1 Trainer’s Manual Module on Air Quality and Noise Legislation COOPERATION WITH NATIONAL JUDGES IN THE FIELD OF EU ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
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Trainer’s Manual Module on Air Quality and Noise Legislation
COOPERATION WITH NATIONAL JUDGES IN THE FIELD OF EU ENVIRONMENTAL LAW
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Table of contents I. Introduction .................................................................................................................. 4
1. Objectives .................................................................................................................. 4
2. Structure .................................................................................................................... 5
II. Methodology ............................................................................................................... 6
1. Time frame ................................................................................................................ 6
2. Trainer’s profile ......................................................................................................... 6
3. Teaching methods ..................................................................................................... 7
4. Documents .............................................................................................................. 10
III. User’s pack: the function of different elements of the training module .................. 11
1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 11
2. Blended e-learning.................................................................................................. 11
3. Background documentation ................................................................................... 12
4. Workshop exercise material ................................................................................... 13
5. Trainer’s contributions ............................................................................................ 13
6. Additional documents ............................................................................................ 14
IV. Organising and implementing workshop: structure, content and methodology ..... 15
Setting the scene........................................................................................................ 16
Unit 1: Impacts of air and noise pollution on human health: a scientific and technical introduction................................................................................................ 19
Unit 2: General overview of the Air Quality Directive ............................................. 22
Unit 3: Air Quality Directive – main objectives, key features and links with other relevant EU legislation ............................................................................................... 29
Unit 4: Case Study on the Air Quality Directive ........................................................ 36
Unit 5: Adoption of an air quality plan according to Article 23 of the Air Quality Directive ..................................................................................................................... 38
Unit 6: Case study on Article 23 of the Air Quality Directive ................................... 45
Unit 7: General overview of the Environmental Noise Directive ............................. 47
Unit 8: Implementation of the Environmental Noise Directive in Member States .. 51
Unit 9: Case study on the Environmental Noise Directive ........................................ 55
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Unit 10: Principles of EU Environmental Law as underlying principles of the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive: Prevention, Precaution, Correction, Subsidiarity, Proportionality ................................................................... 57
Unit 11: What is the role for a judge implementing the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive ............................................................................ 61
Unit 12: Case study on access to justice for citizens and NGOs with the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive ..................................................... 65
Unit 13: Closing session – evaluation of the workshop ............................................ 69
1. Template of indicative workshop programme in English ......................................... 70
2. Template of indicative workshop programme in French ………………………………..72
3. Background material to be contained in the user’s pack in English …………………...74
4. Background material to be contained in the user’s pack in French …………………...84
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I. Introduction
This training module on Air Quality and Noise Legislation, developed by ERA on behalf of the European Commission, is addressed to judicial training institutes, networks of judges, national judges, experts from NGOs, academic experts, trainers, any other relevant actors (for example, prosecutors) and end users of European Union Member States wishing to organise training sessions in the area of EU environmental law with particular focus on air quality and noise legislation.
1. Objectives
The training module addresses judges and prosecutors dealing with environmental issues with previous general, and in certain cases specific, knowledge regarding the subject. The module will provide judges and prosecutors with relevant information on the latest developments of the EU environmental law acquis, relevant jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the EU and an in-depth analysis of the topic with a special focus on Air Quality and Noise Legislation. This training module will also assist national judges as well as national prosecutors to apply, in detail, the relevant EU instruments. The training module will gather materials in order to conceive a two and a half day workshop with the goal to develop and raise understanding on the key legal aspects of international and the EU law on air quality and noise legislation. The key topics to be covered are:
Impacts of air and noise pollution on human health: a scientific and technical
introduction
Air Quality Directive (AQD)
Environmental Noise Directive (END)
Common understanding of the two directives
After this training on air quality and noise legislation, participants will have greater knowledge of international and EU actors and instruments presented. They will have gained a better understanding of the legal aspects related to air and noise pollution and implementing EU instruments and they will be in a better position to actively apply EU rules transposed into their respective national legislation. They will also have an excellent opportunity to exchange views regarding implementation practices in their respective Member States.
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2. Structure The workshop implementing the training module is designed to last two-and-a-half days. The training module consists of 13 interrelated but self-standing units. These units can be combined into an implementing workshop depending on the prior knowledge of participants, the time available and the specific training approach.
Setting the scene • Unit 1: Impacts of air and noise pollution on human health: a scientific and
technical introduction Air Quality Directive (AQD)
• Unit 2: General overview of the Air Quality Directive • Unit 3: Air Quality Directive – main objectives, key features and links with other
relevant EU legislation • Unit 4: Case study on the air quality directive • Unit 5: Adoption of an air quality plan according to Article 23 AQD • Unit 6: Case study on Article 23 AQD
Environmental Noise Directive (END) • Unit 7: General overview of the Environmental Noise Directive • Unit 8: Implementation of END in Member States • Unit 9: Case study on the Environmental Noise Directive
Common Understanding of the Two Directives • Unit 10: Principles of EU environmental law as underlying principles of the AQD
and END • Unit 11: What is the role for a judge implementing the AQD and END? • Unit 12: Case study on access to justice for citizens and NGOs with the AQD and
the END • Unit 13: Closing session – evaluation of the workshop
The varying training methods that can be used in future workshops based on this material will also be presented in the module, together with recommendations on how and in which part of the training they may be best employed. Face-to-face presentations can be combined with practical exercises requiring the active contribution of participants, IT-supported learning, allowing participants to familiarise themselves with available tools and interactive sessions promoting the exchange of good practice and experience.
