Training Report on CAD NX

CAD CAM

SOFTWARE PRO/E

SUBMITED TO:- SUBMITED BY:-

Mr. C.R . TRIPATHY RAHUL ROOPRAJ

H.O.D : CAD/CAM ROLL NO.-1240

MR. NAVDEEP JASSI

(SENIOR DESGINERS)

No work of significance can be claimed on a result of an individual’s efforts and same holds true for this project as well. Though it carries my name, Mr.Kapil nanda but the energy of many has

been contributed in no small measure in completion of this project. I owe my gratitude to Mr. C. R. Tripathy ( Deptt. Manager CAD\CAM) He along with other faculty members including Mr.

Navdeep Jassi (Sr. Design Engineer) has guided

me through the course never accepting less than my best efforts. I thank all of them for their co-

operation and guidance.

Computer

Introduction: - Computer is an electronic device which can store the data in large quantity. The data in two ways first is input and second is output. The term Computer, is used to describe a device made up of electronic and electromechanical component. Software is term used to describe the instruction. The purpose

of a computer system is to convert the data into information. A computer is an electronic device that can perform a variety of operations in accordance with a set of instruction called program. A computer can store the data and information in its memory, process them and produce the desired result. A computer is used essential as a data processor.

Parts of computer =

1) Monitor= Monitor is an output device. It can show the program me in screen. The buyer requires information on any change in the status of the order. If the vender is having problems meeting the scheduled delivery date,

purchasing can notify production, so that they can make any required changes to production schedule.

MONITER2) Keyboard =keyboard is an input device. There are diff type of keys

like alpha numeric, cursor numeric and functional key. In

keyboard there are 112 keys. The

keyboard is primary input device for entering text and number. The

keyboard of a computer looks quite similar to the keyboard of

an ordinary type writer. The keys on the computer keyboard are arranged in same order as on

keyboard of an order type. There are some other special keys such

as Alt, Ctrl, and Tab.

KEYBOARD

3) Mouse = It is an output device. It can help the move to cursor up and down and horizontally move. In contains three buttons and a ball at bottom of mouse. Left buttons is

are printed.

4.PRINTER:- Printers are available in almost all scripts, Hindi, Russian.

5) C.P.U = it is central process unit. It is main part of computer. It is the brain of computer. The CPU is the chip, which acts as a

control center for all operations. It provides all the timing and control signal necessary to transfer data from one point to another in system. The CPU is mounted on the motherboard.

C P U

6) A.L.U= it is arithmetic logic computer unit. The ALU contains electronic Circuits necessary to perform arithmetic and logical operations. The arithmetic operations are add, subtract, multiply.

7) DATA= Data is a collection of a raw fact & figures. Information is processed data of data. It is combined and stored centrally in data. Data are processed to form information. Data are set of isolated, unrelated, uninterpreted.raw fact. Data might not convey the full meaning.

PLOTTER

8) Plotter= special plotter to reduced good quality drawing and graph have been designed and are available in the market. There

two type of plotter. One is called a drum plotter and the other is flat bed plotter. The drum plotter, the paper on which the graph is to be drawn is mounted on a rotating drum.

9) RAM= the full form of RAM is random access memory. This is the memory that the computer uses for storing the programs. It is the place in a computer where the operating system, application programs, and data in current use are kept so that they can be quickly reached by the computers processer. RAM is much faster to read from and write to than the other kinds of storage in a computer the hard disk and CD-

ROM. When you turn the computer off, RAM losses its data.

10) ROM = read only memory. It used to memory. Another portion of the internal memory found on the motherboard is called ROM. The ROM contains permanently recorded Instruction that vital for

starting up a computer .These Program performs the most basic control and operations for the computer.

11) HARDDISK=Hard disk memories store information on one circular platters which are continually spinning. These rotating disks are coated with space between them.These tracks are commonly divided in to pie-shaped section called sectors. Each sector holds a specified number of characters. The same number of character is held in each sector, the size of inner sectors determines the storage capacity for all other sector on disk.

INPUT DEVICES

An input device presents data to the processing unit in machine-readable form. Although the key board is a common input device for a small computer, a system may also support one or more of the input devices. The input device is formed by the input device attached to the computer. Example of input device and media are: keyboard, mouse, magnetic ink character reader,

optical mark reader, optical reader, joystick etc. An input device takes the input and converts it in to binary form so that can be understood by the computer. Data and instruction enter to the computer system before any calculation can be performed on supplying data.

OUTPUT DEVICE

Output devices receive information from the CPU and present it to the user in the desired form. A printer is the most commonly used output device, such as plotter. The output device attached to computer. The output coming from the CPU is in the form of

electronic binary signal which need conversion in some form which can be easily understood by human beings character, graphical. This function of conversion is performed by output device. Some output devices are VDU, printer, plotter, etc. it supplies information and result of computation to outside

world.

Input = cursor control device.Alpha numeric

AudiO

Video data

Graphical data Output = Hard output Soft out put

1) Hard output=Hard output

device which can be touch. For example= keyboard is hard output device. It is used to writes.

2) Soft output= soft output device which cannot be touch. It is only seeing. Monitor is soft output. It gives information screen.

3) Database = it is a collection of raw fact and different information. Data base is an organized collection of inter related data.

4) ASCII = American standard cord for information interchange. It provides standard cord for interchange information.

5) Networking = a computer network is collection of computer and peripheral devices connected by communication links that allow the network component to work together. The network components may be locked at much remote location the same office. These are realized or not, of course, depend on the skill and wisdom of those involved in selecting and managing the local network.

There are three ways of networking. 1 LAN= local area network

Rs232/lane. 2MAN= metro area

network. 3WAN= wide area

network. 4WWW= worldwide

internet.

1) LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN) = a local area network is a system of interlinked personal computer, sharing common resources like disk. Processing on local area network is performed at individual P C work station. Local area network links a number of

computers together to allow many people to use the same computer programs and share information. In LAN, we want fast communication between to component. It is true that moving data bits over LAN is not a simple as either case presented above because we have to contend with extra protocol bits, for most part LANs do approach data transfer speed to those within the computer.

2) WIDE AREA NETWORK= wide area network are compared of number of autonomous computer that are distributed over a large area WAN emerged in mainly as an

academic research project. The idea was to provide efficient communication between sites, allowing hardware and software to be economically shared by wide community of user.WAN can be implemented with help of private network as well as public network. The other hand public networks are built by government telecommunication agencies. The objective of this network is replaced mail, cable and telex and work for 24 hour. Each research adds his analysis to growing report.

3) THE WORLD WIDE WEB = the internet application that is currently drawing the most

attention is the World Wide Web is a series of servers that are interconnected through hypertext. It is a method of presentation information in which certain text is highlighted that, when selected, displays more information on the particular topic. The user can use the browser software like internet explorer.

4)MEMORY =it is the capacity of store data and information. Bits are the smallest unit of memory. Memory like number of processer is based on application and user load on system. When it comes to server, the amount of memory

is not only decision to be taken. The type of memory is also important. For heavy workloads, where large amount of data have to move, to and from the memory, registered memory can give a big performance boost.

8 bits = 1byte1024byte= 1kb1024kb= 1megabyte1024mb=1gegabyte

CAD/CAM:-

CAD/CAM is the technology not a software.Group of techniques is called technology. Many software are works on CAD/CAM technology.

FOR eg. NX, PROE, CATIA, SOLID EDGE etc.

CAD/CAM SOFTWARE ARE CLASSIFIED ON THE BASIS OF TWO CRITERIAS.

1. ON THE BASIS OF DESIGN CAPABILITY.

2. ON THE BASIS OF MODIFICATION CAPABILITY.

1. ON THE BASIS OF DESIGN CAPABILITY CAD/CAM SOFTWARE ARE OF TWO TYPES

1. HIGH END SOFTWARE :-(NX, PROE, CATIA, SOLID EDGE etc.)

2. LOW END SOFTWARE:- (AUTO-CAD, CADDIAN etc.)

2. ON THE BASIS OF MODIFICATION CAPABILITY CAD/CAM SOFTWARE ARE OF TWO TYPES.

1.PARAMETRIC SOFTWARE (NX, PROE, CATIA, SOLID EDGE etc.)

2.NON PARAMETRIC SOFTWARE (AUTO-CAD, CADDIAN etc.)

Which software can more modify the structure or drawing is called the parametric software. Which software have low modification capability is called the non parametric software.. Which software have more modification

capability is called the high end parametric software. Which software have is called the low end

WHAT IS DESIGN?

Engineering Design may be defined as the iterative decision making activity to create the plans by which resources are converted, preferably optimally into systems, processes or devices to perform the desired functions and to meet human needs.

DESIGN PROCESS

The basic design process consists of the following activities.

1.Creation

Firstly a thought comes in our mind about the component.

The creation activity moulds our thought into physical component.

2.Optimization The activity eliminates the unnecessary expenses and features of the components in order to have a better product with least expenses.

3. Analysis By this activity we analyze the strength, functioning and other properties of the component. The aim is to develop a strong and smooth functioning component.

4. Modification

By this activity we eliminate the limitation of the component found during analysis. These laminations are overcome by modifying the shape material or features of the component.

Welcome to Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0.If you are a new user of Pro/ENGINEER software package , you are going to join hands with thousands of users of this high-end CAD/CAM/CAE

tool worlwide.If you are a user of the previous releases of this software, you are going to upgrade your designing skills with the tremendous improvement in this latest release.

Pro/ ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0 is a powerful program used to create complex designs with great precision. The design intent of any three-dimensional (3D) model or an assembly is defined by its specification and its use. You can use the powerful tools of Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0 to capture the design intent of any complex model by incorporating intelligence into the design.

