Transcultural Mental Health in a Changing World: Building a Global Response World Federation for Mental Health Conference Minneapolis, MN 28-31 Oct 2007
Mar 26, 2015
Transcultural Mental Health
in a Changing World: Building a Global Response
World Federation for Mental Health Conference
Minneapolis, MN28-31 Oct 2007
Transcultural Mental Health
in a Changing World: Building a Global Response
The Role of Transcultural Mental Health in the Global
Mental Health Movement
Ronald Wintrob MD
Immigrants and Refugees:A Global Perspective
Ronald Wintrob, MDRobert Kohn, MD
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior
Brown UniversityProvidence, Rhode Island
USA
Table 1. Number of Migrants in the World by Developed Regions; 1990-2005
(in millions)
Region 1990 2005 2005 Popln
Number % Number % %
World 155 191 3.0
More Developed Regions 82 53.2 115 60.5 9.5
Less Developed Regions 72 46.8 75 39.5 1.4
Source: Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat; Trends in Total Migrant Stock: The 2005 Revision http://esa.un.org/migration
Table 2. Number of Migrants in the World
by Continents; 1990-2005
(in millions)
Region 1990 2005 2005 Population
Number % Number % %
World 155 191 3.0
Africa 16 10.6 17 9.0 1.9
Asia 50 32.2 53 28.0 1.4
Europe 49 31.9 64 33.6 8.8
Latin America and Caribbean 7 4.5 7 3.5 1.2
North America 28 17.8 45 23.3 13.5
Oceania 5 3.1 5 2.6 15.2
Source: Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat; Trends in Total Migrant Stock: The 2005 Revision http://esa.un.org/migration
Table 3. Net Outflow of World’s Migrant Population; 2005
Mexico 800,000
China 380,000
India 270,000
Iran 250,000
Pakistan 248,000
Indonesia 200,000
Philippines 180,000
Morocco 110,000
Sudan 106,000
Egypt 105,000
Peru 102,000
Table 4. Net Inflow of World’s Migrant Population; 2005
USA 1,300,000
Spain 570,000
Italy 225,000
Canada 208,000
Germany 200,000
UK 190,000
Russia 183,000
France 144,000
Australia 119,000
Table 5. Countries with Largest Percentage of
World’s Migrant Population; 2005
USA 20.12
Russia 6.34
Germany 5.32
Ukraine 3.58
France 3.39
Saudi Arabia 3.34
Canada 3.20
India 2.99
UK 2.84
Spain 2.51
Australia 2.15
Table 6. Migrants as Percentage of
National Population; 2005
Switzerland 22.88
Australia 20.33
Canada 18.92
New Zealand 15.94
Ireland 14.11
USA 12.86
Sweden 12.36
Germany 12.27
Spain 11.12
France 10.70
UK 9.60
9%
28%
4%
23%
3%
33%
Africa
Asia
Europe
Latin America andCaribbeanNorth America
Oceania
Source: Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, Trends in Total Migrant Stock: The 2005 Revision http://esa.un.org/migration
Figure 1. Percentage of Migrants in the World
by Continents; 2005
Table 7. Number of Refugees in the World by Developed Regions; 1990-2005
(in millions)
Region 1990 2005 2005 Migrant
Population
Number % Number % %
World 18.5 100 13.5 100 7.1
More Developed Regions 2.1 10.9 2.6 19.6 2.3
Less Developed Regions 16.4 89.1 10.9 80.4 14.4
Source: Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat; Trends in Total Migrant Stock: The 2005 Revision http://esa.un.org/migration
Table 8. Number of Refugees in the World by Continents; 1990-2005 (in millions)
Region 1990 2005 2005 Migrant
Population
Number % Number % %
World 18.5 100 13.5 100 7.1
Africa 5.3 28.9 3.0 22.5 17.7
Asia 9.9 53.7 7.8 57.6 14.6
Europe 1.3 7.1 2.0 15.0 3.1
Latin America and Caribbean
1.2 6.5 0.4 0.3 0.5
North America 0.6 3.2 0.5 4.1 1.2
Oceania 0.1 0.6 0.1 0.6 1.6Source: Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat; Trends in Total Migrant Stock: The 2005 Revision http://esa.un.org/migration
22%
58%0%
4%
1%
15%Africa
Asia
Europe
Latin America andCaribbeanNorth America
Oceania
Figure 2. Percentage of Refugees in the World
by Continents; 2005
Source: Population Division, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, United Nations Secretariat; Trends in Total Migrant Stock: The 2005 Revision http://esa.un.org/migration
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
200000
Nu
mb
er
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
World More Developed Less Developed Least Developed
Figure 3. Number of Migrants in the World by Developed Regions; 1960-2005
(in thousands)
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
Num
be
r
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Africa Asia Europe Latin America and Caribbean North America Oceania
Figure 4. Number of Migrants in the World
by Continents; 1960-2005 (in thousands)
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
Pe
rce
nt
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
World More Developed Less Developed Least Developed
Figure 5. Migrants in the World as Percentage
of Total Population, by Developed Regions; 1960-2005
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
Pe
rce
nt
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Africa Asia Europe Latin America and Caribbean North America Oceania
Figure 6. Migrants in the World, as Percentage of
Total Population, by Continents; 1960-2005
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
Pe
rce
nt
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
World More Developed Less Developed Least Developed
Figure 7. Refugees in the World as Percentage of Migrant Population, by Developed Regions;