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II. Methodology
1. Time frame The workshop is designed to last approximately 2.5 days. The exact structure and length will, of course, be decided by the training providers.
Elements that should be taken into account in each instance when finalising the workshop programme and deciding on the allocation of time between the different sub-sessions include the need to effectively cover all the main features of the subject matter and provide sufficient time for participants to ask questions and interact with the trainers and with each other. The fact that long sessions have proven to be less effective in adult training should be borne in mind. Frequent breaks or changes in teaching style should therefore be introduced in the workshop.
An indicative time allocation for each unit will be provided in Part IV of this trainer’s manual.
2. Trainer’s profile Crucial for the success of the training workshop is the selection of trainers. It has been proven that trainers with a common professional background to that of the participants tend to have a better understanding of their training needs and be more effective when addressing them. For this reason, the composition of the target group is a factor to be considered when selecting the trainers for implementing the workshop. It is also important to identify the right trainer for each unit. In the units where the emphasis is on practical issues, the involvement of a practitioner, a lawyer or a judge with personal experience in the issue would be ideal. If the focus of a presentation is the transmission of information or the introduction to concepts or a broader area of law, an academic or a suitable policy officer even with a scientific background could also constitute a good option.
More concrete input on the trainer’s profile seemingly best fitting to each unit will be provided in Part IV of this trainer’s manual.
In addition to professional qualifications, the quality of an implementing workshop will also depend on the individual trainer’s didactic competences and pedagogical skills. Trainers should not only be knowledgeable, but also able to effectively transmit information, assist end users in developing new skills and motivate them to actively follow the training. They would have to provide the necessary information in a clear and structured manner, highlight the links between participants’ daily work and the issues being discussed, retain some flexibility in order to adapt to the specific needs and
7 interests of the end users attending the workshop as they become apparent, and be open and encouraging in discussing and exchanging views with them in the course of the session. Other skills that potential trainers should ideally possess and which should be considered are the trainer’s linguistic skills when workshops are international, and their familiarity with IT products, as the use of technology would be required in at least some parts of the training (IT-training sessions, use of PowerPoint or other audio-visual material, the e-learning course, etc.). For the successful implementation of the workshop and in order to better address participants’ training needs, some diversity among the trainers should be sought. Variety between speakers’ professional backgrounds, gender and, in the context of cross-border training, nationality would enrich the event, offering different perspectives on the issues, employing different teaching methods and ensuring a more comprehensive analysis of air quality and noise legislation. Finally, although not always easy to assess, the potential trainer’s personal motivation could be a factor worth considering. For the implementation of a workshop on the basis of the training module, significant flexibility and commitment, as well as the willingness to interact with end users is expected from the trainers. Engaging experts, who have an interest in the project and are prepared to make the necessary effort for a successful outcome, would bring an added value to the workshop, while further motivating the participants.
Criteria for selecting the workshop trainers:
Good knowledge and expertise in the subject and objectives of each sub-session Didactic competences and pedagogical skills Linguistic and IT skills Professional background similar to that of the workshop’s participants Diversity in the group of trainers Motivation
3. Teaching methods
Frontal (face-to-face) presentation
The optimal method for the provision of a large amount of information in a limited period of time is face-to-face presentations, conducted in plenary. This method provides the trainer with the necessary time and flexibility to structure and present the content of the sub-session as s/he sees fit.
Supporting material such as outlines and PowerPoint or other presentation tools should be employed during the lecture. This would not only enable participants to follow the
8 presentation better, but constitute a reference document for the future as well, should end users wish to review the main issues of the sub-session.
One of the objectives of the workshop is to familiarise participants with existing legislation. In this context, reference to the material included in the users pack should be made throughout the lecture and participants should be encouraged to go through the legal texts, identify the provisions and acquire a better understanding of their structure and applicability.
Enriching the lecture with practical examples could also be a means of emphasising the link between theory and practice and better illustrating the application of various legal instruments. Brief exercises or questions could also be formulated by the trainers, requiring participants to reflect and discuss them before presenting the answer. Trainers would thus not only create an atmosphere of dialogue within the group, but also assess whether the concepts have been properly explained.
Time for discussion or Q&A sessions should in all cases be ensured for end users wishing to ask for clarification or further information. Depending on the content and structure of each lecture, questions may be raised during the presentation or in a subsequent discussion session moderated by the trainer or the workshop leader.
Although the key role in face-to-face presentations is played by the trainer, end users should also be encouraged to actively contribute to different sub-sessions. Participants learn not only from the provision of the training per se, but also from hearing questions and problems they have not yet found themselves confronted with. For this reason it is important that all end users attending the workshop are encouraged and feel comfortable enough to share thoughts and ideas and contribute their own experiences. This element is of particular importance in international workshops, where participants have the possibility to expand their knowledge with information on the application of EU environmental law in other Member States, learning from each other.