To make the designing process simple and quick, this software package has divided the steps of designing into different modules. This means each step of the designing is completed in a different module. For example, generally a process consists of the following steps:

Sketching using the basic sketch entities. Converting the sketch into features and parts. Assembling different parts and analyzing them. Documenting parts and the assembly in term of drawing

views. Manufacturing the final part and assembly.

All these steps are divided into different modes of Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0 namely, the sketch mode, assembly mode, drawing mode, and manufacturing mode.

PARAMETRIC NATURE

Pro/ENGINEER Wildfire 4.0 is parametric, which means that the features of a part become interrelated if they are drawn by the reference of each other. You can redefine the dimensions or the attributes of a feature at any time. The changes will propagate automatically throughout the model. Thus they develop a relationship among themselves. This relationship is known as the parent – child relationship. So if you want to change the placement of the child feature, you can make alterations in the dimensions of the references and hence change the design as per your requirement. The parent-child relationship will be discussed in detail while discussing the datum in later chapters.

MODEL TREE: - The model tree stores and displays all features in a chronicle. You can select any desired feature of a model or an assembly from the MODEL TREE and apply different operations on the selected features. You can also select the features by right-clicking on it; a shortcut menu will be display.

The main purpose of using constraint, in the designing

software is following

1. To restrict motion of the entity.

2. Proper definition of the geometry using constraint

symbol is well defined.

TYPE OF CONSTRAINT

The main type of constraint is follow

(1) fully constraint

(2) partial constraint

(3) over constraint

(4) no constraint

AUTOMATIC

The main automatic constraint use in PRO/E software is below

(1) HORIZONTAL CONSTRAINT

(2) PERPENDICULAR CONSTRAINT

(3) TANGENT CONSTRAINT

(4) MIDDLE CONSTRAINT

(5) COLLINEAR CONSTRAINT

(6) SYMMETRICAL CONSTRAINT

(7) EQUAL CONSTRAINT

(8) PARALLEL CONSTRAINT

USE OF CONSTRAINT

VERTICAL CONSTRAINT

It is use to converting any type of line in to a vertical line.

Procedure

Choose vertical constraint from the constraints box showing above feature

Select any line to convert in to a V.L. Done

HORIZONTAL CONSTRAINT

It is use to converting any type of line in to a horizontal line.

Procedure

Choose horizontal constraint from the constraints box showing above feature

Select any line to convert in to a H.L. Done

PERPENDICULER CONSTRAINT

It is use to convert any type of two line in to a Perpendicular line.

Procedure

Choose perpendicular constraint from the constraints box

showing above feature

Select first line

Select second line

TENGENT

It is use to convert any type of line in to a tangent line between two entity.

Procedure

Choose horizontal constraint from the constraints box showing above feature

Select a line Select a circle

MIDDLE CONSTRAINT

It is used to fixing the any entities point at the middle point of a line.

Procedure

Choose horizontal constraint from the constraints box showing above feature

Select a point of the entity Select a line

COLLINEAR CONSTRAINT

It is use to fixing the entity over any entity

Procedure

Choose collinear constraint from the constraints box showing above feature

Select entity Select fixing point of the entity

SYMMETRICAL CONSTRAINT

It is use to drawing a symmetrical line or entity

About a center line.

Choose symmetrical constraint from the constraints box showing above feature

Select a center line Select both corner of the entity

EQUAL CONSTRAINT

It is use to convert any type of two line in to an equal length line.

Choose equal constraint from the constraints box showing above feature

Select first entity Select second entity

PARALLEL CONSTRAINT

It is use to convert any type of two line in to an parallel line

Choose parallel constraint from the constraints box showing above feature

Select first entity Select second entity

VERTICAL CONSTRAINT It is use to converting any type

of line in to a vertical line.

Procedure

Choose vertical constraint from the constraints box showing

above feature

Select any line to convert in to a V.L.

Done

HORIZONTAL CONSTRAINT

It is use to converting any type of line in to a horizontal

line.

Procedure

Choose horizontal constraint from the constraints box showing

above feature

Select any line to convert in to a H.L.

Done

PERPENDICULER CONSTRAINT

It is use to convert any type of two line in to a Perpendicular line.

Procedure

Choose perpendicular constraint from the constraints box

showing above feature

Select first line

Select second line

TENGENT

It is use to convert any type of line in to a tangent line between

two entity.

Procedure

Choose horizontal constraint from the constraints box

showing above feature

Select a line

Select a circle

MIDDLE CONSTRAINT

It is used to fixing the any entities point at the middle point of a

line.

Procedure

Choose horizontal constraint from the constraints box

showing above feature

Select a point of the entity

Select a line

COLLINEAR CONSTRAINT

It is use to fixing the entity over any entity

Procedure

Choose collinear constraint from the constraints box

showing above feature

Select entity

Select fixing point of the entity

SYMMETRICAL CONSTRAINT

It is use to drawing a symmetrical line or entity

About a center line.

Choose symmetrical constraint from the constraints box

showing above feature

Select a center line

Select both corner of the entity

EQUAL CONSTRAINT

It is use to convert any type of two line in to an equal length line.

Choose equal constraint from the constraints box showing

above feature

Select first entity

Select second entity

PARALLEL CONSTRAINT

It is use to convert any type of two line in to an parallel line

Choose parallel constraint from the constraints box showing

above feature

Select first entity

Select second entity

LINE

It is used to draw a straight line.

Procedure

Click on the line icon.

Pick start point and the end point of the line.

Modify all the dimensions and constraint.

TANGENT LINE

It is used to draw a tangent line to the two diff rent circles.

Procedure

Click on the tangent line icon.

Select first circle.

Select second circle.

CENTER LINE

It is used to draw a center line.

Procedure

Click on the center line icon. Pick first point of the center line. Pick second point of the center line. Modify all the dimensions and constraint.

RECTANGLE

It is used to draw a rectangle.

Procedure

Click on the center line icon. Pick first corner of the rectangle. Pick second corner of the rectangle. Modify all the dimensions and constraint.

CENTER POINT CIRCLE

It is used to draw a circle.

Procedure

Click on center point circle icon. Pick center point of the circle. Draw any radius of circle. Modify all the dimensions and constraint.

CONCENTRIC CIRCLE

It is used to draw no of radius circle at a center point.

Procedure

Click on concentric center point circle icon. Select a circle. Draw number of circle about a same center point. Modify all the dimensions and constraint.

THREE POINT CIRCLE

It is used to draw a circle by picking three points.

Procedure

Click on three point circle icon.

Pick one by one any three points.

TANGENT CIRCLEIt is used to draw three place tangent

circles.

Procedure

Click on three point tangent circle icon.

Select any 3 entity

ELLIPSE

It is used to draw an ellipse.

Procedure

Click on three point tangent circle icon.

Pick center point of the ellipse.

Pick another point.

Modify all the dimensions and constraint.

START END CENTER TYPE ARC

It is used to draw an arc.

Procedure

Click on start end center type arc icon. Pick both end of the arc with out center point Click desired direction of the arc Modify all the dimensions and constraint.

CONCENTRIC ARC

It is used to draw no of arc at a same center point.

Procedure

Click on concentric arc icon. Select an arc. Draw number of arc about a same center point. Modify all the dimensions and constraint.CENTER START END TYPE ARC

It is used to draw an arc.

Procedure

Click on center point arc icon. Select center point of the arc. Draw both corner of the arc. Modify all the dimensions and constraint.

FILLET

It is used to create a circular fillet between two entities.

Procedure

Click on fillet icon. Select first entity. Select second entity. Modify all the dimensions and constraint.

SPLINE

It is used to draw a spline.

Procedure

Click on spline icon. Pick first point. Again and again pick point in desired direction. Modify all the dimensions and constraint.

DIMENSION

It is used to check the length, angle, and distance between to

entity.

DIMENSION (linear)

Procedure

Click on dimension icon.

Select first entity.

Select second entity.

Done desired direction or place.

Modify all the dimensions and constraint.

DIMENSION (circular)

Procedure

Click on dimension icon.

Select a circle or a arc.

Apply one time done for shows radius, two times done for

diameter.

Modify all the dimensions and constraint.

TEXT

It is used to write text as a part of section.

Procedure

Click on text icon.

Draw a line from bottom to top side.

Write the text.

Press ok.

Modify all the dimensions and constraint.

FOREIGN DATA

It is used to insert a foreign data from palette in to active object.

Procedure

Click on foreign data icon. Select desired cross section. Apply double click on selected cross section. PRO/E shows a scale rotate dialog box.

Fill both scale and rotate box.

Modify all the dimensions and constraint.

EXTRUDE

This command is used to generate the solid and Surface by stretching the cross section in normal direction

Steps involved in the command

Select the command

Placement define

select plane Make cross section Fill the numerical value

OPTIONS OF EXTRUDE

Extrude command having options to create Solid and Surface are mention bellow :

Blind Symmetric Through all To next Through until To selected Remove material (cut)

BLIND

This option is used directly fill the numerical value of parameter. By flip option we can change the direction of parameter.

SYMMETRIC

When we want divide profile fifty-fifty from the coordinate System or any plane is called symmetric.

THROUGH ALL

This option is under the extrude dialog box .This is Mostly used when there is need to remove the material. It cut the material from compete model.

TO NEXT

This option is under the extrude dialog box. In this Option we do not give the numerical value, but only specify the next surface of object.

TO SELECTED: --

This option is under the extrude dialog box. In this option there is not need to give numerical value. In this option we specify the point, line ,surface.

REMOVE MATERIAL:--

As the name suggested this option is used to cut material. To use this command we can also used the other option Of extrude like through all, to next, to selected, blind etc.

REVOLVE

This command is used to generate solid or surface by Revolve a cross section around a axis at a required angle.