1960-2005
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
8000
9000
10000
Nu
mb
er
1960
1965
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
Africa Asia Europe Latin America and Caribbean North America Oceania
Figure 8. Number of Refugees in the World
by Continents; 1960-2005 (in thousands)
1%
1%
1%
2%
13%
19%
63%
Denmark
Finland
Norway
Sweden
Canada
Australia
United States
Source: 2004 Global Refugee Trends, United Nations High Commission for Refugees, June 2005
Figure 9. Top 7 Countries of Refugee Resettlement; 2004
1370
1083
103
-455
-804
-1297
-1500
-1000
-500
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Num
ber
N America
Europe
Oceania
Africa
Latin Amer
Asia
Source: Population Division of the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations Secretariat, World Population Prospects: The 2004 Revision and World Urbanization Prospects: The 2003 Revision, http://esa.un.org/unpp
Figure 10. Annual Net Number of Migrants
by Continents; 2000-2005 (in thousands)
Figure 11. Migration Flows by Reason, into Selected OECD Countries;
1999
Source: OECD, SOPEMI 2001: Trends in International Migration
Table 9. Money Sent Home by Migrants; 2005
in US$ (billions)
India 26.9
Mexico 24.5
China 22.5
Philippines 14.9
France 12.7
Spain 7.9
United Kingdom 6.7
Germany 6.5
Morocco 5.5
Bangladesh 5.5
Pakistan 5.4
Egypt 5.2
Table 10. Foreign-Born Component
of US Population; 2000-2005
Year N (million)
% US popln
2005 35.7 12.4
2004 34.2 11.7
2003 33.5 11.5
2002 32.5 11.3
2001 31.8 11.2
2000 30.0 10.6
Table 11. Inflow of Refugees and Asylum Seekers
to the USA; 1997-2006 (per 1,000)
Year N % Total N % Total Total
2006 343 73 124 27 4682005 379 69 170 31 5492004 421 62 261 38 6822003 453 56 352 44 8042002 485 55 395 45 8802001 516 57 396 43 9122000 508 57 386 43 8941999 521 57 401 44 9221998 534 56 427 44 9611997 564 55 461 45 1024
Total 4724 58 3372 42 8097
Asylum SeekersRefugees
Homeland Insecurity: the Changing Face of Immigration
Brown University Public Affairs Conference 25-28 April 2004
Immigration and Security: A Post-9/11 Report CardDomestic security, civil liberties, and national unity after 9/11
Doris Meissner: Senior fellow, Migration Policy Institute and former commissioner U.S. Immigration and Naturalization Service
War on Terror or War on Immigrants?Can US balance national security concerns with humane immigration policies?
Mark Krikorian: Executive director of the Center for Immigration StudiesFrank Sharry: Executive director of the National Immigration Forum
Yearning to Breathe FreeHow are changes in U.S. immigration policy affecting the fate of refugees?
Lavinia Limón: Executive director of Immigration and Refugee Services of America and the U.S. Committee for Refugees
Homeland Insecurity: the Changing Face of Immigration
Current Attitudes
Since the collapse of proposed changes in national immigration legislation in June 2007, anti-immigrant legislation has been passed in many states and municipalities
Recent court decisions have declared such legislation unconstitutional intrusions on federal responsibilities
Both Republican and Democratic parties emphasize strengthening border security and the arrest and extradition of illegal immigrants and their families
Homeland Insecurity: the Changing Face of Immigration
Current Attitudes
There is increasingly strong sentiment in states bordering Mexico for massive investment in border fencing, border patrols, strict law enforcement and vigorous punishment of illegal immigrants
Volunteer vigilante groups are actively patrolling some areas along the Mexican border and their actions are tolerated or encouraged by the local population
Homeland Insecurity: the Changing Face of Immigration
Current Attitudes
“I don’t think there has been such a surge of xenophobia in our lifetime. We haven’t seen this kind of widespread and deep-seated anger [toward immigrants] for almost 100 years, since the last big wave of immigration in the early 20th century”.
Doris Meissner; former commissioner, US Immigration and Naturalization Service
Homeland Insecurity: the Changing Face of Immigration
Current Attitudes
The intense rhetoric generated by the debate to tighten immigration restrictions and punish illegal immigrants has fueled discrimination against Hispanic immigrants; toward those living in the US legally, as well as illegal residents from Mexico and other Latin American countries
Homeland Insecurity: the Changing Face of Immigration
Current Attitudes
Our country needs to have a working immigration policy, one that corresponds to economic realities and is based on good sense and fairness. But it doesn’t. It has federal inertia and a rising immigrant tide, and a national mood of frustration and anxiety that is slipping, as it has so many times before, into hatred and fear.
Hostility for illegal immigrants falls disproportionately on an entire population of people, documented or not, who speak Spanish and are working-class or poor.
Editorial; New York Times, 22 Oct 2007
Immigrants and Refugees:A Global Perspective
Ronald Wintrob, MDRobert Kohn, MD
Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior
Brown University
Thank [email protected]