training.fema.gov/EMIWeb/edu/docs/empa/T ourist Bibliography.doc

Selected Bibliography Instructor Guide

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHYEmergency Management Principles and Applications for

Tourism, Hospitality and Travel Management

Aguirre, Benig 1991. “Evacuation in Cancun During Hurricane Gilbert.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 9:31-45.

Ahmed, Zafar U. 1991. “Marketing Your Community: Correcting a Negative Image.” Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 31:24-27.

American Red Cross. 1992. Community Disaster Education Guide. Washington, D.C.: American National Red Cross.

American Red Cross & Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1993. Emergency Management Guide for Business & Industry: A Step-by-Step Approach to Emergency Planning, Response and Recovery for Companies of All Sizes. Washington, D.C.: Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Ashen, Peter. 1999. “Telecommunications Checklist.” [Online]. Available: http://www.disaster-resource.com/articles/96ashen.htm.

Auf der Heide, Erik. 1989. Disaster Response: Principles of Preparation and Coordination. St. Louis, Missouri: C.V. Mosby Company.

Australian Counter Disaster College. 1983. “Report of Proceedings of a Study on Tourist Accommodation Safety: 14-17 June 1983.” Mount Macedon, Victoria, Australia: Australian Counter Disaster College.

Baker, Earl J. 1991. “Hurricane Evacuation Behavior.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 9:287-310.

Baraban, Regina. 1993. “A Comeback on Kauai.” Lodging Hospitality 49 (October):34-38.

Barton, Allen H. 1969. Communities in Disaster: A Sociological Analysis of Collective Stress Situations. Garden City, New York: Doubleday and Company, Inc.

Barton, Laurence. 1994. “Crisis Management: Preparing for and Managing Disasters.” Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 35:59-65.

Emergency Management Principles and Application forTourism, Hospitality, and Travel Management 570

http://www.disaster-resource.com/articles/96ashen.htm

http://www.disaster-resource.com/articles/96ashen.htm


Beggs, John J., Valerie A. Haines, and Jeanne S. Hurlbert. 1996. “The Effects of Personal Network and Local Community Contexts on the Receipt of Formal Aid during Disaster Recovery.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 14:57-78.

Bell, Judy. 1999a. “Communications & Systems Assessment Questionnaire.” [Online]. Available: http://www.disaster-resource.com/articles/98px16.htm.

_______. 1999b. “Protecting Communications Before Disaster Strikes.” [Online]. Available: http://www.disaster-resource.com/articles/98px16.htm.

Berry, Sharon. 1999. “We have a Problem…Call the Press!” Public Management 81 (April):4-9.

Birkland, Thomas A. 1996. “Natural Disasters as Focusing Events: Policy Communities and Political Response.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 14:221-243.

Blanchard, B. Wayne. Not dated. Emergency Management USA Instructor Reference Manual (“USA Hazards and Disaster Basics”). Emmitsburg, Maryland: Emergency Management Institute, Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Blyth, Bronwyn Gold. 1998. “Golden Rules of Crisis Management.” Pp. 51-56 in Tourism Promotion in Foreign Markets, edited by World Tourism Organization. Madrid, Spain: World Tourism Organization.

Bolin, Robert. 1993. Household and Community Recovery After Earthquakes. Boulder, Colorado: Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado.

Bolton, Patricia A. (ed.). 1993. The Loma Prieta, California Earthquake of October 17, 1989—Public Response. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Geological Survey.

Bonn, Mark A. et al. 1998. A Model to Develop an Emergency Management Visitor Assurance Program. Washington, D.C.: American Hotel Foundation.

Borzyczkowski, Ralph. 1997. “Disaster Recovery Team Players.” Contingency Planning & Management 2 (October):24-25.

Brewton, Charles. 1987. “Managing a Crisis: A Model for the Lodging Industry.” Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 28:10-15.