Steps involve in the command

Select the command. Placement Define Select plane. Make cross section.(one axis) fill the angle

REVOLVE(OPTIONS) : About the Angle of RevolutionIn a revolved feature, a section is revolved around an axis of revolution to a specified angle. You can define the angle of revolution by selecting one of the following angle options:

Variable —

Revolves a section from the sketching plane by the specified angle value. Type the angle value in the text box, or select one of predefined angles (90, 180, 270, 360). If you select one of the predefined angle values, the system creates an angle dimension.

Symmetric—

Revolves a section on each side of the sketching plane by half of the specified angle value.

To Selected—

Revolves a section up to a selected datum point, vertex, plane, or surface. Note: The terminating plane or surface must contain the axis of revolution.

FILLET:

THIS command is used to remove the sharp edges from solid or surface model.

PURPOSE OF FILLET :

To convert the point load into uniform load.

For better looks To make component safe for user. Give facility during moulding.

Step involve in the command:

select the edge select the second edge (ctrl+edge)

Different method of round:---

(1)constant round

(2) variable round

Dynamic round after round

Round the complete surface of the block:-- For round the complete surface of the block pro engineer

Gives the special facility. As show below:-----

This is the best round surface obtained by this method

RIB

RIB is used to increase the strength of the component. IT transfer the load to all the surface. IT convert the point load into uniform load.

PROCEDURE

GO to insert Rib Reference ---- define (plane) Sketch---- Reference------ Make cross section(openloop)

CHAMFER

1CHAMFER is used to remove the edges. It also facilitate during fitment.

Options of command

1

Dimension scheme box

Displays the current dimension scheme for the chamfer set and contains a list of valid dimension schemes based on thegeometrical context. This box enables you to change the dimension schemefor the active chamfer set. The following dimension schemes are available:

D x D—Create a chamfer that is at a distance (D) from the edge along each surface. Pro/ENGINEER selects this by default.

Note: This scheme is available using the Offset Surface creation method only if the following conditions are met: For Edge chamfers, all members of the edge chain must be formed by exactly two 90-degree planes or two 90-degree surfaces (for example, the ends of a cylinder). For Surface to Surface chamfers, constant-angle planes or constant 90-degree surfaces must be selected.

D1 x D2—Create a chamfer at a distance (D1) from the selected edge along one surface and a distance (D2) from the selected edge along the other surface.

Note: This scheme is available using the Offset Surface creation method only if the following conditions are met: For Edge chamfers, all members of the edge chain must be formed by exactly two 90-degree planes or two 90-degree surfaces (for example, the ends of a cylinder). For Surface to Surface chamfers, constant-angle planes or constant 90-degree surfaces must be selected.

Angle x D—Create a chamfer at a distance (D) from the selected edge along one adjacent surface at a specified angle (Angle) to that surface.

Note: This scheme is available using the Offset Surface creation method only if the following conditions are met: For Edge chamfers, all members of the edge chain must be formed by exactly two 90-degree planes or two 90-degree surfaces (for example, the ends of a cylinder). For Surface to Surface chamfers, constant-angle planes or constant 90-degree surfaces must be selected.

45 x D—Create a chamfer that is at an angle of 45 degrees to both surfaces and a distance (D) from the edge along each surface.

Note: This scheme is available only for chamfers that use 90-degree surfaces and the Tangent Distance creation method.

O x O—Create a chamfer that is at an offset distance (O) from the edge along each surface. Pro/ENGINEER selects this by default only when D x D is not available.

Note: This scheme is only available if the Offset Surfaces creation method is used.

O1 x O2—Create a chamfer at an offset distance (O1) from the selected edge along one surface and an offset distance (O2) from the selected edge along the other surface

EXAMPLES

BASE COMPONENT

. DYNAMIC CHAMFER

SHELL:-

The Shell feature hollows out the inside of the solid, leaving a shell of a specified wall thickness. It lets you specify a surface or surfaces that you want to remove from the shell. If you do not select a surface to remove, a "closed" shell is created, with the whole inside of the part hollowed out and no access to the hollow. In this case, you can later add the necessary cuts or holes to achieve proper geometry. If you flip the thickness side (for example, by entering a negative value, or by clicking on the dialog bar), the shell thickness is added to the outside of the part.

When defining a shell, you can also select surfaces where you want to assign a different thickness. You can specify independent thickness values for each such surface. However, you cannot enter negative thickness values, or flip the thickness side, for these surfaces. The thickness side is determined by the default thickness of the shell.

You can also exclude one or more surfaces from being shelled by specifying the surfaces in the Exclude Surface collector. This process is called partial shelling. To exclude more than one surface, hold down the CTRL key while selecting the surfaces. However, Pro/ENGINEER cannot shell material

that is normal to the surfaces specified in the Exclude Surface collector.

When Pro/ENGINEER makes the shell, all the features that were added to the solid before you created the Shell feature are hollowed out. Therefore, the order of feature creation is very important when you use Shell

OPTIONS OF COMMAND

STEAS INVOLVE IN THE COMMAND

select the command. fill the thickness. remove the face.

(1) Click on the Engineering Features toolbar, or click Insert > Shell. Pro/ENGINEER applies a default thickness to the inside of all the surfaces, creating a "closed" shell, and displays the preview geometry. The default thickness value is displayed in the graphics window, preceded by the O_TH

ICK label connected to a drag handle, and in the box on the dashboard.

(2) Select one or more surfaces, that you want to remove during the Shell feature creation. Pro/ENGINEER removes the selected surfaces and updates the preview geometry.

Note: You can also select the surfaces to be removed before you enter the Shell tool. While creating or redefining the Shell feature, you can, at any time, select additional surfaces to remove, or clear the selection of some of the previously selected surfaces, by activating the Removed surfaces collector in the References slide-up panel. This collector is always active when you start to create or redefine a Shell feature.

(3) To modify the shell thickness, type or select the new value in the box in the dashboard You can also drag the

handle connected to the O_THICK label, or double-click the thickness value next to the O_THICK label and type or select the new value.

DRAFT ANGLE:-

DRAFT angle is a very important tool. draft Angle give to the component for easy ejection of component from Core and cavity. DRAFT angle is the process of tilting the surface of compnent

Two type of draft angle provided in PRO-E:----

SINGLE DRAFT ANGLE VARIABLE DRAFT ANGLE

Variable draft angle

THIS command is used to give the different draft angle at different points with the help of this tool we can achieve complicated Shape.

SWEEP:-

THIS command is used to generate solid and surface by moving one cross section on single path

Condition of sweep tool

The path should be in perpotion to the section.

Avoid the sharp edge on the path.

Types of sweep

By sketch a path .

By select the path(trayjectory).

This dialog box is open at starting of command

SWEEP (PROTRUSION)

THIS option is under the sweep tool. IT is used to create the solid by moving one cross section on single path

PROCEDURE:---

Sketch the trajectory.

Make cross section

SWEEP (CUT):----

THIS option is under the sweep tool . It is used to

cut the material with the help of sweep.

Method of cut a material by sweep:---

Sketch trajectory Select trajectory

Chose the option from this window

Window is open during using command

PROCEDURE:---

Sketch the trajectory. OR Select the trajectory

Make cross section

BLEND:-

Blend is used to generate the solid and surface joining different cross section at different depth.

location of command:----

BLEND (Protrusion)

THIS option is under the blend command. This command is used to generate the solid and surface by joining different cross section at different depth.

OFFSET TOOL

This command is used to create the complicated profile.

This command is also used to write something on the

Surfaces of the model.

OPTIONS OF OFFSET COMMAND :-----

STANDRAD OFFSET FEATURE:-----

This command is used to take the offset of a surface

Expand feature:------

This command is used to expand the surface of the model

REPLACE SURFACE FEATURE

This command is used to create the complicated feature.We can write something on the any type of surface.

PATTREN:-----

Some type of things arranged in particular manner is Called pattern. This command is used make the duplicate of the Of the feature.

The round can also pattern by reference pattern.

Types of pattern:----

Dimension pattern

Direction pattern Axis pattern Curve pattern Fill pattern

For axis pattern

(Before pattern) (Pattern)

Procedure

Draw the master feature at some pitch circle diameter

Select the feature

Click on pattern tool

Select axis

Fill no of pattern member

Fill angle or divide in to360 degree option

Done

(After pattern)

Curve patern

VARIABLE SECTION SWEEP

With the Variable Section Sweep feature, you can create a solid or surface feature. You add or remove material while sweeping a section along one or more selected trajectories by controlling the section’s orientation, rotation, and geometry. You can create a sweep using a constant section or a variable section

Location of command:---

To access the Variable Section Sweep tool, click in the Feature toolbar or click Insert > Variable Section Sweep.

Options of command

Solid—Sweep as solid.

Surface—Sweep as a surface.

Open the internal section sketcher to create or edit sweep section.

Solid or Surface Cut.

Thin Protrusion, Thin Solid or Surface Cut.

Change the direction of the operation to add or remove material

Steps under command:----

sketch the path

SWEEPT BLEND

This command is combination of sweep and blend. This Command have the properties of both.the sweep comm.-And is definded as the one cross section and single path is required. And blend command is definded as the joining of different cross section at different depth. And so According to this command we can generate the solid and By different cross section with a single trajectory

Limitation of command:---

For a closed trajectory profile, one section must be located at the start point and at least one other section at another location.

Section references at the chain start and end points of the trajectory are dynamic and update if the trajectory is trimmed.

Section locations can be referenced to model geometry a curve for example, but modifying the trajectory may invalidate the references. In this case the swept blend feature will fail.

All sections must contain the same number of entities.

Special features of command :----

You can control swept blend geometry by using an area location and by controlling the perimeter of the feature between the sections.

