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Training for Winter Maintenance Supervisors and Operators

Center for Transportation Studies University of Minnesota

research for winter highway maintenance

Project 99008/CR12-04 February 2017

Pooled Fund #TPF-5(218)www.clearroads.org

www.clearroads.org

TechnicalReportDocumentationPage1.ReportNo. 2.GovernmentAccessionNo. 3.Recipient’sCatalogNo.CR12-04

4.TitleandSubtitle 5.ReportDateTrainingforWinterMaintenanceSupervisorsandOperators February2017

6.PerformingOrganizationCode

7.Author(s) 8.PerformingOrganizationReportNo.AnnM.Johnson,JimGrothaus CR12-049.PerformingOrganizationNameandAddress 10.Project/Task/WorkUnitNo.CenterforTransportationStudiesUniversityofMinnesota511WashingtonAveSEMinneapolis,MN55455

TPF-5(218)11.Contract(C)orGrant(G)No.MnDOTNo.99008,Workorderno.168

12.SponsoringOrganizationNameandAddress 13.TypeofReportandPeriodCoveredClearRoadsPooledFundStudyLeadState:MinnesotaDepartmentofTransportationResearchServices&Library395JohnIrelandBoulevard,MS330St.Paul,Minnesota55155-1899

Finalreport[September2014toApril2017]14.SponsoringAgencyCode

15.SupplementaryNotesProjectcompletedforClearRoadspooledfundprogram,TPF-5(218).Seehttp://clearroads.org/.16.Abstract(Limit:250words)Researcherscreated22modulesforuseinteachingmaintenanceworkersandtheirsupervisorsonavarietyoftopicsrelatingtoroadwaysnowandicecontrol.TheprojectwasfundedthroughtheClearRoadsprogram,andwasinitiatedbecauseeverystatehassometrainingforsnowplowoperatorsandsupervisors,buteachtrainingprogramhasbothstrongandweakaspects.Theobjectivewastodevelopatrainingprogramforusebyallmemberagenciesthatprovidestheflexibilityforeachstatetomodifyorupdatethetrainingmodulesasneeded.Toaccomplishthat,theydevelopedalistof22prioritymodules,aswellasacomprehensivelistofmaterialsandresourcestouseintheirdevelopment.Researchersdevelopedateachingguide,summary,andpre-andpost-testdocumentsforeach.Theteachingguideclearlyoutlineshowtodelivereachmodule,withrecommendationsfordiscussionandadditionalresources,suchasvideosandpublishedmaterials.Snowandicecontroltopicsincludeplowing,truckoperations,spreading,materialsuse,prewetting,brineproduction,deicing,anti-icing,levelofservice,iceformation,freezepointdepressants,environmentalissues,driftcontrol,weather,avalanchemanagement,bridgefrost,safety,anddrivereducation.Thisfinalreportdescribestheresearchers’workprocess;foraccesstothetrainingmaterials,pleasecontactGregWaidleyatgreg.waidley@ctcandassociates.com.17.DocumentAnalysis/Descriptors 18.AvailabilityStatementSnowandicecontrol,plowing,truckoperations,spreading,materialsuse,prewetting,brineproduction,deicing,anti-icing,levelofservice,iceformation,freezepointdepressants,environmentalissues,driftcontrol,weather,avalanchemanagement,bridgefrost,safety,drivereducation,wintermaintenance,winteroperations,training,operatortraining

Norestrictions.Documentavailablefrom:NationalTechnicalInformationServices,Alexandria,Virginia22312

19.SecurityClass(thisreport)

20.SecurityClass(thispage) 21.No.ofPages 22.Price

Unclassified Unclassified 14 -0-

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TrainingforWinterMaintenanceSupervisorsandOperators

FINALREPORT

Prepared by:

Ann Johnson and Jim Grothaus

Center for Transportation Studies

University of Minnesota

February2017

Published by:

MinnesotaDepartmentofTransportationResearchServices&Library395JohnIrelandBoulevard,MS330St.Paul,Minnesota55155-1899

This report represents the results of research conducted by the authors and does not necessarily represent the views or policies of the Minnesota Department of Transportation and/or (author’s organization). This report does not contain a standard or specified technique.

