Training report on airport authority of india(a

TRAINING REPORT ON AIRPORT

AUTHORITY OF INDIA(A.A.I)

AIRPORT AUTHORITY OF INDIA

• AAI IS AN ORGANISATION WORKING UNDER THE MINISTERY OF CIVIL AVIATIONS.

• It came into existense in 1st april 1995.• Airport – 1.International 2.National (domestic)126 AIRPORT11 INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT89 DOMESTIC AIRPORT26 CIVIL ENCLAVE

MAIN FUNCTION OF AAI

CNS -COMMUNICATION,NAVIGATION,SURVIELLANCE

AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

MAINTAINENCE OF PASSENGER TERMINALS

CARGO TERMINAL AT INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC

DEPARTMENTS UNDER A.A.I.

THERE ARE 2 DEPARTMETS UNDER A.A.I.1.CNS DEPTTCNS STANDS FOR COMMUNICATION ,

NAVIGATION AND SURVEILLANCE2.ATM DEPTTATM STANDS FOR AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

C.N.S

CNS

COMMUNICATION

SURVEILLANCE

NAVIGATIONAL AIDS

COMMUNICATION

COMMUMNICATION IS DONE THROUGH VHF(VERY HIGH FREQUENCY RANGE)THE RANGE OF VHF IS 30MHZ TO 300 MHZIT IS A TYPE OF LINE OF SIGHT COMMUNICATIONMODULATION TECHNIQUE USED IS AMPLITUDE MODULATION

COMMUNICATION (V.H.F )

V.H.F• 3 BASIC COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR V.H.F

COMMUNICATION ARE : 1. TRANSMITTER

2. RECEIVER

3. ANTENNAS

V.H.FTRANSMITTER

• VHF TRANSMITTER HAVE 2 TRASMITTERS IN A SINGLE EQUIPMENT .

• 1ST TRANSMITTER IS ON AIR WHILE OTHER IS ON STANDBY .

• 2ND TRANMITTER IS ON HOT STANDBY i.e. THE TRANSMITTER IS IN ON STATE BUT NOT IN USE.

VHF TRANSMITTERS.NO Description Function

1 LEDs (green, red) PSU module status

2 LEDs (green, red) TX/PA module status

3 LEDs (green, red, yellow)

BB module status

4 LCD Display 2x10 digits

Display on Control Panel

5 Switch ON/OFF AC switch

6 Switch ON/OFF DC switch

7 Mini-DIN 8-pin connector

Test connector.

8 RP17 Headset/Microphone connector.

9 Four control keys Keyboard on Control Panel

The DT100 equipment can operate in the 108 to 156 MHz frequency band.

V.H.F

RECEIVER

• V.H.F RECEIVER ALSO HAVE 2 RECEIVERS IN A SINGLE EQUIPMENT .

• 1ST RECEIVER IS ON AIR WHILE 2ND IS ON HOT STANDBY FOR USE IN EMERGENCY.

VHF RECEIVERS.NO Description Function

1 LEDs (green, red) RX module status

2 LEDs (green, red, yellow)

BB module status

3 LCD Display 2x10 digits

Display on Control Panel

4 Mini-DIN 8-pin connector

Test connector

5 RP17 Headset/Microphone connector

6 Four control keys Keyboard on Control Panel

The DR100 equipment can operate in the 108 to 156 MHz frequency band.

V.H.F

• ANTENNAS 2 TYPE OF ANTENNAS ARE USED : 1. DIRECTIVE ANTENNA

2. OMNI-DIRECTIONAL ANTENNA

DIRECTIVE ANTENNAOMNI DIRECTIONAL

ANTENNA

SOME IMPORTANT FACTS

• ALLOTED FREQUENCY FOR V.H.F IS 108-156 MHZ .

• OUT OF IT A.A.I OPERATES IN 117.975 MHZ – 136 MHZ .

• EACH AIRPORT HAS ITS DESIGNATED FREQUENCY .

• FOR EXAMPLE-SAFDURJUNG AIRPORT OPERATES AT FREQUENCY 122.3 MHZ .

NAVIGATION (NAV-AIDS)

NAVIGATIONAL AIDS

Navigation is the 'ART' of determining the position of an aircraft over earth's surface and guiding its progress from one place to another.