An area location allows you to specify the exact area of the cross section of the swept blend at the selected  point on the Origin Trajectory. You can add or remove points on the Origin Trajectory at which to specify the swept blend sectional area. You can also change the are value at user-defined points.

Options of trajectory :--

Three types of option are in the command. As shown In the figure. These trajectory options are used to create the co

- plicated profil

Normal to trajectory:-- The section plane remain normal to origin trajectory throught out its length.

Constant normal:-- The z-axis is parallel to the specifie direction Reference vector. Direction reference must be Specified.

Normal to the projection:-- the section plane remains normal to the Origin path as it is viewed along the Projection direction. The direction must Be specifie.

Steps involve in the command:---

Sketch the trajectory

Select the command (Reference) select the path. Go to insert & pick the point Make least two section

Section options:--

Area control:-

(1) make the trajectory and pace the section

(2) place the second section and it wil show the solid or

Surface

(3) Then place the third section and it will show you the

Complete solid or surface

(4) now we have the final shape after using command

RELATIONS:----

Relations (also known as parametric relations) are user-defined equations written between symbolic dimensions and parameters. Relations let you capture design intent by defining relationships within features or parts, or among assembly components.

You can use relations to control the modeling process in the following ways :

To control the effects of modifications on models.

To define values for dimensions in parts and assemblies.

To set constraints for design conditions. For example, by  specifying the location of a hole in relation to the edge of a part.

To describe conditional relationships between different parts of a model or assembly.

In other words relation is used to design the standard parts.

Different type of symbol used for create the relation

+ Addition

– Subtraction

/ Division

* Multiplication

^ Exponentiation

() Parentheses for groupingfor example, d0 = (d1–d2)*d3

Steps involved in command:----

create a part or model. tool >>> relation select the parameter or dimension. make the relation.

Regenerate the model. Location of command:----

Bolt :---

FAMILY TABLE:------

Family Tables are collections of parts (or assemblies or features) that are essentially similar, but deviate slightly in one or two aspects, such as size or detail features.

For example, wood screws come in various sizes, but they all look alike and perform the same function. Thus, it is useful to

think of them as a family of parts. Parts in Family Tables are also known as table-driven parts.

The following figure shows a family of bolts. The generic is at the top of the figure, and its instances are underneath. The generic is the parent.

, Using Family Tables

Create and store large numbers of objects simply and compactly

Save time and effort by standardizing part generation

>Generate variations of a part from one part file without having to re-create and generate each one

>Create slight variations in parts without having to use relations to change the model

>Create a table of parts that can be saved to a print file and included in part catalogs

Family Tables promote the use of standardized components. They let you represent your actual part inventory in Pro/ENGINEER. Moreover, families make it easy to interchange parts and subassemblies in an assembly, because instances from the same family are automatically interchangeable with each other.

Steps involve in the command:--

(2) Go to the command

(1) make the base feature

(3) following window is open

Helical sweep:-----

This command is used to create the spring with constant And variable picth.

Types of helical sweep:----

constant pitch variable pitch

Location of command:--- --

Steps involved in command

Click Insert > Helical Sweep and then click the type of helical sweep you want. A dialog box corresponding to the type of Helical Sweep you selected opens, and the ATTRIBUTES menu appears.

Define the feature by selecting from the ATTRIBUTES menu, then click Done.

Pro/ENGINEER places you in Sketcher. Specify the sketching plane and its orientation. Sketch the profile of the surface of revolution and the axis of revolution. When sketching the profile, follow these rules:

>The sketched entities must form an open loop.

>You must sketch a centerline to define the axis of revolution.

>If you chose Norm To Traj, the profile entities must be tangent to each other (C1 continuous).

>The profile entities must not have a tangent that is normal to the centerline at any point.

>The profile starting point defines the sweep trajectory starting point. You can modify the starting point by clicking Sketch > Feature Tools > Start Point.

>When finished sketching, click.

>Enter the pitch value (the distance between the coils).

>Pro/ENGINEER places you in Sketcher to sketch the cross section that will be swept along the trajectory. Sketch the cross section based about the visible cross hairs.

>For a surface feature, you can specify if the feature has closed or open ends. Click the Attributes element on the dialog box and click Define. Click Open Ends or Capped Ends from the ATTRIBUTES menu, then Done.

>When finished sketching the cross section, click to exit Sketche

(1) select the command:---the following windows are open

When we select the command

BOUNDRY BLEND

With the Boundary Blend tool, you can create a boundary blended feature between reference entities that defines the surface in one or two directions. The first and last entities selected in each direction define the surface boundary. Adding more reference entities, such as control points and boundary conditions, allows you to more fully define the surface shape.

The rules for selecting reference entities are as follows:

(1) Curves, part edges, datum points, and ends of curves or edges can be used as reference entities.

(2)In each direction, reference entities must be selected in consecutive order. However, reference entities can be reordered.

For blended surfaces defined in two directions, the outer boundaries must form a closed loop. This means that the outer boundaries must intersect. If the boundaries do not terminate at the intersection points, Pro/ENGINEER automatically trims them and uses the relevant portion.

Curves selected for blending need not contain the same number of entities.

Location of command:-----

Steps involve in the command:---

select the command . select the edge of the surface. Then select the curve.

Different options in the command for making the surface:--

(1)Click Constraints in the dashboard.

(2)The Boundary column lists all surface boundaries. In the Condition column, click the box adjacent to the boundary for which you want to set the boundary condition.

Select one of the following boundary conditions from the Condition drop-down list box:

Free—No tangency conditions are set along the boundary.this option join

The surface straight.

Tangent—The blended surface is tangent to the reference surface along the boundary.the surface is both side make tangent both side

Curvature—The blended surface has curvature continuity across the boundary.

Normal—The blended surface is normal to the reference surface or datum plane.

When the boundary conditions are set to Tangent, Curvature, or Normal, if required, click Display drag handles to control the boundary stretch factor. Alternatively, you can type the stretch value in the Stretch Value box. The default stretch factor is 1. The value of the stretch factor influences the direction of the surface.

Set boundary conditions for all the boundaries as required.

Define other optional feature elements or click to complete the feature.

Before

Surface modeling

FILL :-

You can create and redefine flat surface features called Fill features using the Fill tool (Edit > Fill). A Fill feature is simply a flat surface, closed-loop feature that is defined by its boundaries and is used to thicken surfaces.

You can create a Fill feature by doing one of the following:

Select an existing Sketch feature (sketched datum curve). You can select a Sketch feature from the current model or from another model. The resulting Fill feature uses a dependent section as a reference. This section is fully associative with the parent Sketch feature.

Create an independent section for the Fill feature by Using Sketcher. You create this section while the Fill tool remains open.

Note :-- All Fill features must be based on a flat, closed-loop sketched section.

Location of command:----

Steps involve in the command:-----

>select the command.

>define the face on which you want to create the surface.

>draw the sketch.

Options of command:---

Surface open one side and we want to

Fill it

Create the sketch on the plane

THICKEN ;-

Thicken features use predetermined surface features or quilt geometry to either add or remove thin material sections in your designs. The surface features or quilt geometry provide you with greater flexibility within your design and enable you to transform that geometry to better meet your design needs.

Typically, Thicken features are used to create complex thin geometry that would be more difficult, if not impossible, to create using regular solid features.

Designing Thicken features requires you to:

(1) Select an open or closed quilt as a reference.

(2) Determine how you want to use the reference geometry: to add or remove thin sections of material.

(3) Define the thickness direction for the thicken feature geometry

Location of command:---

Steps involve in the command:---

>select the surface.

>select the command.

>fill your requirement.

Option of command:----

Normal to Surface—(Default) Offsets the Thickened surface normal to the original surface. You can select individual or multiple surfaces to exclude from the Thicken operation. The surfaces to exclude appear in the Exclude list.

Note: The Exclude list is not available for design situations involving quilts made of unique surfaces and quilts where all but one of the quilt surfaces have been excluded (You cannot exclude the last remaining quilt surface).  

Auto Fit—Scales and translates the thickened surface with respect to an automatically determined coordinate system.

Control Fit—Creates a "best fit" scenario by scaling the original surface about a selected coordinate system and then translating it along a specified axis. The Control Fit option consists of:

Example:---

SOLIDIFY ;-

To create solid geometry using quilts, you must first select the quilts before using the required commands. There are three methods of creating solid geometry by using quilts:

Replace an entire part surface with a quilt. Surface replacement differs from protrusions and cuts because it can add material in some places and remove it in others.

Surface replacement is a surface deformation feature, and is created using Offset on the Edit menu.

Create a "patch", a feature that replaces a portion of a solid surface (or surfaces) with a quilt whose boundaries lie on the surfaces being patched. This feature is created using Solidify on the Edit menu.

Create a construction feature (protrusion, cut, or slot) by using a quilt as the solid feature’s boundaries. Geometry will be added or subtracted up to the border of the quilt used. This is done using Solidify on the Edit menu.

Location of command:------

During solidify

After solidify

Merge tool: - Merge tool is used to join one surface with other and also used for merge one surface with other. In merge tool two options available first option is joining and other is intersect.

Apply Merge

Tool

After merge

Trim tool : - Trim tool is used to cut any surface through another surface.

Apply trim tool

BOUNDARY BLEND TOOL

It is used to draw a surface between two entitles

(Before boundary blend)

Procedure

Draw the sketch with proper dimension Apply center click Click on boundary blend tool Select all sketch entity using ctrl Check the preview Done

(After boundary blend)

Merged: ----

You can use the Merge tool to merge two quilts by intersecting or joining them. The resulting quilt is a separate quilt coincident with the two original quilts. If the merged feature is deleted, the original quilts remain.