Britton, Neil R. 1997. “Making Progress with Business Continuity Planning for Natural Disaster Management.” Pp. 235-264 in Financial Risk Management for Natural Catastrophes,


http://www.disaster-resource.com/articles/98px16.htm

http://www.disaster-resource.com/articles/98px16.htm


edited by Neil R. Britton and John Oliver. Brisbane, Queensland, Australia: Griffith University.

Buckle, Philip. 1995. “A Framework for Assessing Vulnerability.” The Australian Journal of Emergency Management 10:11-15.

_______. 1999. “Redefining Community and Vulnerability in the Context of Emergency Management.” Australian Journal of Emergency Management Australia 13 (Summer):21-26.

Burby, Raymond J. and Fritz Wagner. 1996. “Protecting Tourists from Death and Injury in Coastal Storms.” Disasters 20:49-60.

Burton, Ian, Robert W. Kates, and Gilbert F. White. 1993. The Environment as Hazard. New York: Guilford Publishers, Inc.

Buzzotta, Victor R. and Robert E. Lefton. 1997. “Successful Succession: A Common Sense Approach to Leadership Continuity.” Contingency Planning & Management 2 (April):13-15.

Caritech Associates Ltd. [no date]. “Crisis Communication Procedures for the Caribbean Hotel Sector.” Kingston, Jamaica: Caribbean Hotel Association and the Caribbean Tourism Organization.

_______. [no date]. “Hurricane Procedures Manual.” Kingston, Jamaica: Caribbean Hotel Association and the Caribbean Tourism Organization.

Caywood, Clarke L. and Kurt P. Stocker. 1993. “The Ultimate Crisis Plan.” Pages 409-427 in Crisis Response, edited by Jack A. Gottschalk. Detroit, Michigan: Visible Ink Press.

Center for Tourism Policy Studies, School of Travel Industry Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa. 1993. Gearing Up for Growth: A Study of Education and Training for Careers in Asia-Pacific Travel and Tourism. Honolulu, Hawaii: American Express Foundation and the World Travel and Tourism Council.

Center for Tourism Policy Studies, School of Travel Industry Management, University of Hawaii at Manoa. 1994. Gearing Up for Growth II: A Study of the Human Resources Needs among Small and Medium-sized Businesses in the Asia-Pacific Travel and Tourism Industry. Honolulu, Hawaii: Pacific Asia Travel Association.



Charles, Michael T. and Allen K. Settle. 1991. “United Flight 232: Sioux City’s Response to an Air Disaster.” Industrial Crisis Quarterly 5:77-90.

Charron, Mark, Charles K. Dougherty, Alicia Junta, Kenneth S. Levinson, Barbara J. Price, William Strening and Jay B. Spievack (moderator). 1999. “A Risk Management Roundtable, Part I.” Risk Management 46 (April):22-42.

_______. 1999. “A Risk Management Roundtable, Part II.” Risk Management 46 (May):37-46. Chiu, Arthur N.L., Gregory L.F. Chiu, Charles H. Fletcher III, Hans-Jurgen Krock, J. Kenneth

Mitchell, Thomas A. Schroeder. 1995. Hurricane Iniki’s Impact on Kauai. Honolulu, Hawaii: Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa.

Chiu, Arthur N.L., Luis E. Escalante, J. Kenneth Mitchell, Dale C. Perry, Thomas A. Schroeder, and Todd Walton. 1983. Hurricane Iwa, Hawaii, November 23, 1982. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences.

Clark County Fire Department. 1981. “The MGM Grand Hotel Fire Investigation Report.” Las Vegas, Nevada: Clark County Fire Department. [Online]. Available: http://www.co.clark.nv.us/firedept/ccfd_mgm.htm. Feb. 3, 1999.

Clark, J.R. 1991. “Case Study: Hurricane Gilbert in Yucatan, Mexico.” Pg. 119 in Managing Natural Disasters and the Environment, edited by Alcira Kreimer and Mohan Munasinghe. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.