To accomplish this ART, some sort of 'aids' are required by the PILOTS.

In the twentieth century, electronics also entered in the Aviation field. Direction finders and other navigational aids enabled the navigators to obtain 'Fixes' using electronic aids only. Hence such aids became more and more popular and came into extensive use.

Navigational Aids used in AAI

ILS: Instrument Landing System DME: Distance Measuring Equipment NDB: Non Directional Bearing VOR: VHF OMNI RANGE

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM CONSIST OF:

LOCALIZER GLIDE PATH

I.L.S.

ILS : Instrument Landing System

Glide Path

ILS GP

ILS Localizer

RUN WAY LLZ ANT

1000to1500ft

LLZ BLDG

200 ft

GPGP & DMEANTENNA

1000ft

Runway threshold

MMOM

3500ft4 NM

AIRCRAFT

450ft

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM LAYOUT

ILS Localizer needle

Glide slope Needle

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

The Instrument Landing System (ILS) provides a means for safe landing of aircraft at airports under conditions of low ceilings and limited visibility.

The use of the system materially reduces interruptions of service at airports resulting from bad weather by allowing operations to continue at lower weather minimums.

The ILS also increases the traffic handling capacity of the airport under all weather conditions.

INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM

The function of an ILS is to provide the PILOT or AUTOPILOT of a landing aircraft with the guidance to and along the surface of the runway.

This guidance must be of very high integrity to ensure that each landing has a very high probability of success.

The basic philosophy of ILS is that ground installations, located in the vicinity of the runway, transmit coded signals in such a manner that pilot is given information indicating position of the aircraft with respect to correct approach path.

DISTANCE MEASURING INSTRUMENT(D.M.E)

Aircraft use DME to determine their distance from a land-based transponder

NDB:NON DIRECTIONAL BEACON

NDB GIVES THE RELATIVE BEARING.

NDB GIVES THE CLOCKWISE ANGLE BETWEEN THE NOSE OF AN AIRCRAFT AND THE NDB.

IF I.L.S IS NOT WORKING THEN NDB CAN DO THE TASK.

6

3

12

1521

24

N

S

EW30

33

Direction Finder (NDB)

NDB

VHF OMNI RANGE

VOR EQUIPMENT PROVIDE ABSOLUTE BEARING

TO AN AIRCRAFT with respect to

MAGNETIC NORTHIrrespective of

AIRCRAFT HEADING

V.H.F-OMNI RANGE

SURVEILLANCE

SURVEILLANCE

The act of watching or monitoring the behavior activities, or other changing information.

Surveillance may be applied to observation from a distance by means of electronic equipment.

SURVEILLANCE

RADAR SECURITY EQUIPMENTS

RADAR

◙ Radars are employed throughout the world for the purpose of safely controlling air traffic en-route and in the vicinity of airports.

◙ Aircraft as well as vehicular traffic at large airports are monitored by means of high-resolution radar.

◙ Radar has also been used to guide aircraft to a safe landing in bad weather.

SECURITY EQUIPMENT

HAND HELD METAL DETECTOR.

DOOR FRAME METAL DETECTOR.

X-RAY BAGGAGE INSPECTION SYSTEM.

EXPLOSIVE TRACE DETECTOR.

HAND HELD METAL DETECTOR

It is used to find the particular part of the body at which any metal or other related particle is there.

It operates with chargeable battery system.

DOOR FRAME METAL DETECTOR.

Every passengers has to go through this frame when any metal particle is possessed by passengers.

It gives indication with both visual and audio aid.

X-RAY BAGGAGE INSPECTION SYSTEM

This system has a single X-ray source sending out X-rays, typically in the range of 140 to 160 kilovolt peak (KVP). KVP refers to the amount of penetration an X-ray makes. The higher the KVP, the further the X-ray penetrates.

After the X-rays pass through the item, they are picked up by a detector. This detector then passes the X-rays on to a filter, which blocks out the lower-energy X-rays.

The remaining high-energy X-rays hit a second detector. A computer circuit compares the pick-ups of the two detectors to better represent low-energy objects, such as most organic materials.

X-RAY BIS

AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

(A.T.M)

ANY QUERRIES ?