[If report mentions any products by name include this second paragraph to the disclaimer. If no products mentioned, this can be deleted.]

The authors and the Minnesota Department of Transportation and/or (author’s organization) do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to this report because they are considered essential to this report.

This page intentionally left blank

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FinalReportandRecommendations

Aspartofthisproject,theUniversityofMinnesotaCenterforTransportationStudies(CTS)created22modulesforuseinteachingmaintenanceworkersandtheirsupervisorsonavarietyoftopicsrelatingtoroadwaysnowandicecontrol.TheprojectwasfundedthroughtheClearRoadsprogram,anongoingpooledfundresearchprojectaimedatrigoroustestingofwintermaintenancematerials,equipmentandmethodsforusebyhighwaymaintenancecrews.

Theprojectwasinitiatedbecauseeverystatehassometrainingforsnowplowoperatorsandsupervisors,buteachtrainingprogramhasbothstrongandweakaspects.ClearRoadswantedtodevelopatrainingprogramforusebyallmemberagenciesthatprovidestheflexibilityforeachstatetomodifyorupdatethetrainingmodulesasneeded.Toaccomplishthat,theydevelopedalistof22prioritymodules,aswellasacomprehensivelistofmaterialsandresourcestouseintheirdevelopment.JimGrothausfromCTSservedastheprincipalinvestigatorandlocalprojectmanager.ConnieFortinofFortinConsultingwastheprimarydeveloperoftheteachingmodules,whichwerecreatedinPowerPointformat.FortinConsultingstaffalsoparticipatedinmodulereviewandformatting.CTSstaffdevelopedateachingguide,summary,andpre-andpost-testdocumentsforeach.Theteachingguideclearlyoutlineshowtodelivereachmodule,withrecommendationsfordiscussionandadditionalresources,suchasvideosandpublishedmaterials.Thisfinalreportdescribestheresearchers’workprocess;foraccesstothetrainingmaterials,[email protected].

ProcessNarrative

ThisprojectwasawardedtotheCenterforTransportationStudies(CTS)attheUniversityofMinnesota'onAugust14,2014.TheresearchteamconsistedofJimGrothaus,PrincipalInvestigator;AnnJohnson,ProjectCoordinator;andConnieFortin,TechnicalWriterandContentDeveloper.ClearRoadshadalreadyestablishedaTechnicalAdvisoryCommitteethatconsistedoftherepresentativeslistedinTable1.

Thefirstthreemonthswerespentidentifyingtopicstobeincluded,andthenidentifyingandprioritizingthecontent.InDecember,theTACidentifiedthe18primarymodules,andakeyTACmemberswasassignedtoeachofthem.ThosekeymembersareidentifiedinTable2below.

AlthoughtheTACagreedonthe18primarymodulesidentifiedbelow,severaladditionalimportanttopicswereidentifiedearlyintheprocess.TheTACprioritizedthefirst18modules,andagreedtorevisitthosetopicsidentifiedbelowlater.Someofthesetopicswereincorporatedintootherrelevantmodules,aslistedinTable3.