There are two methods for merging quilts :

>>Use intersect to create a quilt that consists of the trimmed portions of two intersecting quilts.

>>Use join if the edges of one quilt lie on the surfaces of the other quilt.

Location of the command:----

Options of command:--

FILL TOOL

It is used to close the surface with the help of a new fill surface

(Before filling)

Procedure

Go to edit Select fill tool Click on reference Click on define Select a plane Select the perpendicular surface or edge using ctrl Check the preview Done

(Before filling)

THICKEN TOOL

It is used to convert a surface in to a solid with the help of sum thickness.

Procedure

Select the surface Click on edit Choose thicken tool Fill proper thickness Check the preview

DRAFTING

In Pro/E we will convert 3 Dimensional models to 2 Dimensional drawing. Its 2 D drafting is difficult.

Steps for converting 3D model to 2 D model.

a) Go to file –New- Drawing module

b) Give name to the file.

c) Select the model and drawing sheet size.

d) Right click on screen and go to Drawing options and set units to mm and change other required parameters like text height, arrow size etc.

e) Again right click on the screen and select insert general viewand adialogue box will open.

f) Now change the required properties like user view, View display, etc

g) Now right click on this view for long time and select

Insert Projection View and draw other views

Sheet metal ;-

CORE -CAVITYCORE- CAVITY INTERFACE Procedure for core cavity generation:

1. First of all go to File/ New.

2. Go to the manufacturing option and core-cavity Sub-type.

3. Give the name of the file

4. Then change the units from Inches to mm.

5. Insert the component in the file and set it at proper place.

6. It should be sure pull direction should always be at the top.

7. Then create the mould box of required shape and size.

Core part

Cavity part

ASSEMBLY MODELING;-

An assembly is defined as a design consisting of two or more components bonded together at their respective working positions using the assembly constraints.

The assembly designs are created in the assembly mode of PRO/E. To proceed the assembly mode, choose the create a new object button from the top tool chest .The New dialog box will be displayed; select the assembly radio button from the type area and then select the design radio button from the sub-type area and specify the name of the assembly in the name edit box and choose OK; the assembly mode is activated.

PLACEMENT CONSTRAINTS

The assembly constraints are also called placement constraints

and are available in the Component Placement dashboard. Generaly these constraints are used in combinations & you can constrain upto six degrees of the freedom of the compdnent.-

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONSTRAINTS-

AUTOMATIC

When we choose this constraint, PRO/E assumes the constraints and applies it according to the type of entity

selected. For example, if we select axes of two components to

assemble, PRO/E will assume that we want to apply the align constraint and the align constraint will be applied to the two components.

MATE

The Mate placement constraint allows to make two selected planes, datum planes, faces or a combination of a datum plane and a face coplanar with respect to each other. The faces or datum selected may or may not be in contact with each other.

The Mate constraint is used in combination with three options: Offset, coincident and oriented.

MATE OFFSET

If we need to keep the two faces or planes at some distance apart, then we can use the mate constraint with some offset value. The offset distance between the coplanar faces can be a positive or a negative value.

MATE COINCIDENT

The mate coincident combination of constraints allows to make two selected planes or faces coplanar to each other.

Mate Oriented

The mate oriented combination of constraints is used when we want to mate two faces or planes or a combination of the two and at the same time we want to orient some other faces or planes of the components to face in the same direction.

ALIGN

The align constraint is used to assemble two components by making the selected faces or planes coplanar such that the aligned faces or planes face in the same direction. Apart from planes and faces, we can also select datum axes, datum points, edges, or vertices for applying the align constraint.

The align constraint is used in combination with three options: Offset, Co-incident and Oriented.

Align Offset

The align offset combination of constraints is used to align two entities with some offset distance between the aligning entities. The offset value can be positive or negative.

Align Coincident

The align coincident combination of constraints is used to assemble two components by making the selected faces or planes coplanar such that the aligned faces or planes face in the same direction.

Align Oriented

The align oriented combination of constraints makes the two selected faces or planes or the combination of both, face in the same direction.

INSERT;-The Insert constraint is used to assemble the revolved components. Applying this constraint allows the revolved component, holes, or a combination of both to share the same orientation of the central axis.

CO-ORDINATE SYSTEM ;-

Co-ord. Sys constraint aligns the coordinate system of the first components with the coordinate system of the second component.

TANGENT ;-

The Tangent constraint is used to make the selected circular face tangent to the other selected face or plane and at same time make them coplanar.

FIX;-

The Fix constraint is used to packs the two components & displays that the two components are fully constrained.

Default:-

The default constraint is used to assemble the component in the assembly by aligning the default co-ordinate system to the component with the default co-ordinate system of the assembly. Also,the part datum planes are aligned with the assembly datum planes

Assembling Components:-

The components in an assembly can be placed parametrically or non- parametrically. If the components are placed using the placement constraints,it is called parametric assembly. On the other hand, if the component are packaged, it is called non- parametric assembly.

To assemble the components parametrically, choose the Assembly button; the open dialog box will be displayed. Once you select the part to assemble from the open dialog box, the component placement dialog box will be displayed.

The component dialog box has multiple function. This dashboard is used for both constrained & packaged placement of the components,

There are four tab in this dashboard; Placement, Move, Flexibility & Properties.

Placement tab:-

When you choose the Placement tab, the side down

panel will be displayed.

The option in the side down panel is as:

Constraint type drop – down list:-

This drop down list displays the placement

constraints that are available to assemble the components. You

can select the constraints from this drop down list to assemble

components in an assembly.

Offset drop down list:-

This drop down list is used to specify the offset value

for the placement constraints. This drop down list has three

options, offset, oriented, & coincident. All these options are

used in combination with Mate & Align constraints.

New Constraint Option:- This option is used to specify a new

set of constraint to the assembly components.

Change Orientation of constraint button:-

This constraint button is used to change the

orientation of the constraint applied, this button is used only

after a constraint has been applied to the components & is not

available initially when the component placement dashboard is

invoked.

a) Select component item collector:-

This collector displays the entities of a

component that have been chosen to assembly it with the

parent component.

b) Select assembly item collector:-

This collector displays the entities of the

parent component that have been chosen to create an

assembly.

Move tab:-

This option in the move tab can be used only if you

have chosen the show component in the assembly window

while specifying constraints buttons. This tab is used to move or

rotate a component along a degree of freedom that is not

constrained.

1) Motion type drop down list:-

The options in the Motion type drop down list are as:-

a) Orient Mode:-

This option if selected, orients the part in the assembly

about its spin center.

b) Translate:-

This option if selected, moves the component from its

current location in the assembly. However, remember that the

component can be moved only along the degree of freedom

that are not constrained.

c) Rotate:-

This option if selected, rotates the components in the

assembly along its available degree of freedom.

d) Adjust:-

This option is used to pack a component with reference

to the assembly. When you select this option, you will be

prompted to select a surface on the packed component to

adjust the reference plane. The component is assembled

according to the surface specified.

2) Relative in View plane Ratio Button:- When you invoke the

Move tab slide down panel, this ratio button is selected by

default. It moves the component relative to the viewing plane.

a) Motion Reference Ratio Button: -

When this ratio button is selected, you need to select

a reference plane through which the component will be moved,

after selecting the reference plane, the normal & parallel

options are activated.

b) Normal Plane: -

This option moves the component in a plane normal

to the selected reference plane.

c) Parallel Plane: -

This option allows you to move the component in

the plane that is normal to the selected reference plane.

d) Relative:-

These boxes display the co-ordinate of the current

position of the component.

Assembled Part

Advanced toolsToroidal bend: in this command we generate a circular object by giving angle.

Blend b/w surface:in this command we generate a surface between two surfaces.

Section:

Blend b/w surface

PROJECT REPORT ON

CAD/ CAM SOFTWARE NX6

SUBMITTED BY: SUBMITTED BY: KAPIL NANDA: MR C R TRIPATY:

MR NAVDEEP JASSI

ABOUT COMPUTERCOMPUTER ARE USED EVERYWHERE.COMPUTER COME IN VARIOUS SIZES. COMPUTERS ARE MACHINES WHICH CAN DO A VARIETY OF JOBS QUICKLY. A COMPUTER IS FAST WORKING MACHINES,WHICH CAN DO CALCULATIONS VERY EASILY AND STORE INFORMATION.

COMPUTER IS AN ELECTRONIC DEVICE WHICH PROCESS ROWDATA,TO GIVE MEANINGFUL ANSWER.

Section I.01 EXPLANING ITS TERMS

ETECRONIC DEVICE:IT IS A MACHINE WHICH WORK WITH VARIOUS ELECTRONIC COMPONENT.

ROW DATA:UNARRANGED OR UNORGANISED FACTS WHICH IS FED IN TO THE COMUPTER KNOWN AS ROW DATA.

PROCESS:ANY ACTION TAKEN BY THE COMPUTER,ON THE ROW DATA IS KNOWN AS PROCESS.

Section I.02 FEATURES OF COMPUTER

CALCULATION: COMPUTER IS VERY HIGH SPEED INFOMATION PROCESSING

STORAGE: A COMPUTER HAS MEMORY WHERE IT CAN STORE THE DATA.

ACCURACY: COMPUTERS ACCURACY IS QUITE HIGH. A COMPUTER WILL ALWAYS GIVE CORRECT ANSWERS.

VERSATILITY: COMPUTER IS CAPABLE TO PERFORM EVERY TASKS.

DILIGENCE: BEING A MACHINE A COMPUTER DOES NOT SUFFER FROM THE HUMAN PROBLEMS.