Collier, A. 1994. Principles of Tourism. Auckland, New Zealand: Longman Paul Ltd.

Coltman, M. M. 1989. Introduction to Travel and Tourism. New York: Van Nostrand Reinold.

Committee on Natural Disasters. 1991. The New Year’s Eve Flood on Oahu, Hawaii: December 31, 1987-January 1, 1988. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.

Coombs, Craig. 1998. “Port Arthur Historic Site Management Authority Response” Australian Journal of Emergency Management 13 (Autumn):16-19.

Costa, P., M. Manente, and J. van der Borg. 1993. Traditional Tourism Cities: Problems and Perspectives. Venice, Italy: CISET.


http://www.co.clark.nv.us/firedept/ccfd_mgm.htm


Cournoyer, Norman G., Anthony G. Marshall, and Karen L. Morris. 1993. Hotel, Restaurant, and Travel Law: A Preventive Approach. 4th ed. Albany, New York: Delmar Publishers, Inc.

Crichlow, Douglas. 1997. “Taking a Comprehensive Approach to Handling Disasters.” The American City & County 112:50-60.

Cross, John A. 1990. “Longitudinal Changes In Hurricane Hazard Perception.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 8:31-47.

Cutter, Susan L. 1991. “Fleeing from Harm: International Trends in Evacuations from Chemical Accidents.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 9:133-136.

Dahlhamer, James M. and Melvin J. D’Souza. 1997. “Determinants of Business Disaster Preparedness in Two U.S. Metropolitian Areas.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 15:265-281.

Dailey, Angela Z. 1993. “The Fall of Drexel Burnham Lambert.” Pages 3-15 in Crisis Response, edited by Jack A. Gottschalk. Detroit, Michigan: Visible Ink Press.

Daines, Guy E. 1991. “Planning, Training and Exercising.” Pp. 161-200 in Emergency Management: Principles and Practice for Local Government, edited by Thomas E. Drabek and Gerard J. Hoetmer. Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association.

Denis, Helene. 1997. “Technology, Structure, and Culture in Disaster Management.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 15-293-308.

DiMartini, William P. 1996. “What Drives Business Recovery Planning—the Carrot or the Stick?” Contingency Planning & Management 1 (March/April):15-19.

Dolven, Ben. 1998. “Crisis Control.” Far Eastern Economic Review 161 (November 5):60.

Dorney, Robert S. 1989. The Professional Practice of Environmental Management. New York: Springer-Verlag. (The author died when this book was near completion; final editing was done by Lindsay C. Dorney; the book was published two years after Dorney’s death in 1987).

Doten, Neal. 1996. “Mitigation: Pay Now or Pay More Later.” Contingency Planning &

Management 1 (May):13-18.



Doughty, Robert A. 1993. “United Airlines Prepares for the Worst.” Pages 345-364 in Crisis Response, edited by Jack A. Gottschalk. Detroit, Michigan: Visible Ink Press.

Douglas, Mary and Aaron Wildavsky. 1983. Risk and Culture: An Essay on the Selection of Technological and Environmental Dangers. Berkeley, California: University of California Press.

Dow, Ed. 1997. “County’s Emergency Plan is No Accident.” The American City & County 112:32.

Drabek, Thomas E. 1968. Disaster In Aisle 13. Columbus, Ohio: College of Administrative Sciences, Ohio State University.

_______. 1969. “Social Processes in Disaster: Family Evacuation.” Social Problems 16:336-349.

_______. 1983. “Shall We Leave A Study on Family Reactions When Disaster Strikes.” Emergency Management Review 1:25-29.

_______. 1985. “Managing the Emergency Response.” Public Administration Review 45:85-92.

_______. 1986. Human System Responses to Disaster: An Inventory of Sociological Findings. New York: Springer-Verlag.

_______. 1987. The Professional Emergency Manager. Boulder, Colorado: Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado.