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Table1.TechnicalAdvisoryCommitteeRepresentatives(accurateatthetimeofcontractexecution)

Name AgencyDavidWieder(Chair) ColoradoDOTJustinDroste(ViceChair) MichiganDOTW.ClayAdams KansasDOTJosephBaker RhodeIslandDOTCraigBargfrede IowaDOTLynnBernhard UtahDOTBrianBurne MaineDOTPattyCaswell OregonDOTTimChojnacki MissouriDOTJohnS.DeCastro ConnecticutDOTCalebB.Dobbins NewHampshireDOTDavidFrame CaliforniaDOTWayneGammell VermontDOTLarryGangl NorthDakotaDOTJasonHumphrey SouthDakotaDOTJustunJuelfs MontanaDOTMikeLashmet NewYorkDOTScottLucas OhioDOTMontyMills WashingtonDOTTimPeters IllinoisDOTTomPeters MinnesotaDOTTomRenninger NebraskaRichardRoman PennsylvaniaDOTSamSalfity MassachusettsDOTCliffSpoonemore WyomingDOTMikeSproul WisconsinDOTKyleStollings WestVirginiaDOTAllenWilliams VirginiaDOTRonWright IdahoDOT

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Table2.ClearRoadsTACRepresentativesforeachModule

Module Description TACRepresentative1 PlowingProcedures MikeLashmet2 TruckOperations MikeLashmet3 Spreaders MikeLashmet4 MaterialUse MikeLashmet5 Pre-wetting MikeLashmet6 BrineProduction ClayAdams7 Deicing MontyMills8 Anti-icing ClayAdams9 Safety ClayAdams10 De-IcingAgentManagementPolicy DaveWieder11 LOS JustunJuelfs12 PrinciplesofIceFormation CliffSpoonemore13 ScienceofFreezePointDepressants MontyMills14 SnowandIceControlAgentsandthe

EnvironmentMontyMills

15 DriftControl CliffSpoonemore16 WeatherBasics MikeSproul17 BridgeFrost MikeSproul18 AvalancheManagement DavidWieder

Table3.AdditionalImportantSnowRemovalTopics

Topic TACRepresentativeMaintenanceYards JustunJuelfsSnowDisposal ClayAdamsManagingSnowDisposalSites ClayAdamsRecordKeeping MontyMillsWind CliffSpoonemoreWeatherTracking&RWIS MikeSproulWeatherandDecisionMaking MikeSproulMDSS MikeSproulAssistancetoMotorists ClayAdamsSupervisorsandWinterMaintenance DaveWiederTipsfromExperiencedDrivers MontyMills

Workbeganondevelopingcontentforthefirstsetofmodulessoonaftertheprioritylistwasdeveloped.AsrequiredbyTask1,CTSproposedacontentdevelopmentprocess,asoutlinedbelow.

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Afterthefirst18modulesweredeveloped,theTechnicalAdvisoryCommitteeidentified6additionalmodulestodevelop.Those6modulesarelistedbelowinTable4.

ContentDevelopmentProcess

1. Reviewthe“ReferenceMaterials:TrainingforSupervisorsandOperators”whichcorrespondthemoduleunderdevelopment.ThislistispostedontheClearRoadswebsite.TheseareallitemsthattheadvisoryTAChavespecificallydeemedappropriateandvaluableforthenationaltrainingmodules.

2. Foritemsinthe“ReferenceMaterials:TrainingforSupervisorsandOperators”ifitemsarefoundthatareinPDFform,requesttheminadifferentformforuseinthetrainingmodule.

3. ReviewAASHTO’sComputerBasedTrainingmodules.IneachClearRoadsmodulecrossreferenceanysectionsofthesemodulesthatmightbeusefultotheaudience.Crossreferencewillincludethedisk/modulenameandtheappropriatesectioninthetrainingdisk/module

4. ReviewotherClearRoadsresearchtoincludeorlinktoasneededinamodule.

5. Foradditionaltechnicalinformationtofillingapsfromtheaboveresources:

• ConsultwithWoodyWoodruffandNormAshfeld(retiredMnDOT),thecontracttechnicalexpertsonthisproject.