AUTOMATION: A COMPUTER IS MORE THAN AN ADDING MACHINE OR CALCULATOR

Section I.03 COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER

A COMPUTER IS AN EXTREAMELY VERSATILE MACHINE,WHICH STORE AND PROCESSES INFOMATION TO GIVE MEANINGFUL RESULTS

COMPUTER SYSTEM IS MADE UP OF THE FOLLOWINGCOMPONENTS.

1. INPUT DEVICES.2. C.P.U.3. OUTPUT DEVICES.

INPUT DEVICES:INPUT DEVICE ARE USED TO FEED INFORMATIONS IN TO THE COMPUTER. THERE ARE SO MANY INPUT DEVICES LIKE KEYBOARD,CARDREADER,FLOOPYDRIVE.

C.P.U:THE MOST IMPORTANT PART OF THE COMPUTER. IT ACCEPT THE INSTRUCTIONS THROUH KEYBOARD,STORE THEM IN THE MEMORY. IT DOES ALL THE CALCULATIONS AND CONTROLS ALL THE ACTIVITIES.

C.P.U. IS MADE UP OF THREE COMPONENTS.

1. CENTROL UNIT.2. MEMORY.3. ARITHMATIC AND LOGIC UNIT

OUTPUT DEVICES:THE DEVICES THROUGH WHICH WE GET PROCESSED INFORMATION OR THE FINAL OUTPUT ARE KNOWN OUTPUT DEVICES.

THESE ARE FOLLOWING:

1. VISUAL DISPLAY UNIT.2. PRINTERS.3. SECONDARY MEMORY:

SECONDARY MEMORY ARE THREE TYPE.

1. FIOPPY DISK DRIVE.

2. HARD DISK DRIVE.

OS

Operating System (e.g.   DOS, Windows 3.1,

Windows 95, Windows 98, Windows NT, Novell

NetWare, OS/2, SCO Unix, Banyan Vines, ..)

ROM Read-Only Memory 

BIOS Basic Input Output System 

CPU The microchip or Central Processing Unit 

Byte and bits

Just as a word is made up of letters, a byte is made up of bits.

While words have a variable number of letters, all bytes have

eight bits. A bit represents a positive or negative electric

charge. The computer interprets these electric states as either

the digits 0 (negative charge) or 1 (positive charge). These are

the only two digits the computer can understand. Because of

this, computers work on a binary number system, instead of the

decimal system we are used to. The word bit stands for binary

digit.

The computer interprets the negative and positive electric

charges as binary digits (bits), and groups eight bits together.

The sequence of the eight 1s and 0s identifies one byte from

another. There are 256 different possible 0-1 combinations the

eight bits can make (2 to the power of 8 = 256), and so a

computer can identify 256 different characters. This is a

sufficient number to represent all of the uppercase and

lowercase letters of the alphabet, the digits 0-9, all the

punctuation marks, a symbol used by the computer for a space,

special characters such a * and I, other symbols used

specifically by the computer, and still leave plenty of possible

symbols for future uses.

8 bits = 1 byte

1,024 bytes = 1 kilobyte (K)

1,024 kilobytes - 1 megabyte (MB)

1,024 megabytes = 1 gigabyte (GB)

1,024 gigabytes = 1 terabyte (TB)

kilo-     k 1000^1 1024^1 = 2^10 = 1,024

mega- M 1000^2 1024^2 = 2^20 = 1,048,576

giga-   G 1000^3 1024^3 = 2^30 = 1,073,741,824

tera-    T 1000^4 1024^4 = 2^40 = 1,099,511,627,776

peta-      1000^5 1024^5 = 2^50 = 1,125,899,906,842,624

exa-       1000^6 1024^6 = 2^60 = 1,152,921,504,606,846,976

zetta-     1000^7 1024^7 = 2^70 =

1,180,591,620,717,411,303,424

yotta-     1000^8 1024^8 = 2^80 =

1,208,925,819,614,629,174,706,176

Na

me

Abb

r.Size

Kilo K 2^10 = 1,024

Meg

aM 2^20 = 1,048,576

Giga G 2^30 = 1,073,741,824

Tera T 2^40 = 1,099,511,627,776

Peta P2^50 =

1,125,899,906,842,624

Exa E2^60 =

1,152,921,504,606,846,976

Zett

aZ

2^70 =

1,180,591,620,717,411,303,4

24

Yott

a

Y 2^80 =

1,208,925,819,614,629,174,7

06,176

Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)

If the object is embedded, then the illustration remains under

control of the original application.

If the object is linked, changes you make through your

application are made directly to the source file.

Every file

format in

the world

Search for file extensionsComputer Unit

Converter

Peripherals are attach to your PC via ports:

Serial Port  - 115 KbpsUSB - 12 Mbps = 12 million

bits per second

FireWire - IEEE 1394

- 400 MbpsUSB 2.0- 480 Mbps

Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)

(PCI) A standard for connecting peripherals to a personal

computer, designed by Intel and released around Autumn 1993.

PCI is supported by most major manufacturers including Apple

Computer. It is technically far superior to VESA's local bus. It

runs at 20 - 33 MHz and carries 32 bits at a time over a 124-pin

connector or 64 bits over a 188-pin connector. An address is sent

in one cycle followed by one word of data (or several in burst

mode).

Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP)

A bus specification by Intel which gives low-cost 3D graphics

cards faster access to main memory on personal computers than

the usual PCI bus.

AGP dynamically allocates the PC's normal RAM to store the

screen image and to support texture mapping, z-buffering and

alpha blending.

Intel has built AGP into a chipset for its Pentium II

microprocessor AGP cards are slightly longer than a PCI card.

AGP operates at 66 MHz, doubled to 133 MHz, compared with

PCI's 33 Mhz. AGP allows for efficient use of frame buffer

memory, thereby helping 2D graphics performance as well.

AGP provides a coherent memory management design which

allows scattered data in system memory to be read in rapid

bursts.

PCI Express Architecture

PCI Express is the latest I/O interconnect technology that will

replace the existing PCI. With a bus bandwidth 4 times higher

than that of AGP 8X interface, PCI Express x16 bus performs

much better than AGP 8X in applications such as 3D gaming.

PCI Express x1 also outperforms PCI interface with its

exceptional high bandwidth up to 500MB/s. The high speed PCI

Express interface creates new usages on desktop PCs e.g.,

Gigabit LAN, 1394b, and high-speed RAID systems.

T E X T B I N A R Y

Text

Typically, the term text refers to text

stored as ASCII codes (that is,

without any formatting). Objects that

are not text include graphics, numbers

(if they're not stored as ASCII

characters), and program code.

Binary

1. <mathematics>  A

number representation

consisting of 0's and 1's

used by practically all

computers because of its

ease of implementation

using digital electronics ASCII - American Standard Code for

Information Interchange. This is the

world-wide standard for the code

numbers used by computers to

represent all the upper and lower-case

Latin letters, numbers, punctuation,

etc. There are 128 standard ASCII

codes each of which can be

represented by a 7 digit binary

number: 0000000 through 1111111.

and Boolean algebra.

2. <file format> Any file

format for digital data

encoded as a sequence of

bits but not consisting of

a sequence of printable

characters (text). The

term is often used for

executable machine code. 

Of course all digital data,

including characters, is

actually binary data

(unless it uses some (rare)

system with more than

two discrete levels) but

EBCDIC - Extended Binary Coded

Decimal Interchange Code

Pronounced eb-see-dik, EBCDIC is

an IBM code for representing

characters as numbers. Although it is

widely used on large IBM computers,

most other computers, including PCs

and Macintoshes, use ASCII codes.

[/eb's*-dik/, /eb'see"dik/, or /eb"k*-

dik/ ]the distinction between

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COMPUTER TERMINOLOGY

State-of-the-

artAny computer you can't afford

Obsolete Any computer you own

MicrosecondThe time it takes for your state-of-the-art

computer to become obsolete

Keyboard The standard way to generate computer errors

MouseAn advanced input device to make computer

errors easier to generate

FloppyThe state of your wallet after purchasing a

computer

Portable

Computer

A device invented to force businessmen to

work at home, on vacation, and on business

trips

Disk CrashA typical computer response to any critical

deadline

Power User Anyone who can format a disk from DOS

System

Update

A quick method of trashing ALL of your

software

Computer software, or just software is a general term

primarily used for digitally stored data such as computer

programs and other kinds of information read and written by

computers. Today, this includes data that has not traditionally

been associated with computers, such as film, tapes and records.[1] The term was coined in order to contrast to the old term

hardware (meaning physical devices); in contrast to hardware,

software is intangible, meaning it "cannot be touched".[2] .

Software is also sometimes used in a more narrow sense,

meaning application software only.

Examples:

Application software , such as word processors which

perform productive tasks for users.

Firmware , which is software programmed resident to

electrically programmable memory devices on board

mainboards or other types of integrated hardware carriers.

Middleware , which controls and co-ordinates distributed

systems.

System software such as operating systems, which interface

with hardware to provide the necessary services for

application software.

Software testing is a domain dependent of development and

programming. Software testing consists of various methods

to test and declare a software product fit before it can be

launched for use by either an individual or a group.

Testware , which is an umbrella term or container term for

all utilities and application software that serve in

combination for testing a software package but not

necessarily may optionally contribute to operational

purposes. As such, testware is not a standing configuration

but merely a working environment for application software

or subsets thereof.

Video games (except the hardware part)

Websites

Contents

[hide]

1 Overview

2 Software Characteristics

3 Types of software

o 3.1 System software

o 3.2 Programming software

o 3.3 Application software

4 Software topics

o 4.1 Architecture

o 4.2 Documentation

o 4.3 Library

o 4.4 Standard

o 4.5 Execution

o 4.6 Quality and reliability

o 4.7 License

o 4.8 Patents

5 Design and implementation

6 Industry and organizations

7 References

Section I.04 Overview

Software includes all the various forms and roles that digitally

stored data may have and play in a computer (or similar

system), regardless of whether the data is used as code for a

CPU, or other interpreter, or whether it represents other kinds of

information. Software thus encompasses a wide array of

products that may be developed using different techniques such

as ordinary programming languages, scripting languages,

microcode, or an FPGA configuration.

