Transfer of hydrological knowledge, data and services to Member States through International Hydrological Programme (IHP) Anil Mishra UNESCO-IHP Observations and Modeling Across Scales: Symposium in Honor of Eric Wood Princeton University, June 2-3, 2016 Session : Human impacts on hydrologic variability and extremes, and associated coupled human-water system feedbacks
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Transfer of hydrological knowledge, data and services to Member States through International Hydrological
Programme (IHP)
Anil Mishra
UNESCO-IHP
Observations and Modeling Across Scales: Symposium in Honor of Eric WoodPrinceton University, June 2-3, 2016
Session : Human impacts on hydrologic variability and extremes, and associated coupled human-water system feedbacks
a) To provide a scientific framework for the general development of hydrological activities;
b) to improve the study of the hydrological cycle and the scientific methodology for the assessment of water resources throughout the world, thus contributing to their rational use;
c) to evaluate the influence of man’s activities on the water cycle, considered in relation to environmental conditions as a whole;
d) to promote the exchange of information on hydrological research and on new development of their national hydrological activities.
The IHP became operational on 1 January 1975
Eric Wood and UNESCO-IHP 1973
Addressing water security
1973 population 3.9 billion
2016 population 7.4 billion
Access to Safe Drinking Water (Total - 1970)
Access to Safe Drinking Water (Total - 2002)
An estimate of the share of people in developing countries with access to safe drinking water 1970-2000
https://koshland-science-museum.org/water/html/en/Atlas/atlas2.html Pacific Institute (http://www.worldwater.org)
Source: AR5 SYR SPM
HUMAN INFLUENCE: Extremely likely that human influence has been the dominant cause of warming since the mid-20th century
Global surface temperature change in 2100 is likely to exceed
1.5°C for all scenarios except for ambitious mitigation
Temperature
Projected temperature change
Precipitation
Source: AR5 SYR SPM
Evolution of IHP: from Hydrological Science to Integrated science, Policy and Society
Hydrology and Water Resources Sustainable Development in a Changing Environment
Experimental Basins, Categorization of Large Floods, World Water Balance
IHPVIII2014
IHP-VII2008
IHP-VI2002
IHP-V1996
IHP-IV1990
IHP-III1984
IHP-II1981
IHP-I1975
International Hydrological Decade (IHD)
1965
Water Interactions: Systems at Risk and Social Challenges
Hydrology and Water Resources Development in Vulnerable Environment
International Cooperation in Hydrological Sciences
Water Security: Responses to Local, Regional, and Global Challenges
Water Dependencies: Systems under Stress and Societal Responses
The IHP today
human beings are killed each year from water‐related disasters and diseases.
people lack access to safe water and 2.5 billion to adequate sanitation.
of the human population live in arid areas. By 2030, half of the population will be living in areas of high water stress.
85%
6-8 million
750million
Water Security key challenges of the 21 st Century
of the world’s total wastewater is discharged without adequate or any treatment.
85%
transboundary aquifers
shared by 2-4
countries
population of freshwater species declined in just thirty years.
445
50 %
Source: Data collected by UNESCO-IHP
Global Precipitation Gage Network (GPCC) (2016)
Global Runoff Gage Network (GRDC)
Global In situ Observing Systems: Limited coverage!
promotes regional and international cooperation on drought issues.
Improved understanding of the characteristics of hydrological systems and water management needs in arid areas.
Providing the Tools to Identify Climate Risks
Monitoring and Early Warning of Droughts and Floods
Princeton and UNESCO-IHP
User Interface: http://stream.princeton.edu
Development of Flood and Drought Monitoring and Prediction Systems at Princeton University
Source: Justin and Eric
Training Workshop in Santiago, Chile (2014)
– also in Niger (2012, 2013), Kenya (2012), Namibia (2015)
•Training in the use of the system•Transfer of technology/knowledge exchange•Operational servers – regional clients•Validation, feedback and collaboration
Source: Justin and Eric
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CURRENT
FUTURE
The future of hydrology: An evolving science for a changing worldThorsten Wagener,1 Murugesu Sivapalan,2,3,4 Peter A. Troch,5 Brian L. McGlynn,6
Ciaran J. Harman,3 Hoshin V. Gupta,5 Praveen Kumar,3 P. Suresh C. Rao,7
Nandita B. Basu,8 and Jennifer S. Wilson2
Source: WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, VOL. 46, W05301, doi:10.1029/2009WR008906, 2010
Figure 5. Key elements of the needed paradigm shift in hydrologic science (building on work by Sivapalan [2005]).
Earth System Science. Only integrated frameworks that embed humans
explicitly will enable us to manage water cycle dynamics to prevent or
solve the water crisis
Hydrology is not just the study of water!!!
Source: WATER RESOURCES RESEARCH, VOL. 46, W05301, doi:10.1029/2009WR008906, 2010
Sustainable Development Goals (SDG)
3 out of 4 jobs that make up the entire global workforce are water-dependent
Strengthening capacity building
Source WWDR, S. Uhlenbrook, WWAP, 2016
HEAVILY/MODERATELY WATER-DEPENDENT JOBS
42% of GLOBAL WORKFORCE
HEAVILYWATER-DEPENDENT
Three out of four jobs that make up the entire global workforce are water-dependent
Source: WWDR, S. Uhlenbrook , WWAP 2016
Delivering responses: IHP-VIII (2014-2021)
IPCC’s Fifth Assessment Report
WG-2 on Impacts, Adaptation
and Vulnerability (AR5) 2014:
Risks and Challenges
• Sustainable Development Goals
• COP21: Paris Agreement
IHP-VIII (2014-2021): Water security: Responses to local, regional and global challenges.
“the capacity of a population to safeguard
access to adequate quantities of water of
acceptable quality for sustaining human and
ecosystem health on a watershed basis, and to
ensure efficient protection of life and property
against water related hazards — floods,
landslides, land subsidence and droughts.”
15 June 2016 UNESCO Headquarters, Paris
Room IV (Fontenoy)
Water-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) implementation: Knowledge,