• ConsultwithMichaelSproul(WIDOT)leadpersonforthisproject• ConsultwiththeModulechairpersonaslistedon“WinterMaintenanceOperator

andSupervisorTrainingModules–ClassMatrix”• ConsultwithotherClearRoadAdvisorsthathaveexpertiseinthemodulearea• DrawfromFCI,CTSexpertise,photographs,experienceintheseareas• Conductinternetsearches• Conductphoneoremailinterviewsfromotherexpertsinthisarea

Oncecontentwasidentified,CTSdevelopedthepowerpointpresentationsandteachingnotes.Theprocessisoutlinedasfollows:

1. Asindividualmodulecontentisdeveloped,CTSdistributesittotheTACforreview.2. MembersoftheTACreviewmodulecontentandformat,andsummarizetheir

commentsinanemailtoCTS.3. CTSreviewsthecomments,andsummarizesallremarksintoonedocumentforeach

module.

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4. Reviewcommentsareincorporatedintothemodules,andchangesmadeasagreedtobytheTACandprimaryTACrepresentative.Whenconflictsarise,CTSsummarizesthemandaconferencecallisscheduledtoagreeoncontentmovingforward.

5. FinaleditedmodulesaredistributedtotheTACmembers,andfinalcommentsareobtained.

6. CTSincorporatesfinalreviewcommentsintothemodules.

OncethefinalcontentforthepresentationswasagreedtobytheTACmembers,CTSdevelopedanInstructor'sGuideforeachofthemodules.Thisguideincludesthefollowinginformationforeachmodule:

• Contentsummary• Learningobjectives• Formatandinstructiononhowtousethepowerpointandteachingnotes• Asummaryofeachslide,alongwithteachinganddiscussionnotesforeach• Resourcestobringtoclassforoutliningrequirementsforyourspecificagency• Suggestedactivitiessuchasthepre-orpost-test• Additionalresourcesthatmightenhancethepresentation

Also,CTSdevelopedapre-andpost-test,alongwithanswersforallquestionsinwordformatforeachmodule.Inaddition,CTSdevelopedaparticipantevaluationforusebypresenters.

Allcontentforeachoftheoriginal18modules,includingtheInstructorGuide,pre-andpost-testsandparticipantevaluationswerepostedonasharedfileserverforreviewbytheTACbyAugustof2016.

InJuneof2016,theTACmettodiscussadditionalneedsforthisproject.Anamendmenthasbeenprocessedtodevelopmoretrainingmodules.ThosemodulesarelistedinTable4below.

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Table4.SupplementaryModulesIncludedinAmendment1

Module Topic TACRepresentative

Description

19 SupervisorsandWinterMaintenance

WayneGammell Audience:wintermaintenancesupervisors.Objective:toprovideabroadinsightwithregardstoestablishingLOSgoals,resourcesrequiredtomeetthosegoalsandunderstandingofthestaffdevelopmentneedstoachievesustainability.

20 RecordKeeping

RandyGeaumont Objective:toconveytheimportanceofaccuraterecordkeepingandhowitcanhelpyoumakebetterdecisionsinyoursnowandiceprogram.Informationispresentedabouthowinformeddecision-makingcanhappenbefore,duringandafterwinterstormsandwinterseasons.

21 Assistancetomotorists

ClayAdams Notethatthismayincludeastate-specificpolicyandmaynotfitintoastand-alonemodule.

22 SnowDisposalandManagingSnowDisposal

None Objective:toexplainwhattodowiththesnowthatmustbeloadedintotrucksandhauledtoastoragesite.

23 GettingReadyforWinter

ScottLucas Objective:toinformaboutthepreparationforwinteroperations.Topicswillinclude:• Managerandoperatortraining• Facilityinspectionandrepair• Stockingofdeicersandabrasives• Equipmentinspectionandrepair• Wintersnowplowroutereview• Meetingwithemergencyservicesand

neighboringlocalpublicagencies24 Driver's

EducationCliffSpoonemore Objective:toprovidedriver’seducationtrainingfor

highschools,drivereducationschools,andthepublic.Topicscanbebrokeninto3categories:preparationfor,during,andafterthetrip.

Note:Modules21and22werecancelledbytheClearRoadsTAC,andnotcompleted.