The types of software include web pages developed in languages

and frameworks like HTML, PHP, Perl, JSP, ASP.NET, XML,

and desktop applications like OpenOffice, Microsoft Word

developed in languages like C, C++, Java, C#, or Smalltalk.

Application software usually runs on an underlying software

operating systems such as Linux or Microsoft Windows.

Software (or firmware) is also used in video games and for the

configurable parts of the logic systems of automobiles,

televisions, and other consumer electronics.

Computer software is so called to distinguish it from computer

hardware, which encompasses the physical interconnections and

devices required to store and execute (or run) the software. At

the lowest level, executable code consists of machine language

instructions specific to an individual processor. A machine

language consists of groups of binary values signifying

processor instructions that change the state of the computer from

its preceding state. Programs are an ordered sequence of

instructions for changing the state of the computer in a particular

sequence. It is usually written in high-level programming

languages that are easier and more efficient for humans to use

(closer to natural language) than machine language. High-level

languages are compiled or interpreted into machine language

object code. Software may also be written in an assembly

language, essentially, a mnemonic representation of a machine

language using a natural language alphabet. Assembly language

must be assembled into object code via an assembler.

The term "software" was first used in this sense by John W.

Tukey in 1958.[3] In computer science and software engineering,

computer software is all computer programs. The theory that is

the basis for most modern software was first proposed by Alan

Turing in his 1935 essay Computable numbers with an

application to the Entscheidungsproblem.[4]

Section I.05 Software Characteristics

Software is developed and engineered.

Software doesn't "wear-out".

Most software continues to be custom built.

Constantly outdated.

Section I.06 Types of software

A layer structure showing where Operating System is located on

generally used software systems on desktops

Practical computer systems divide software systems into three

major classes[citation needed]: system software, programming software

and application software, although the distinction is arbitrary,

and often blurred.

(a) System software

System software helps run the computer hardware and computer

system. It includes a combination of the following:

device drivers

operating systems

servers

utilities

windowing systems

The purpose of systems software is to unburden the applications

programmer from the often complex details of the particular

computer being used, including such accessories as

communications devices, printers, device readers, displays and

keyboards, and also to partition the computer's resources such as

memory and processor time in a safe and stable manner.

Examples are- Windows XP, Linux, and Mac OS X.

(b) [edit] Programming software

Programming software usually provides tools to assist a

programmer in writing computer programs, and software using

different programming languages in a more convenient way.

The tools include:

compilers

debuggers

interpreters

linkers

text editors

An Integrated development environment (IDE) is a single

application that attempts to manage all these functions.

(c)[edit] Application software

Application software allows end users to accomplish one or

more specific (not directly computer development related) tasks.

Typical applications include:

industrial automation

business software

computer games

quantum chemistry and solid state physics software

telecommunications (i.e., the internet and everything that

flows on it)

databases

educational software

medical software

military software

molecular modeling software

image editing

spreadsheet

simulation software

Word processing

Decision making software

Application software exists for and has impacted a wide variety

of topics.

Section I.07 Software topics

(a) Architecture

See also: Software architecture

Users often see things differently than programmers. People

who use modern general purpose computers (as opposed to

embedded systems, analog computers and supercomputers)

usually see three layers of software performing a variety of

tasks: platform, application, and user software.

Platform software: Platform includes the firmware, device

drivers, an operating system, and typically a graphical user

interface which, in total, allow a user to interact with the

computer and its peripherals (associated equipment).

Platform software often comes bundled with the computer.

On a PC you will usually have the ability to change the

platform software.

Application software: Application software or Applications

are what most people think of when they think of software.

Typical examples include office suites and video games.

Application software is often purchased separately from

computer hardware. Sometimes applications are bundled

with the computer, but that does not change the fact that

they run as independent applications. Applications are

usually independent programs from the operating system,

though they are often tailored for specific platforms. Most

users think of compilers, databases, and other "system

software" as applications.

User-written software: End-user development tailors

systems to meet users' specific needs. User software

include spreadsheet templates, word processor [Platform

software: Platform includes the firmware, device drivers,

an operating system, and typically a graphical user

interface which, in total, allow a user to interact with the

computer and its peripherals (associated equipment).

Platform software often comes bundled with the computer.

On a PC you will usually have the ability to change the

platform software. Even email filters are a kind of user

software. Users create this software themselves and often

overlook how important it is. Depending on how

competently the user-written software has been integrated

into default application packages, many users may not be

aware of the distinction between the original packages, and

what has been added by co-workers.

NX

NX screenshot

Developer(s)Siemens PLM

Software

Stable release

NX 7 /

September 30,

2009

Operating system Linux / Mac OS

X / Unix /

Windows

TypeCAD/CAM

software

License Proprietary

WebsiteSiemens PLM

software

NX is the commercial CAD/CAM/CAE PLM software suite

developed by Siemens PLM Software. NX is widely used in the

engineering industry, especially in the automotive and aerospace

sectors.[citation needed] NX has some presence in the consumer goods

design sector.[citation needed]

NX is a parametric solid / surface feature-based modeler. It uses

the Parasolid geometric modeling kernel.

NX is a direct competitor to CATIA and Pro/ENGINEER.

This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply

with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The

discussion page may contain suggestions. (September 2009)

A personal computer is made up of multiple physical

components of computer hardware, upon which can be

installed an operating system and a multitude of software to

perform the operator's desired functions.

Contents

[hide]

1 Typical PC hardware

o 1.1 Power supply

o 1.2 Video display controller

o 1.3 Removable media devices

o 1.4 secondary storage

o 1.5 Sound card

o 1.6 Other peripherals

1.6.1 Input

Section I.08 [edit] Typical PC hardware

Hardware of a modern Personal Computer.

1. Monitor

2. Motherboard

3. CPU

4. RAM Memory

5. Expansion card

6. Power supply

7. Optical disc drive

8. Hard Disk

9. Keyboard

10. Mouse

Inside a custom computer.

Though a PC comes in many different forms, a typical personal

computer consists of a case or chassis in a tower shape (desktop)

and the following parts:

Wheel Mouse

Includes various input and output devices, usually external to the

computer system.

(i) [edit] Input

Main article: Input

Text input devices

o Keyboard - a device to input text and characters by

depressing buttons (referred to as keys), similar to a

typewriter. The most common English-language key

layout is the QWERTY layout.

Pointing devices

o Mouse - a pointing device that detects two

dimensional motion relative to its supporting surface.

o Optical Mouse - a newer technology that uses lasers,

or more commonly LEDs to track the surface under

the mouse to determine motion of the mouse, to be

translated into mouse movements on the screen.

o Trackball - a pointing device consisting of an exposed

protruding ball housed in a socket that detects rotation

about two axes.

Gaming devices

o Joystick - a general control device that consists of a

handheld stick that pivots around one end, to detect

angles in two or three direction.

HARD DISK DRIVE:IT CONTAINS LARGER ,MORE RIGID DISKS OR PLOTTERS. IT CAN HOLD MUCH MORE DATA.THEY ARE FIXED PERMANENTLY INSIDE THE

COMPUTER SYSTEM AND NOT BE SEEN FROM OUTSIDE.THE DISK INSIDE THE HARD DISK ARE COATED WITH HIGHLY SENSITIVE MEGNETIC MATERIAL.

The meaning of CAD is computer aided designing and CAM is computer aided manufacturing.

CAD/CAM is a technology, which consists of over three thousand softwares.

CAD/CAM is classified in to two criteria:-

(1) On the basis of design capability,(2) On the basis of modification capability.

On the basis of design capability CAD/CAM is of two types:-

o High end software,

The examples of high end software are NX/Pro-E/CATIA.

o Low end software,

The examples of low end software are Auto CAD/CADDIAN.

On the basis of modification capability CAD/CAM is of two types:-

o Parametric,

o Non Parametric.

Definitions

Degree of freedom:-

Number of movements of a body or the direction in which a body can move.

A free body has twelve degree of freedom.

Modify:-

For change the structure which improvement is doing called modify or modification.

Co-ordinate system:-

Where three mutual perpendicular axes passing through same point is called co- ordinate system.

Solid:-

A single closed volume having same density

Density:-

m/v

Mass m3=s it is density

Close volume:-

L*b*h= v=3d

L*b =area=2d

Volume=-area*h

Copy :-

It is used to generate the same feature to the original feature .

Duplicate:-

By this command change one entity and all the same entity are changed.

Section I.09 SSS:-o S- Same

o S- Similar

o S- Symmetrical

Same:-

When the shape and size is equal of two components is called same.

Similar:-

When the shape equal but the size of two bodies is not equal is called similar.

Symmetrical:-

When the size and shape of two bodies is equal but the view is opposite is called symmetrical.

The symmetry is two types:-

o Planner,

o Circular.

Planner:-

It is depends on the plane and its approach is limited. It is used in mirror command.

Circular:-

It is do not final plane.

Section I.10 Allowance:- There are three types of allowance.

Draft allowance. Shrinkage allowance. Machining allowance.

o Draft allowance:-

Draft allowance is used for easy ejection of component from core and cavity.

o Shrinkage allowance:-

Shrinkage allowance is used to compensate shrinkage effect of component after cooling.

o Machining allowance:-

Extra material left for machining is called machining allowance.

\

Main point for designing a sketch

o To find out the start point of a sketch.

o Divide the sketch into small sketches.

o Do continue straining

o Basic shape.

o Outer shapes.

o Holes.

o Fillets.

o Convert the unwanted curves into reference curve.