_______. 1990. Emergency Management: Strategies for Maintaining Organizational Integrity. New York: Springer-Verlag.

_______. 1991a. “Anticipating Organizational Evacuations: Disaster Planning by Managers of Tourist-Oriented Private Firms.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 9:219-245.

_______. 1991b. “Disaster Evacuation Decision-Making Behavior by Business Executives Responsible for Tourist-Oriented Firms.” A paper presented at the annual meeting of the Western Social Science Association, Reno, Nevada, April.

_______. 1991c. “Evolution of Emergency Management.” Pp. 3-29 in Emergency Management: Principles and Practice for Local Government, edited by Thomas E. Drabek and Gerard J. Hoetmer. Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association.



_______. 1992. “Variations in Disaster Evacuation Behavior: Public Responses Versus Private Sector Executive Decision-Making Processes.” Disasters 16:104-118.

_______. 1993. “Disaster Evacuation Planning in the Tourist Industry.” Disaster Recovery Journal 6:30-32, 34-35.

_______. 1994a. “Away From Home.” Bridges (Fall):21-24.

_______. 1994b. Disaster Evacuation and the Tourist Industry. Boulder, Colorado: Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado.

_______. 1994c. “New Study Shows that Growing Tourist Industry is Inadequately Prepared for Emergencies.” Hazard Technology 14:17, 21.

_______. 1994d. “Risk Perceptions of Tourist Business Managers.” The Environmental Professional 16:327-341.

_______. 1995a. “Disaster Planning and Response by Tourist Business Executives.” Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 36:86-96.

_______. 1995b. “Disaster Responses Within the Tourist Industry.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 13:7-23.

_______. 1996a. Disaster Evacuation Behavior: Tourists and Other Transients. Boulder, Colorado: Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado.

_______. 1996b. Social Dimensions of Disaster: Instructor Guide. Emmitsburg, MD: Emergency Management Institute, Federal Emergency Management Agency.

_______. 1996c. Sociology of Disaster: Instructor Guide. Emmitsburg, MD: Emergency Management Institute, Federal Emergency Management Agency.

_______. 1996/1997. “Understanding Tourists During Disaster.” Australian Journal of Emergency Management 11:14-18.

_______. 1997. “Disaster Evacuations by Tourists and Other Types of Transients.” Pp. 28-30 in Presentation Summaries: 44th Annual Conference and Exhibit. Washington, D.C.: National Coordinating Council for Emergency Management (conference presentation in Anchorage, Alaska, October, 1996).



_______. 1998a. “Revisiting the Disaster Encyclopedia.” A paper presented at the XIV World Congress of Sociology, International Sociological Association, Montreal, Canada, July.

_______. 1998b. “Understanding Disaster Warning Responses.” A paper presented at the annual meeting of the Western Social Science Association, Denver, Colorado, April.

_______. 1999a. “Disaster Evacuation Response by Tourists and Other Types of Transients.” International Journal of Public Administration 22:655-677.

_______. 1999b. Disaster-Induced Employee Evacuation. Boulder, Colorado: Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado.

_______. 1999c. “Understanding Disaster Warning Responses.” The Social Science Journal 36:515-523.

_______. Forthcoming a. “Disaster Evacuations: Perceptual Gaps Between Customers and Tourist Business Managers.” Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly.

_______. Forthcoming b. “The Social Factors that Constrain Human Responses to Flood

Warnings.” To appear in Flood Hazards and Disasters, Dennis J. Parker (ed.). London: Routledge.

Drabek, Thomas E. and Gerard J. Hoetmer (eds.). 1991. Emergency Management: Principles and Practice for Local Government. Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association.

Driscoll, Paul and Michael B. Salwen. 1996. “Riding Out the Storm: Public Evaluations of News Coverage of Hurricane Andrew.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 14:293-303.

Durocher, Joe 1994. “Recovery Marketing: What To Do After a Natural Disaster.” Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly 35:66-71.

Dyer, Samuel Coad. 1995. “Getting People into the Crisis Communication Plan.” Public Relations Quarterly 40 (Fall):38-41.