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ModuleDescriptions,TargetAudience,KeyTopicsandEstimatedTimetoDeliver

Asnotedabove,thefirstphaseofthisprojectincludedthedevelopmentof18primarymodules,followedby4supplementarymodules.TheyarelistedbelowinTable5,alongwithkeytopics,thetargetaudienceforeach,andtheestimatedtimetodelivereachmodule.Notethattheinstructorguideforeachmodulecontainsadditionalinformationabouthowtoteacheachmodule,andsuggestsdiscussiontopicsforeachslide.

Table5.ClearRoadsPrimaryModules

Module Topic KeyTopics TargetAudience

EstimatedTime

1 PlowingProcedures

Thismoduleincludesguidanceforone-personandtwopersonplowingoperations,andhowtooperatewithvariousplowconfigurations(noseplow,reversibleandone-way,rightwingonly,leftwingonly,doublewing,underbellyplows).InformationonEchelon/gangplowingandtandemplowingtechniquesandstrategiesisprovided,aswellasrecommendationsforplowspeeds,actionsforwhiteoutconditions,andplowingtipsfromexperienceddrivers.

Alllevelofplowdriversandsupervisors

180minutes

2 TruckOperations

Thetruckoperationsmoduleincludesinformationaboutoperatorandsupervisorresponsibilitiesforpre-andpost-opchecksoftrucks,howtocleantrucksafterstormevents,guidelinesforthemaximumoperationdurationfortrucks,andoperatorcertificationsforplowconfigurations(singleanddoublewingplows.)


90minutes

3 SpreaderProcedures

Differenttypesofspreadersandspreadcontrollersarediscussedinthismodule,alongwithhowtocalibratespreaderunits.Thismodulealsoprovidesinformationonspinspeeds,patternstoreducebounceandscatter,andhowtousesaddletanksandslurryunits.


120minutes

4 MaterialUse Thismoduledescribeshowtoidentifycommon,cost-effectivesnowandicecontrolmaterials;howtousetherightamountofmaterialattherighttime;andstrategiestominimizematerialuse.


120minutes

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5 Pre-wetting Inthismodule,thebenefitstopre-wettingmaterialsthatimprovecoldweatherperformance,reducebounce,andscatterareoutlined,alongwithstrategiestoreducematerialuse.Methodsofpre-wetting(e.g.on-boardsprayunits,pugmillmixingonsite,deliveredpre-wet)aredescribed,aswellastheuseofsaddletanksforon-boardpre-wettingsystems.


120minutes

6 BrineProduction

ThisClearRoadstrainingmoduleprovidesinformationaboutthebasicsofbrinemakingandconsiderationsfordeterminingifbrineproductionshouldbepartofyouragency'smaintenanceactivities.


90minutes

7 De-icing Pro-activede-icingandreactiveanti-icingstrategiesarecoveredinmodule7,alongwithinformationaboutapplicationrates,conditionsforde-icing,andusingliquidsinde-icingoperations.


120minutes

8 Anti-icing Thismoduleoutlinestheadvantagesofanti-icingvs.deicing,materialsthatcanbeusedforanti-icing,anti-icingequipment,andwhenandwheretoapplyanti-icematerials


90minutes

9 Safety Thismodulecontainsinformationaboutsafety,includingissuesthatrequirespecialconsiderationtooperatesafelyduringthewinterandthehazardsofsnowandicecontrol,includingslipperysurfaces,coldweather,poorvisibility(bothintheyardandoutonthehighway),workingatnight,andworkinglonghours.


120minutes

10 De-IcingAgentManagementPolicy

Thismoduleincludesinformationonthestorageofliquidandgranularproducts,qualityAssuranceofbothgranularandliquiddeliveredmaterials,goodhousekeepingpractices,andstorageinspection.


