Transforming Energy Storage
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Transforming Energy Storage
| 2©2015 Capacitor Sciences Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Henry Ford’s Horseless Carriage, 1896The Great Horse Manure Crisis of 1894
To Solve New Problems We Need New Thinking
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The Transition From Internal Combustion to EV Has Begun
Cities, States and Countries are Banning Gas and Diesel Powered Cars
2025: The Netherlands 2030: Barcelona, Copenhagen and Vancouver2030: Germany, Norway, India and Ireland 2040: California, France and the UK20??: China to ban the production and sale of fossil fuel cars
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Electrochemistry or Molecular Polarizability
Capacitor - Molecular PolarizabilityInfluence of an external electric field causes movement of electrons
Battery - ElectrochemistryReduction – oxidation reaction causes movement of Lithium ions
Batteries vs Capacitors for Energy Storage
©2015 Capacitor Sciences Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Capacitor Fundamentals
- High Polarizability, High Voltage For High Energy Density- High Resistivity for Charge Storage Longevity
| 5
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Polypropylene film is not very polarizable
Why Not Energy Storage Capacitors Today?
Highly resistive hydrocarbon
Low polarizability (no polarizable core)
Ideal for short bursts of power
Polypropylene Polymer
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Metadielectric materials with polarizable cores and resistive envelopes
What Needs to Change?
Polarizable cores to store energy
Insulative tails to hold stored energy
Polarizable Core
NN
O
N N
O
NN
OC12H25H25C12O
H25C12O OC12H25
Resistive TailsResistive Tails
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Energy is Stored by Polarizing Molecules with an External Electric Field
Electrostatic Energy Storage
Electron Cloud at Zero Electric Field(Discharged State, Not Polarized)
Electron Cloud at High Electric Field(Charged State, Polarized)
Insulative Tails:High resistivity
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Actual Structure: Polarizable, Resistive and Structured Films
X-Ray Diffraction Image of CSI Material
Polarizable Cores:High energy density
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Nonlinear Capacitor Testing – Coin cells
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Nonlinear polarization results in nearly constant voltage
Nonlinear Capacitor Testing Results
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CSI Materials have 1000X of Polypropylene’s Specific Energy
CSI Material Charge Deposition vs Polypropylene
Material Time to Breakdown Specific Energy of MaterialsWh/kg = Jelectrode*tbd*Vc /ρ*d*S
Polypropylene 5 sec 0.52
P032 (2-Ring) 2 hours 500
P036 (3-Ring) 6 hours 1385
K204 (4-Ring) 12 hours 2770
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Decarbonization of Energy & Transportation
Electrification Using Renewables and Ubiquitous Energy Storage
Renewable energy sources need to be paired with low-cost, long-duration storage
Electric Vehicles need low-cost, durable energy storage
Industry, businesses and homes need stored energy at a fraction of energy cost
CSI Has Dielectric Materials With Specific Energy at Least 5X Greater Than Li Ion Batteries
136 kWh3.5 miles per kWh477 miles$0.03 per mile
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A “Tank of Electrons” Compared to a Tank of Gas
Tank of Electrons
e-
Tank of Gas
gas
18 gallons of gasoline26.5 miles per gallon477 miles$0.10 per mile
Electrons are cheaper than gasoline
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Energy Storage Cost-Performance >10X of Lithium Ion Batteries
Specific Energy, Materials Supply & Cost Required for Global Energy Storage:
Energy storage pack capacity of more than 1 kWh/kg (Tesla S 85 = 0.16 kWh/kg)
Materials supply of more than 10E10 kg/year (2017 lithium production 50E6 kg)
Energy storage pack cost of less than $50/kWh (BNEF 2017 Average = $209/kWh)
A New Era of Functional Plastic Films Made From Oil to Store Electricity
| 1 6©2015 Capacitor Sciences Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Contact
Dr. Pavel [email protected]+1.650.520.5146
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