Dynes, Russell R. 1970. Organized Behavior in Disaster. Lexington, Massachusetts: Heath Lexington Books.

_______. 1994. “Community Emergency Planning: False Assumptions and Inappropriate Analogies.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 12:141-158.



_______. 1995. “Preparedness Planning: The Adequacy of Assumptions About Social Organization.” Journal of Japan Society of Information and Knowledge 5:23-38.

Dynes, Russell R. and E.L. Quarantelli. 1975. The Role of Local Civil Defense in Disaster Planning. Columbus, Ohio: Disaster Research Center, Ohio State University.

_______. 1976. “The Family and Community Context of Individual Reactions to Disaster.” Pp. 231-245 in Emergency and Disaster Management: A Mental Health Sourcebook, edited by Howard Parad, H.L.P. Resnik and Libbie Parad. Bowie, Maryland: The Charles Press.

Dynes, Russell R. and Kathleen J. Tierney (eds.). 1994. Disasters, Collective Behavior, and Social Organization. Newark, Delaware: University of Delaware Press.

Dynes, Russell R., E.L. Quarantelli and Gary A. Kreps. 1972. A Perspective on Disaster Planning. Columbus, Ohio: Disaster Research Center, Ohio State University.

The Editors. 1995. “Crisis Management: How to Handle the Worst that Fate Can Throw at Your Property.” Lodging (Supplement) 21:6-14.

Edwards, Susan and Jennifer Reising. 1996. “Fortune 1000 Companies Commit to Crisis Management.” Contingency Planning & Management 1 (May):1,9-11.

Elliott, Dominic and Denis Smith. 1993. “Football Stadia Disasters in the United Kingdom: Learning from Tragedy?” Industrial and Environmental Crisis Quarterly 7:205-229.

Ellis, Raymond. 1985. “Emergency Management.” Pp. 139-163 in Security and Loss Prevention, edited by Raymond C. Ellis. East Lansing, Michigan: Educational Institute, American Hotel and Motel Association.

_______. 1992. “Before Disaster Strikes!” Hotel & Resort Industry 15 (November): 32-36.

Emergency Management Australia. 1997. Record of the “Putting Community Into Emergency Management” Workshop (18-19 November, 1997) (Mt. Macedon Paper Number 7/1997). Mt. Macedon, Victoria, Australia: The Australian Emergency Management Institute, Emergency Management Australia.

Emergency Management Institute. 1990. Introduction to Emergency Management. Emmitsburg, Maryland: Emergency Management Institute, Federal Emergency Management Agency.



_______. 1998. Introduction to Mitigation: Independent Study Course. Emmitsburg, Maryland: Emergency Management Institute, Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Erikson, Kai. 1994. A New Species of Trouble. New York: W.W. Norton and Company.

Federal Aviation Administration. 1999a. “An Overview of the Federal Aviation Administration.” Washington, D.C.: Federal Aviation Administration. [Online]. Available: http://www.faa.gov/OVERVUE.htm. June 25, 1999.

Federal Aviation Administration. 1999b. “Commercial Aviation.” Washington, D.C.: Federal Aviation Administration. [Online]. Available: http://www.faa.gov/apa/Safer_Skies/chart4.htm. June 25, 1999.

Federal Emergency Management Agency. 1984. Exercise Design Course: Guide to Emergency Management Exercises. Washington, D.C.: Federal Emergency Management Agency.

_______. 1984. Exercise Design Course: Instructors Guide. Washington, D.C.: Federal Emergency Management Agency.

_______. 1996. SLG 101: Guide for All-Hazard Emergency Operations Planning. Washington, D.C.: Federal Emergency Management Agency. [Online]. Available: http://www.fema.gov/pte/gaheop.htm.

_______. 1997. “Community Emergency Response Team (CERT).” Washington, D.C.: Federal Emergency Management Agency. [Online]. Available: http://www.fema.gov/emi/cert/prog.htm. Jan. 20, 1999.