90minutes

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11 LevelofService TheLevelofServicemodulecanbeusedtoinformstaffofthemostcommonfactorsconsideredwhendeterminingacceptablelevelofservice.ItalsoincludeslevelofserviceguidelinesfromseveralstatesDOTswithrangingAnnualAverageDailyTraffic(AADT)andthebenefitsofmanagingareasbasedonneed,regaintimeandavailableresources.


90minutes

12 PrinciplesofIceFormation

Thewaysthaticeisformedareincludedinthismodule,includingtrafficcompaction,snow-packedice,blackice,snowglaze,blowice,andfreezingrain.


120minutes

13 ScienceofFreezePointDepressants

Thismoduledescribesfreezepointdepressantsandhowtheywork.Italsogivesadescriptionofchemicalslipperinessandhowitappliestosnowandicecontrol,aswellasendothermicandexothermicprocesses.Itdescribeschemicaleutecticandeffectivetemperatures,phasediagrams,andfactorswhichinfluenceeffectivenessoffreezepointdepressants.


90minutes

14 SnowandIceControlAgentsandtheEnvironment

Thismodulefocusesontheimpactsofchlorides,organics,andabrasivesontheenvironment.


120minutes

15 DriftControl Module15describestheeffectsofwindonsnow,anddescribesdriftcontrolbestpractices.Italsooutlinestheselectionofdriftcontrolrecommendedpractices,andprovidesseveraldriftcontrolcasestudies.


150minutes

16 WeatherBasics Weatherforecasts,tracking,anddecisionmakingarecoveredinthismodule,inadditiontoRoadWeatherInformationSystems(RWIS)andMaintenanceDecisionSupportSystems(MDSS).


250minutes

17 BridgeFrost Howbridgefrostandblackicedevelopisoneofthetopicsinthismodule,alongwithinformationabouthowtouseweatherforecaststoknowwhenbridgefrostispossible.Whentoanti-iceinanticipationofbridgefrostandhowtoanti-iceortreatbridgesisalsoincluded.

Entry-levelorexperiencedplowdriversandsupervisors

90minutes

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18 AvalancheManagement

Thismoduledescribesavalancheconditions,howavalanchesform,themostlikelytimesforavalancheoccurrences,andavalanchehazardreductionmethodsformaintenancestaff.

Entry-levelorexperiencedplowdriversandsupervisors

120minutes

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TrialDeliveryandEvaluations

CTSstaffpresentedthefirstfourmodulesattheMinnesotaFallMaintenanceExpo,aworkshopattendedbyhundredsofmaintenanceworkersfromalloverthestate.EachsessionwassummarizedandpresentedbyKathySchaefer,aMnDOTemployeeandCircuitTrainerAssistancePrograminstructor.Thesessionswere45minuteseach,andateachsession,attendeeswereaskedtoevaluatethemodulecontentanditsrelevancetoattendee’sjobs.Asummaryofeachsession’sevaluationsisgivenbelow.Notethatparticipantswereaskedtoratethesessionsonascaleof1-5,with1being“leasteffective”and5being“mosteffective”.

Ateachofthe4pilottrainingsessions,participantsnotedthattheirunderstandingofeachtopicincreasedfromattendingthe45-minutesession.Wewerealsoabletogatherdataonwhichportionofthetrainingwasthemostvaluabletoparticipants.And,ineachofthe4session,nearly100%ofsurveyrespondentswouldrecommendthesepresentationstotheircolleagues.

Module1–PlowingProcedures

Attendees:79 Evaluations:64

Criteria AverageScore(onascaleof1-5)Thepresentationcoveredthepromisedobjectives. 4.36Thepresentationwasinterestingandwellorganized. 4.34IreceivedskillsandknowledgethatIcanapplytomyjob.

4.41

Howwouldyourateyourunderstandingofmaterialusebeforetoday?

3.89

Howwouldyourateyourunderstandingofmaterialuseaftertoday?

