local transit, including specialized service
• Green the fleet (i.e., green vehicles)• Participate in green operational
initiatives• Promote green initiatives in facilities
construction and renovation• Ensure the State's financial
investment in public transportation is used in the most efficient way possible
• Maintain condition (age) of fleet• Ensure a well-maintained fleet to
reduce accidents from mechanical failure
• Utilize asset management• Maintain condition of facilities• Reduce the incidence of crime on
transit property• Minimize number of collisions• Well trained staff• Participate in emergency plans
• Implement ITS/Technology projects to improve efficiency, reliability, and customer satisfaction
• Increase use of mobility management• Examine and structure services to
provide maximum mobility relative to changing demographics and trip generator locations
• Assess customer satisfaction• Increase coordination of
transportation options• Modernize bus stops and shelters to
meet ADA requirements• Provide efficient and effective public
transportation services through a range of agency determined performance measures
• Maximize the benefit/cost of public transit
• Encourage/seek private investment
Examples of Draft Transit System-wide Aims
• Preserve existing level of local transit, including specialized service
• Green the fleet (i.e., green vehicles)• Participate in green operational
initiatives• Promote green initiatives in facilities
construction and renovation• Ensure the State's financial
investment in public transportation is used in the most efficient way possible
• Maintain condition (age) of fleet• Ensure a well-maintained fleet to
reduce accidents from mechanical failure
• Utilize asset management• Maintain condition of facilities• Reduce the incidence of crime on
transit property• Minimize number of collisions• Well trained staff• Participate in emergency plans
• Implement ITS/Technology projects to improve efficiency, reliability, and customer satisfaction
• Increase use of mobility management• Examine and structure services to
provide maximum mobility relative to changing demographics and trip generator locations
• Assess customer satisfaction• Increase coordination of
transportation options• Modernize bus stops and shelters to
meet ADA requirements• Provide efficient and effective public
transportation services through a range of agency determined performance measures
• Maximize the benefit/cost of public transit
• Encourage/seek private investment
July 21, 2011
Economic and
Community Benefits
of Local Bus Transit
Why a Michigan Specific Model?
• Michigan DOT needed a tool to:
– Demonstrate that public transit can be beneficial to society as a whole, not just riders
– Assess the benefits of public transit in the state
• Tool can also be used by regional government organizations and local transit agencies
• Wanted to focus on operating investment
• Part of a two-year study conducted by HDR, Inc.
While each dollar spent on public transit results in a dollar’s worth of service being
delivered to consumers of that service, there are additional benefits that extend
beyond the service being delivered.
How Public Transit Benefits Everyone
Investment in
public transit
Reduced non-transportation
social service costs
(unemployment, health, etc.)
Reduced household
expenditures on
transportation
Less congestion
on the roads
Reduced travel time,
accidents &
emissions
Jobs in public transit
& other industries
(e.g., suppliers)
Riders get to
their destinations
(work, doctor, etc.)
Portion of savings re-
directed to local
economy (housing,
healthcare, etc.)
Model Overview
Guiding Principles (5A’s)
• Account for all effects (positive and negative) of public transit
• Avoid double-counting (benefits should not be estimated more than once)
• Assess the net benefits (presence vs. absence of public transit)
• Attach monetary values to all benefits
• Acknowledge the uncertainty surrounding model assumptions (assessment conducted in a risk analysis framework)
Key Model Features
• Scalable
• User-friendly
• Relies on operating and financial data from Public Transportation Management System (PTMS)
• Other model inputs are available from the public domain
• Risk analysis capability (requires @RISK software)
Overview of Public Transit Benefits
Public
transportation
benefits
Transportation
cost savings
Low-cost mobility
benefits
Economic
development
benefits
Commercial
development
benefits
Residential
development
benefits
Cross-sector
benefits
Economic value of
public
transportation
Accident cost
savings
Travel time
savings
Environmental
emissions cost
savings
Riders’ out-of-
pocket cost
savings
Model Overview
IMPLAN
(Economic
Multipliers)
PTMS Other Data
Low-Cost Mobility
Benefits
Transportation
Cost Savings
Change in Trips/
VMT Due to the
Presence of
Transit
Economic Impacts
(Output, Jobs, Tax
Revenue, etc.)
Passenger
Survey
Public Transportation Management System
(PTMS)
• Online database maintained by MDOT
• Provides quantitative and qualitative data on financial and operational characteristics of transit agencies in Michigan – entered by transit agencies
• Transit benefit model uses PTMS data on:– Operating and maintenance expenses
– Population (of service area)
– Passengers
– Vehicle miles
– Fare revenue
– Accidents
Passenger Survey
• On-board passenger survey to determine trip purpose and rider behavior in the absence of transit
• Seven agencies surveyed
• 2,700 completed and valid surveys
TRANSIT PASSENGER SURVEY – MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Day: Time:TRANSIT PASSENGER SURVEY – MICHIGAN DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATIONThe objective of the survey is to collect information on riders' trip purpose and mobility. Your answers will help us measure the benefits of public transportation in your region.This form can be completed every time you make a trip. Please follow the instructions below. There are three questions (left to right). You can select more than one answer unless directed otherwise. All responses are strictly confidential.For more information on the survey, please contact HDR Inc. at 1-800-938-4425. THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME!