_______. 1997. A Citizen’s Guide to Disaster Assistance. Washington, D.C.: Federal Emergency Management Agency. [Online]. Available: http://www.fema.gov/EMI/is71st.htm (Units 1-3).

_______. 1998. Protecting Business Operations: Second Report on Costs and Benefits of Natural Hazard Mitigation. Washington, D.C.: Mitigation Directorate, Federal Emergency Management Agency.

_______. 1998. Emergency Preparedness U.S.A. Appendix 2 (“U.S. Emergency Management—Related Terms and Definitions”). Emmitsburg, Maryland: Emergency Management Institute, Federal Emergency Management Agency.


http://www.fema.gov/EMI/is71st.htm

http://www.fema.gov/emi/cert/prog.htm

http://www.fema.gov/pte/gaheop.htm

http://www.faa.gov/apa/Safer_Skies/chart4.htm

http://www.faa.gov/OVERVUE.htm


Federal Emergency Management Agency, Federal Insurance Administration. 1993. Building Performance: Hurricane Iniki in Hawaii. Observations, Recommendations, and Technical Guidance. Washington, D.C.: Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Federal Emergency Management Agency and the Young Lawyers Division of the American Bar Association. 1982. Manual for Disaster Legal Services. Washington, D.C.: Federal Emergency Management Agency.

Federal Emergency Management Agency/United States Fire Administration. 1998. National Fire Data Center. Emmitsburg, Maryland: United Fire Administration. [Online]. Available: http://www.usfa.fema.gov/nfdc/non-resident.htm [1998, Oct. 26].

Fienberg, Bob. 1999. “Communicating in a Crisis.” Asian Business 35 (May):70-71.

Fischer, David W. 1990. “Local Coastal Storm Response: The 1988 Redondo Beach Experience.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 8:49-59.

Fischer, Henry W., III. 1994. Response to Disaster: Fact Versus Fiction and Its Perpetuation—The Sociology of Disaster. Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America.

Foster, Harold D. 1980. Disaster Planning: The Preservation of Life and Property. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Fridgen, J. D. 1991. Dimensions of Tourism. East Lansing, Michigan: Educational Institute of the American Hotel and Motel Association.

Furlong, Scott R. and Denise Scheberle. 1998. “Earthquake Recovery: Gaps between Norms of Disaster Agencies and Expectations of Small Businesses.” American Review of Public Administration 28:367-389.

Garner, Ana C. 1996. “The Common Disaster and the Unexpected Education: Delta Flight 1141 and the Discourse on Aviation Safety.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 14:155-174.

Gee, C. Y. 1994. International Hotels: Development and Management. East Lansing, Michigan: The Educational Institute of the American Hotel and Motel Association.

Gee, C. Y., K.B. Boberg, D.J.L. Choy and J.C. Makens. 1990. Professional Travel Agency Management. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall.


http://www.usfa.fema.gov/nfdc/non-resident.htm


Gee, C. Y., J.C. Makens, and D.J.L. Choy, 1997. The Travel Industry (3rd ed.). New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Gee. Churk Y. and Eduardo Fayos-Sola (eds.). 1997. International Tourism: A Global Perspective. Madrid, Spain: World Tourism Organization.

Gee, Chuck Y. and Carolyn Cain. 1986. “Coping With Crises.” Travel and Tourism Analyst (June):3-12.

Gibbs, Margaret, Juliana R. Lachenmeyer, Arlene Broska and Richard Deucher. 1996. “Effects of the AVIANCA Aircrash on Disaster Workers.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 14:23-32.

Gillespie, David F. 1991. “Coordinating Community Resources.” Pp. 55-78 in Emergency Management: Principles and Practice for Local Government, edited by Thomas E. Drabek and Gerard J. Hoetmer. Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association.