4.36

Topicsfoundtobemostneededbyaudience Numberoftimesmentioned1-personplowingtechniques 32Plowconfigurations 22

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Plowingspeeds 22Spreadingspeeds 18Plowinginawhiteout 18Tandemplowingtechniques 14

Module2–TruckOperations

Attendees:68 Evaluations:47Criteria AverageScoreThepresentationcoveredthepromisedobjectives. 4.43Thepresentationwasinterestingandwellorganized. 4.43IreceivedskillsandknowledgethatIcanapplytomyjob. 4.32Howwouldyourateyourunderstandingofmaterialusebeforetoday?

4.26

Howwouldyourateyourunderstandingofmaterialuseaftertoday? 4.51Topicsfoundtobemostneededbyaudience Numberoftimes

mentionedOperatorandsupervisorresponsibilitiesforpre-andpost-opchecksoftrucks

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Cleaningtrucksafterstormevents 26Operatorcertificationforplowconfigurations 12Requirementsformaximumdurationofoperation 10

Module3–Spreaders


4.33


mentionedSpreaderspeeds 13Deliverysystems 11Calibration 10Spreaders 6

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Module4–MaterialUse


4.24


mentionedTemperatureimpacts 16Saltuse 14Applicationrates 11Cost-effectivematerials 9Sanduse 9Whentousedryvs.liquidproduct 8Blends 8Commonmaterials 7ApplicationRates 11

Recommendations

Eachofthe22modulescreatedaspartofthisprojectcontainapowerpointpresentationwithembeddedteachingnotes;aninstructorguidethatincludesdirectionsfortheiruse,notes,additionalresources,andsuggestedactivities;andasetofparticipanttestsandevaluationstouseifneeded.

ThemoduleswillbepostedandeasilyavailabletotheClearRoadsmemberstates.ThemoduleswillalsobeavailabletothegreaterwintermaintenancecommunityiftheycontacttheClearRoadsAdministratortorequestaccess.ThismaterialiscurrentasofApril2017,butitmaybecomeoutofdate,andaprocessforreviewisneeded.Also,gatheringthedataaboutwhoisusingeachmodule,howtheyareusingit,andtheevaluationstheyreceiveisimportantinassessingthevalueofthisproject.

Forthatpurpose,werecommendthatClearRoadsdesignateonememberoftheprojectTACtoreviewthecontentforonemoduleannually,andmakeanychangestothepresentations,instructorguide,andtests.WealsorecommendthattheClearRoadsdesigneeforeachmodulereviewtheevaluationsthatarereceiveduponcompletionanduse.Wealsorecommendthat

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ClearRoadsbudgetfundsfortheresearchteamtocontinuetointegratecomments,changes,andfeedbackintoeachofthemodulesafterashorttrialperiodinwhichmemberstatesareencouragedtousethemodules.

Otherrecommendationsinclude:

1. DevelopingaspecificandformalreviewprocessthattrackscommentsandfeedbackfromtheTAC,andprovidesdocumentationforhowissuesandquestionsareresolvedbytheTACandreportauthor.

2. Developinganefficientmethodforsharinglargefilesbetweentheauthor,PrincipalInvestigator,andTAC.

3. ClearRoadsconductanannualreviewofmaterialsforclarityandaccuracy,andtoconfirmthatlinksandresourcesarestillavailableandactive.

4. ClearRoadscreateamarketingstrategyordocumenteachyearforpublicizingtheavailableproductstoClearRoadsmemberstates.WerecommendthishappeninJulyorAugustofeachyear.

5. ClearRoadsworkwithLocalTechnicalAssistanceProgramstopublicizethisseriesofmodules,andtoassistwithtraining.

6. ClearRoadsconductanannualtrainingwebinarforClearRoadsmemberstodiscussthisproductandothersastheyarecompleted.

research for winter highway maintenance

Lead state:Minnesota Department of Transportation

Research Services395 John Ireland Blvd.

St. Paul, MN 55155

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