Transactional Analysis (TA) by Dr.P.N.Narayana Raja

8/3/2019 Transactional Analysis (TA) by Dr.P.N.Narayana Raja

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Transactional Analysis/NNRTransactional Analysis/NNR 11

TRANACTIONAL ANALYSIS

Dr.P.N.Narayana Raja


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INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIPINTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

II

OTHERSOTHERS

OPENOPEN

AREAAREA

DARKDARK

AREAAREA

BLINDBLIND

AREAAREA

HIDDENHIDDEN

AREAAREAKNOWKNOW

DO NOTDO NOT

KNOWKNOW

DO NOTDO NOT

KNOWKNOW

KNOWKNOW


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Transactional AnalysisTransactional Analysis

A model for explaining why and how:

People think like they do

People act like they do People interact/

communicate with others


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Berne stated that Our BrainBerne stated that Our Brain

Determines what we think and how we act

Penfield found that our brain acts like a

tape recorder while recording

1) Events

2) Associated feelings


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Sensory basisof activity

Memoryof place

Countin

gand

number

recognition

Rea

ding,

visualid

eas

Visualrecognitionofobjectsand color

Word

compreh

ansio

n

Auditory alertness,auditory attention

Sensoryunderstandingofnoiseandmusic

Senseof

place

Gazemovement

Vis

ual

att

entio

n

Vision

Sensationof lightcolor and

shape

Constructiveaction

Sensory activity

Single discreteaction

Sequential activity

Writing Tactilerecognitionof objects Face,

sensoryactivity S

ingin

g

Spo

ntan

eous

nam

ing

ofo

bjects

Sente

nce

constr

ucti

on

Efficiencyof thought

Motor

sequence

Mood(emotionalsensations)

Effort sense(e.g., Waking)

Labyrinthesensations

ofpositionandmovement

Fallingand

pointingreactions

Headturning

Eye

movements

Lower limb

Bod

yskills

Toneandsoundimages

Pain sensation

Temperature sensation

Tactile sensation

Kinestheric sensation

Understandingof melodyand tone

Relating of soundsequence

understandingof speach

Percep

tionof

sp

eech

sou

nds

Tonesense

Understanding

ofp

hrases


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LIFE SCRIPTSLIFE SCRIPTS

STRUCTURALSTRUCTURAL

ANALYSISANALYSIS

BERNES THEORYBERNES THEORY


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STRUCTURALSTRUCTURAL

ANALYSISANALYSIS


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EGO STATESEGO STATES

Penfield study revealed the recording capacityof the Brain.

These recordings distinctly occur in 3 distinct

parts.Eric Berne termed them as ego states

1)Parent

2)Adult

3)Child


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Parent Ego StateParent Ego State

Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioralpatterns based on messages or lessonslearned from parents and other parental orauthoritarian sources

Shoulds and should nots; oughts and oughtnots; always and never

Prejudicial views (not based on logic or facts)on things such as:

religion dress salespeople

traditions work products

money raising children companies


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Parent Ego State PortraitsParent Ego State Portraits

Nurturing views (sympathetic, caring views)

Critical views (fault finding, judgmental,

condescending views)Nurturing Parent

Controlling Parent orPunitive Parent or

Critical Parent


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Adult Ego StateAdult Ego State

Thoughts, feelings, attitudes, behavioralpatterns based on objective analysis of

information (data, facts)

Make decisions based on logic, computations,probabilities, etc. (not emotion)


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Child Ego StateChild Ego State

Thoughts, feelings, attitudes,

behavioral patterns based on

child-like emotions, impulses,

feelings we have experienced during

childhood

Child-like examplesImpulsive

Self-centered

Angry

Fearful

Happy

Pleasure seeking

Rebellious

Curious

Eager to please


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Child Ego PortraitsChild Ego Portraits

Rebellious ChildRebellious Child

Adapted ChildAdapted Child

Natural ChildNatural Child


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Ego PortraitsEgo Portraits

People have favorite,preferred ego state, depicted

by larger circle in a diagram

P

A

C

P

A

C

P

A

C

PARENTPARENT ADULTADULT CHILDCHILD


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Human Interaction AnalysisHuman Interaction Analysis

A transaction = any interaction orcommunication between 2 people

People send and receive messages out of

and into their different ego states How people say something (what others

hear?) just as important as what is said


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Intonations: Its the Way You Say It!Intonations: Its the Way You Say It!