Gillespie, David F., Richard A. Colignon, Mashasweta M. Banerjee, Susan A. Murty and Mary Rogge. 1993. Partnerships for Community Preparedness. Boulder, Colorado: Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado.

Ging, Tim. 1997. “Good Communications in Bad Situations.” Contingency Planning & Management 2 (June):14-16.

Gist, Richard and Stephanie B. Stolz. 1982. “Mental Health Promotion and the Media: Community Response to the Kansas City Hotel Disaster.” American Psychologist 37:1136-1139.

Goeldner, C.,R.W. McIntosh, and J.R.B. Ritchie. 1995. Tourism Principles, Practices and Philosophies (7th ed.). New York: John Wiley and Sons.

Goggins, Kelley. 1999. “Contingency Planning 101.” Contingency Planning & Management 4 (March):16-21.

Goltz, James D. 1984. “Are the News Media Responsible for the Disaster Myths? A Content Analysis of Emergency Response Imagery.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 10:43-69.

Greenway, R. John. 1996. “Natural Hazard Management and Tourism.” Pp. 195-199 in Papers Presented to the Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction 1996, Surfers Paradise,



Queensland 29 September—2 October 1996, edited by R.L. Heathcote, C. Cuttler and J. Koetz. Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia: NDR96 Conference on Natural Disaster Reduction.

Gunn, C. A. 1994. Tourism Planning: Basics, Concepts, Cases (3rd ed.). Washington, DC: Taylor and Francis.

Hale, Joe. 1997. “Continuity By Design.” Contingency Planning & Management 2 (September):24-29.

Hall, C. Michael and Vanessa O’Sullivan. 1996. “Tourism, Political Stability and Violence.” Pps. 105-121 in Tourism, Crime and International Security Issues, edited by Abraham Pizam and Yoel Mansfeld. New York: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Handmer, John, Bevis Dutton, Bernard Goerin and Michael Smithson (eds.). 1991. New Perspectives on Uncertainty and Risk. Canberra and Mt. Macedon, Victoria, Australia: Centre for Resource and Environmental Studies, Australia National University and Australian Counter Disaster College, Natural Disasters Organization.

Harry Spiegelberg & Associates. 1992. An Assessment of Hurricane Iniki Damage to Tourism-Related Facilities on the Island of Kauai. Executive Summary. Prepared for the State of Hawaii Department of business, Economic Development & Tourism. Honolulu, Hawaii: Harry Spiegelberg & Associates.

Hartsough, Don M. and Diane Garaventa Myers. 1985. Disaster Work and Mental Health: Prevention and Control of Stress Among Workers. Rockville, Maryland: National Institute of Mental Health.

Hawaii Visitor Industry Security Association. 1998. “Waikiki’s Mini-Emergency Operating Center Guidelines.” Honolulu, Hawaii Visitor Industry Security Association.

Himmelberger, Jeffery J., Mike Baughman, and Yelena A. Ogneva-Himmelberger. 1995. “Tourism Impacts of Three Mile Island and Other Adverse Events: Implications for Lincoln County and Other Rural Counties Bisected by Radioactive Wastes Intended for Yucca Mountain.” Environmental Management 19:915-922.

Hoffman, Mark S. (ed.) 1993. The World Almanac And Book of Facts: 1993. New York: World Almanac.

Huff, Agness. 1999. “Building Your Team for Crisis Communications.” [Online]. Available: http://www.disaster-resource.com/articles/98p_76.htm.



Innes, J. Michael and Jennifer K. Slack. 1990. “Some Considerations on Personal Reactions to Emergency Stress in Employed and Volunteer Organisation Personnel.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 8:379-400.

Inskeep, E. 1991. Tourism Planning: An Integrated and Sustainable Development Approach. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold.

Inskeep, E. 1994. National and Regional Tourism Planning: Methodologies and Case Studies. London, United Kingdom: World Tourism Organization.

International Air Transport Association. 1998. Annual Report 1998. Washington, D.C.: International Air Transport Association. [Online]. Available: http://www.iata.org/ar98/ [Jan. 27, 1999].

