transcription DNA RNA translation prote in Protein Synthesis
Dec 21, 2015
DNA
DNA
RNA
DNA
G C A T
C G T A
G C A U
G C T A
base-pairingduring DNAreplication
base-pairingduringtranscription
sugar-phosphate backbone of one strand of nucleotides in a DNA double helix
sugar-phosphate backbone of the other strand of nucleotides
part of the sequence of base-pairs (blue)
transcribed DNA winds up again DNA to be transcribed unwinds
newly forming RNA transcript
DNA template at the assembly site
Transcription
mature mRNA transcript
5’ 3’
3’
poly-A tail
5’
snipped out snipped out
cap
transcription into pre-mRNA
unit of transcription in a DNA strand
exon intron exon exonintron3’ 5’
binding site for mRNA
(first binding site for tRNA)
(second binding site for tRNA)
platform on small ribosomal subunit
original base triplet in a DNA strand
During replication, proofreading enzymes make a substitution:
a base substitution within the triplet (red)
original, unmutated sequence
a gene mutation
possible outcomes:
or
mRNA parental DNA amino acids
altered mRNA
DNA withbase insertion
altered amino-acid sequence
arginine glycine tyrosine tryptophan asparagine
arginine glycine leucine glutamateleucine
Mutations