Placement of the emphasis

Why dont I take you to dinner tonight?



WhyWhy dont I take you to dinner tonight?


Why dont I take you to dinnerdinnertonight?Why dont I take you to dinnertonighttonight?

What it means

I was going to take someone else.

Instead of the guy you were going

with.

Im trying to find a reason why I

shouldnt take you.

Do you have a problem with me?

Instead of going on your own.

Instead of lunch tomorrow.

Not tomorrow night.


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Types of communication,Types of communication,

interactionsinteractions

ERIC BERNE divided communication into three

1)Complementary

2) Crossed

3) Ulterior


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Complementary TransactionsComplementary Transactions

Interactions, responses, actions regarded as appropriate

and expected from another person.

Parallel communication arrows, communication

continues.

Example 1:

#1 What time do you have?#2 Ive got 11:15.

PP

AA

CCcc

AA

P


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Complementary TransactionsComplementary Transactions

contdcontd

#1 Youre late again!

#2 Im sorry. It wont

happen again.

PP

AA

CC

PP

AA

CC

Example


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Crossed TransactionsCrossed Transactions

Interactions, responses, actions NOT regarded as appropriateor expected from another person.

Crossed communication arrows, communication breakdown.

Example 1 #1 What time do you have?

#2 Theres a clock on the wall, why dont youfigure it out yourself?

PP

AA

CC

PP

AA

CC


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Crossed Transactions contdCrossed Transactions contd

Example 2#1 You must come in time

#2 I know, you need not tell.

PP

AA

CC

PP

AA

CC


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Ulterior TransactionsUlterior Transactions

Interactions, responses, actions which aredifferent from those explicitly stated

ExampleExample

#1#1 How about coming up to myHow about coming up to my

room and listening to some music?room and listening to some music?

PP

AA

CC

PP

AA

CC


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Some Counseling Implications of TASome Counseling Implications of TA

Develop an adaptive counseling strategy forparent, adult, child clients.

Best communication exchange for counseling?

Remember to respond in complementary manner

Most effective counseling involves adult to adult

Strokes, or positive interactions, important

Verbal (e.g. hello, compliment)

Touch (handshake, pat on back) Effective Listening

Looking into clients eye with interest


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Being a Response Able CounselorBeing a Response Able Counselor Recognize you cannot control anothers behavior, but you

can affect their behavior by the way you respond to them.

Remember you control your own behavior and thoughts.

1) Keep things in perspective

Distinguish what can be changed from what cant

2) Have realistic expectations

Life is not fair or perfect

Bad (good) things happen, usually dont last forever Things dont always go according to plan

People dont always act as youd like (remember egostate explanations, people have bad days, etc.)


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Dealing with Difficult ClientsDealing with Difficult Clients

Keep adult ego state in control of

yourself.

Dont get defensive, argumentative,

emotional.

Dont take it personally.

Move cautiously, stay cool, remember

complementary transactions and strokes.

If handled well, can turn out to be positive

later.


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Counseling Quotes: TransactionalCounseling Quotes: Transactional

AnalysisAnalysis

When a relationship is right, details are

visible;

When tension is high, details become

obstacles.


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STROKESSTROKES

POSITIVEPOSITIVE NEGATIVENEGATIVE PLASTICPLASTIC

Golden StampGolden Stamp Black StampBlack Stamp Blank stampBlank stamp

ParallelParallel CrossedCrossed UlteriorUlterior


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SCRIPTS PEOPLE LIVE

I am okay, you are not okay

I am not okay, you are okay

I am not okay, you are not okay

I am okay, you are okay


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Transactional Analysis (TA) by Dr.P.N.Narayana Raja

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