Jefferies, Jack P. 1990. Understanding Hospitality Law. 2nd ed. East Lansing, Michigan: Educational Institute of the American Hotel & Motel Association.

Johnson, Norris R. 1988. “Fire in a Crowded Theater: A Descriptive Investigation of the Emergence of Panic.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 6:72-76.

Kaiser, C. and L. Helber. 1987. Tourism Planning and Development. Boston, Massachusetts: CBI.

Kamer, Larry. 1997-1998. “Crisis Planning’s Most Important Element: The Drill.” Communication World 15 (December/January):27-30.

Keating, Janis. 1997. “Continuity Plan Intentions Good, Implementation Lacking.” Contingency Planning & Management 2 (April):1,10-12.

Keogh, Brian. 1990. “Public Participation in Community Tourism Planning.” Annals of Tourism Research 17:449-465.

Keylin, Arleen and Gene Brown. 1976. Disasters: From the Pages of the New York Times. New York: Arno Press.

Killian. Lewis M. 1952. “The Significance of Multi-Group Membership in Disaster.” American Journal of Sociology 57:309-314.

Kreps, Gary A. 1980. “Research Needs and Policy Issues on Mass Media Disaster Reporting.” Pp. 35-74 in Disasters and the Mass Media: Proceedings of the Committee on Disasters


http://www.iata.org/ar98/


and the Mass Media Workshop, February, 1979, edited by the Committee on Disasters and the Mass Media. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences.

_______. 1990. “The Federal Emergency Management System in the United States: A Research Assessment.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 8:275-300.

_______. 1991. “Organizing for Emergency Management.” Pp. 30-54 in Emergency Management: Principles and Practice for Local Government, edited by Thomas E. Drabek and Gerard J. Hoetmer. Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association.

Kreps, Gary A. and Thomas E. Drabek. 1996. “Disasters Are Non-Routine Social Problems.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 14:129-153.

Krimm, Richard W. 1997. “Barriers and Opportunitiers in Mitigation.” Pp. 15-20 in Twenty Years Later: What Have We Learned Since the Big Thompson Flood, edited by Eve Gruntfest. Boulder, Colorado: Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center, University of Colorado.

_______. 1998. “Making Mitigation a Reality.” Australian Journal of Emergency Management 13 (Autumn):60-64.

Lankford, Darrell M. 1998. “Working with the Media During a Crisis.” NCCEM Bulletin 15 (January):6-7.

Lehrman, Celia K. 1986. “When Fact and Fantasy Collide: Crisis Management in the Travel Industry.” Public Relations Journal 42:24-28.

Lerbinger, Otto. 1997. The Crisis Manager: Facing Risk and Responsibility. Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Ligos, Melinda. 1998. “Crisis Control.” Successful Meetings 47:59-64.

Lindell Michael K. (ed.). 1997. “Adoption and Implementation of Hazard Adjustments.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 15:325-453.

Lindell, Michael K. and Ronald W. Perry. 1992. Behavioral Foundations of Community Emergency Planning. Washington, D.C.: Hemisphere Publishing Corporation.



Lopes, Rocky. 1992. “Public Perceptions of Disaster Preparedness Presentations Using Disaster Damage Images.” Working Paper #79. Boulder, Colorado: Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center, University of Colorado.

Marinstein, Jeff. 1998. “Cross-departmental Cooperation and the Politics of Planning.” Contingency Planning & Management 3 (February):12-15.

Marra, Francis J. 1998. “The Importance of Communication in Excellent Crisis Management.” The Australian Journal of Emergency Management 13 (Spring):6-8.

McKay, Jennifer M. 1996. “Reflecting the Hazard or Restating Old Views: Newspapers and Bushfires in Australia.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters 14:305-319.

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Mileti, Dennis S. 1980. “Human Adjustment to the Risk of Environmental Extremes.” Sociology and Social Research 64:327-347.

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