Important things in solid modeling:-

o Section should be of closed loop

o Section should not be self intersection

o Do not solid the double section.

Colours of sketch reading

Dark green – sketch (unconstrained)

Red –high light, over constrained.

Orange - selected.

Maroon -partially constrained.

Light green –fully constrained.

Blue - finish sketch.

Article II.

Article III.

Article IV. CONSTRAINING TOOLS

HORIZONTAL=

VERTICAL=

PARRELLEL=

PERPENDICULAR=

TANGENT=

CONCENTRIC=

FIX=

EQUAL RADIUS=

EQUAL LENGTH=

POINT ON CURVE=

COINCIDENT=

Sketching tools

Profile:- Creates a series of connected lines or arcs in string mode; that is, the end of the last curve becomes the beginning of the next curve.

Line:- Create line with constrain inferencing.

Arc:- create an arc though three points or its center and end points.

Circle: creating a circle through three points or its diameter and center point.

Quick trim:trim a curve to the closest intersection or to selected boundry in either direction,

Before after

Constraining:-

It means the relation between one entity with the other entity (or) Restriction to the motion of an entity with respect to the another entity is called constraining

(Sketch)

Revolve:

It is used to generate solid or surface by revolving a section around an axis. Revolve is used to generate circular symmetrical object.

Fillet:

Fillet is used to removing shap corner by giving a radius.

Datum Planes

Datum Plane is a imaginary plane for making a sketch where the plane is not selected like circular surface.

Types of Datum Planes:

Datum Plane:It is used at distance at angle ,bisector,point and direction of curve ,curve and point,

Datum Axis:In this we can use axis on a plane surface,

Datum Point: In this we can selected any point on the solid model,

Pattern:

When the same kind of object arranged in a particular manner is called a pattern. It is also known as Array.

Types of Array:-

Rectangular array.Circular array.

Circular array:

Shell:-

It is used to remove material from any solid with uniform and non uniform thickness. In shell command the thickness of the component is less than the outer radius of fillets. In shell command the angle of sharp corner is greater than 10o to 50o.

Hole

A cylindrical cut in a solid module is known a hole.

Type of hole:

COUNTERBORE HOLE

COUNTERSUNK HOLE:

TAPERHOLE:

NORMAL HOLE:

Sweep:-

Sweep command is used to generate solid or surface by moving sections on a single path. The N and T are the local coordinate system in sweep command. The path is open and continuous or tangent section. In this command the section is closed loop and

known self intersecting.

Variation sweep:-

We can generate solid or surface by moving a single cross section on N no. Of path.

Intersection: common b/w two entities.

Ruled:-

It is used to generate solid or surface by joining two different cross-section draw on different plane.called ruled.

Isoparameter: to joined two section.

Assembly:-

Assembly

The definition of assembly is number of parts.

Types of Assembly;-

Top Down Assembly Bottom up Assembly.

In bottom up assembly we can generate parts by adding the components.

Uses of Assembly:

Repositioning:-

For repositioning of components.

Mechanism:-

For check the mechanism of assembly.

Show:-

To show the assembly of components to the manufacturer or customer.

Exploded or explode Components:

Explode:

It is used to repositioning the components of a assembly in a manner of each other.

Create explosion. Unexploded. Auto explo Alignment:

By this we can align two components to the axis of the each other.

Assembly explode:-

Mate:-

In this we can made the two surface of component with each other.

Surface modeling:

Surface modeling:-

It is used to generate models which are impossible or very difficult to generate in solid modelling.

Uses of surface modelling:

It is used to generate models which are impossible or very difficult to generate in solid modelling.

It is used to repair the imported CAD data.

In surface modelling:

Surface Face sheet

thickness of sheet is equel to zero.

EDGE:Where the surface meet. VERTEX: Where the edges meet.

Surfacing Commands:-

N- Sided:

It is create a surface enclosed by a set of end connected curves.

Before

Sew:-

Combined sheet bodies by sewing common edges together or combined solid bodies by sewing common faces.

Trim:-

Trim off a portion of a sheet body by using curves, faces or a datum plane.

Before.

After.

Bounded Plane:-

Create a planner sheet body enclosed by a set of end connected planner curves.

Through Curves:-

It creates a surface or body through multiple sections where the shape changes to pass through each section.

Through Curve Mesh:-

It creates a surface or body through a Mesh of sections in one direction and guides in another direction where the shape fits through the mesh of curve.

Offset:-

We can generate same projection of curve or body in equal distance everywher

Swept:-

Create a body by sweeping a section along one or more guides using various options to control the shape along the guide.

Emboss:-

It is used to generate offset of a surface in a required area.

Patch:-

These modify a solid or sheet body by replacing face with the faces of another sheet or it is used to generate a solid by replacing a surface with the face of a solid.

Emboss sheet:-

This modifies a sheet body by adding faces of a solid body as if the solid was pressed in to the sheet.

Extract:-

This command is used to generate a sheet from the solid model.

Offset surface:-

This command is used to generate a surface from a solid body at a distance.

Offset emboss:-

This command is used to generate a offset a point line or curve on a solid or sheet body with certain size.

Combine projection:-

This command is used to generate a new curve with the help of two curve or with the combination f two curves

Helix:-

Creates a helix with a specified number of turns, pitch, radius, turn direction and orientation.

Face pattern:-

It is creates a pattern of entities where the x and y axis are not available.

Four point surface:-

Creates a surface by specifying four corners or points.

Transition:-

It is used to generate a feature at the intersection of two o r more sectional shapes.

Text:-

It is used to generate text as a design element by taking a text string and producing lines and spline as character out line.

Examine Geometry:-

It analyse a solid body, face or edge for condition of interest.

Data transfer

In data transfer the data to transfer one cad /cam software to another cad /cam software .

Method of transfer the data:-

STEP translator, IGES translator, Direct translator.

o STEP:-

It means Standard Transfer Exchange Package.

o IGES:-

Initial Graphical Exchange Specification. In IGES it is easy available and no parts history is available.

o Direct translator :-

It is used in high profile software like NX/PEO-E/CATIA etc .it is costly software, in this translator the parts history is available.

NX6 DRAFT DETAILING

In this we can convert the 3d modelling into 2d drawing by draft detailing in NX6.

Drafting is a process to show the 2D views of the product with all the

dimensions.

To show the orthographic views.

DRAFTING IN THE NX6

A. Open a model.

B. Now click on start option.

C. Some options will be displayed on screen.

D. Choose drafting option.

E. Choose paper size and click OK.

F. Now start working in drafting.

G. Place the different views and give the dimensioning of model views.

CORE AND CAVITY

Core and cavity is a very important part during the generation of the product. 90% components are to be generated with the help of core and cavity.

Before creating a core and cavity of a component we have to create the model first. After that save that model into another place or copy it, because there are so many files are created during making the core and cavity.

STEPS TO CREATE CORE AND CAVITY:- Inspect the model. Check the component carefully that it is

constrained. Examine the whole geometry. Check the draft angles, fillets, chamfers etc. Go to analysis Examine A dialog box is opened in front us is shown as:-

Create a new folder and copy the model into that folder. This is because there are so many files are crated during core cavity generation.

Draw direction of the component should be along z-axis. This can be set during generation of core and cavity.

Click on

Start All Application mould wizardA new toolbar is displayed on the screen, which contain different tools for core and cavity generation.

INITIALZE PROJECT:- This is the first icon on the tool bar. After selecting this select the component, a dialog box is appear on the screen. Simply press ok Then save the object. A dialog box is shown as:-

MOLD CYCS:- Third icon is mold co-ordinate. When we select it a dialog box is appeared on the screen. Select WCS and press ok. The dialog box is shown as:-

SHRINKAGE ALLOWANCE:-

When we select this option a dialog box is appear on the screen, we fill their shrinkage allowance according to our requirement.

Next step is to make a work piece. When we select this option a dialog box is appear on the screen, simply select ok software automatically judges the condition and make work piece. The dialog box is shown as :-

The work piece is looks like this:-

PARTING MANAGER ICON:-

After making work piece we select the parting manager icon. A dialog box is appear on the screen which contain various options are as:-

Design region:-When we select this option a dialog box is opened in front of us. We select the keep existing option and also choose the draw direction of the component, then select ok. Then another dialog box is appearing on the screen. we just select set color region software automatically select the color regions for core and cavity. we also choose manually both options. Then click on the apply and click cancel.This is shown as:-

We select the draw direction of our component that is always in upward direction or in z-direction.the component looks like this.

EXTRACT REGIONS AND PARTING LINES:-This is second option in the dialog box. When we select this a dialog box is shown. Notice that undefined regions should always be zero. Select the faces for core and cavity. Then select the option of create regions and create parting lines and click ok. The dialog box is shown as:-

The parting lines are created on the object are shown as:-

In some components as shown above the walls of our component are not parallel to our draw direction. In this case we use slider

SLIDER PROCEDURE:-When we set regions for core and cavity then in dialog box it shows core regions, cavity regions, undefined regions, new regions. Double click the new region and give it name slider as shown in above dialog box. Always remember there should be no undefined regions.

CREATE/EDIT PARTING SURFACE:- When we select this option a dialog box is opened is show as:-

We select the option of create parting lines then another dialog box is opened. We select various options like bonded plane, extrude, enlarged plane according to our need. After creating the surface object is looks like this

CAVITY:-

At last we select this icon and a new dialog box is opened is shown as:-

Select all surfaces and click ok. It will create core and cavity. Continuously press ok until the process end.

After finishing go to file save all

This will save whole component and core cavity files generated during process.

The view of core , cavity and slider are shown as:-

The above shown figure is cavity. The core is shown as:-

a