1) What is the main purpose of your trip? If going home, indicate where you came from before you got on the bus.
CIRCLE ONE BEST ANSWER & FOLLOW ARROW
2.a) If public transportation was not available, you would:a. Not be able to workb. Look for another job (closer to home)c. Adjust your working hoursd. Work at homee. Use another means of transportationf. Other Specify: _______________________________________________________________________________
2.b) If public transportation was not available, you would:a. Not seek medical assistanceb. Select another physician / care providerc. Receive home cared. Use another means of transportatione. Other Specify: _______________________________________________________________________________
2.c) If public transportation was not available, you would:a. Not be able to attend school / collegeb. Miss more classes or school activitiesc. Choose another school (closer to home)d. Use another means of transportatione. Other Specify: _______________________________________________________________________________
2.d) If public transportation was not available, you would:a. Make fewer trips Specify: ___________________b. Go to a different shopping center/attractionc. Shop online or by catalogd. Use another means of transportatione. Other Specify: _______________________________________________________________________________
2.e) If public transportation was not available, you would:a. Make fewer trips Specify: ___________________b. Use another means of transportationc. Other Specify: _______________________________________________________________________________
ANSWER THIS QUESTION ONLY IF YOU
RESPONDED “USE ANOTHER MEANS OF TRANSPORTATION” IN 2.
3) If public transportation was not available, what other means of transportation would you use?a. Drive your personal vehicle
b. Ride with someone else
c. Taxi
d. Bicycle
e. Walk
f. Other Specify: ___________________________________________________________________________________
a. Work / Work-related
b. Medical/Dental
c. Education
d. Shopping, recreation, or tourism
e. Other Specify:
____________________________________________________
Route #:
Comments: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Results were used to:– Allocate ridership by trip purpose– Estimate trip diversion to other modes (personal vehicle, taxi, etc.)– Derive the percentage of trips foregone
Preliminary Results – 2010
SOCIAL BENEFITS & ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF PUBLIC TRANSIT IN MICHIGAN, 2010(in thousands)
Transportation cost savings $611,917
Riders' out-of-pocket cost savings $326,740
Travel time savings $299,770
Accident cost savings -$14,593
Low-cost mobility benefits $123,658
Affordable mobility benefits $62,948
Cross-sector benefits $60,710
SOCIAL BENEFITS OF PUBLIC TRANSIT $735,575
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF PUBLIC TRANSIT (OUTPUT) $1,366,939
Note: Social benefits and economic impacts should not be added as they result from two separate analyses
Total Expenses (less depreciation): $572. 9 million; Total Trips: 96,053,210
Social Benefits Per Trip: $7.65
Next Steps in Performance Management
Support Michigan Dashboard
Develop MDOT Dashboard
Maintain System Performance Website
Implement and Refine Transit System AIMS and Measures
Maintain Economics Benefit Model
RFP for Peer Analysis
Encourage Agency and Industry Level Efforts
Thank you
Appendix
Mid-America Association of State Transportation Officials – 2011
Economic Impact Analysis
IMPLAN
(Economic
Multipliers)
PTMS Other Data
Out-of-Pocket
Cost Savings
Change in Trips/
VMT Due to the
Presence of
Transit
Economic Impacts
Passenger
Survey
Passenger SurveyWhat is the main purpose of your trip?
Mid-America Association of State Transportation Officials – 2011
34%
26%
20%
8%
12%
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Work/Work Related
Education
Shopping, recreation or
tourism
Medical/Dental
Other
“Dial-A-Ride has helped a lot. I recently lost my car and need transportation for me and my children.” A Michigan transit rider
Passenger SurveyIf public transportation was not available?
Mid-America Association of State Transportation Officials – 2011
54%
25%
12%5%
2% 1%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
Use another means of
transportation
Not be able to work
Look for another job
Adjust work hours
Work at home
Other
Aggregate results for all agencies – there can be considerable variation across agencies
Contact Information For Economic Benefit
Model
Bruno PENET
HDR Decision Economics
240-485-2609
Mid-America Association of State Transportation Officials – 2011
Peer Grouping Analysis
• MDOT has issued an RFP • Using National Transit Database data to develop state-level profiles and
peer comparisons– Determine the following three peer groups for Michigan’s transit as a
whole:• State to state peers (e.g., Michigan’s entire local transit network
against other state’s entire local transit network)• Urban network peers to Michigan’s urban fixed route network • Rural network peers to Michigan’s rural demand response network
– Select factors to include in a profile of an entity within the peer group • Michigan Dashboard is comparison oriented
– Being in top ten; top third; best in “class”• Will use NTD and Florida’s Integrated National Transit Database
Assessment System http://www.ftis.org/intdas.html