Workshop case studies
In addition to information on the air quality and noise legislation framework, the training also aims at providing participants with some practical experience in the particularities of the cases on the subject.
In order to further highlight issues requiring special attention and allow participants to develop specific skills, it is important to ensure their involvement in this part of the training. For this reason, specially designed workshop case studies will complement each thematic unit. Another advantage of this method is that the preparation of a case study constitutes an interactive way of learning. After having listened to face-to-face presentations or read background material, participants would appreciate a change of presentation technique.
Case studies prepared in working groups
9 During the workshop exercises, participants will be given the opportunity to use their skills and knowledge to solve case studies related to air quality and noise legislation. A short introduction on the organisational aspects of the task shall be provided to participants by the trainer with the questions and answers session to be followed during the plenary session: which issues shall be discussed in the groups, what results shall be aimed for and which deliverables shall be presented during the plenary session to be followed after the discussions. Participants should subsequently be divided into smaller working groups and working space provided for each of them. Working in smaller groups has significant advantages for participants: the possibility to focus on case studies will enable them to deepen their recently acquired knowledge by applying it to concrete cases. This approximates a real-life scenario and can constitute valuable experience for the future. The working group format would allow each participant to be actively involved in the debate and improve their communication skills. As one of the key objectives of the exercise is the exchange of opinions between end users, it is important that the workshop leader allocates participants to the working groups to support this interaction: in international implementing workshops and as long as participants working languages allow it, end users from different Member States or from jurisdictions with different legal traditions should be brought together in the working groups. If a workshop is organised as a national judicial training, judges from different courts could be asked to work together. Further to solving the case, this diversity would allow participants to obtain better insights into how the questions would be dealt with and how the EU legislation involved is applied in another country, by a different legal profession, in a different city or court.
As four case studies are recommended for the workshops implementing this training module, altering the composition of the working groups in each exercise would be a way to further increase participants interactivity.
The trainer shall set exact timing for each part of the task during the introductory part of the case study. Depending on the time available, the trainer coordinating each exercise will have to decide whether all working groups should deal with all case studies or if specific case studies should be allocated to different groups in order to ensure that end users are able to thoroughly examine all issues. Once the working groups have been set up, they should organise themselves, develop a working method and identify which member(s) of the group will be responsible for reporting the conclusions of their discussion to the other end users. The trainer leading the exercise should be present, following the interaction in each group to a certain extent, offering advice on time management, being available to provide clarification and answering questions and being prepared to assist participants if they face major
10 difficulties or their discussion becomes derailed. If trainers of other subjects of the workshop are present, they may also get involved into discussions of the chosen smaller group for monitoring/ coaching the discussion and helping out on the subject matter. When the groups have completed their work, all participants should come together again to discuss their conclusions. This will allow them to compare their solutions to the features of the case studies, get further ideas from their colleagues in the other groups and broaden their understanding of the subject matter. To achieve the objectives of this closing discussion, it is important to ensure that all groups take the floor and present the results of their work. It would be most effective to discuss one case at a time, invite the rapporteur of one of the groups to present their conclusions and the main elements of their discussion and then ask the end users of the other groups for additional comments, different opinions etc. In conclusion, the trainer should summarise the main points raised in the discussion and give his own feedback, so that participants can confirm whether they successfully dealt with the case or whether there could be further improvement. IT-supported learning
IT-supported learning can enhance the efficiency of training and give end users the opportunity to gain practical experience by making use of the possibilities the internet offers on issues related to environmental law generally. In this way, end users will have the opportunity of becoming familiar with the various EU websites in the area (such as the E-Justice Portal, the EJTN website, Eur-Lex, the Curia website, ECLI etc.), where they can acquire further information and advice on how to apply EU instruments covered by the workshop. By efficiently using these websites, participants will actively learn how to find the relevant legal texts and cases and receive assistance on the practical problems they may face when applying EU law in this area.
4. Documents
The documents to be made available at the training workshop consist of the contents of the user’s pack. The user’s pack will, in particular, include:
blended e-learning material; workshop reader; background documentation set; workshop programme; list of participants; list of trainers/ speakers; CVs of the trainers; evaluation form.
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III. User’s pack: the function of different elements of the training module
1. Introduction The term ‘user’s pack’ means the entire wealth of material that will be made available to participants of an implemented workshop. This will consist mostly of the blended e-learning material, training material (related legal documents, links to online sources on a USB stick, trainers contributions and case studies) as well as supporting documents, such as the workshop programme, the list of participants, workshop evaluation forms etc. It is, of course, at the discretion of the workshop organisers and trainers to use the materials provided in the manner they deem most fitting and to also include additional documents where necessary. All key EU legal instruments required for the provision of the training on ‘Air Quality and Noise Legislation’ are already part of the user’s pack, but as implementing workshops may be structured with a specific focus, further material could be of use. The materials for inclusion in the user’s pack can and should be provided mainly in electronic format, either using a USB stick or by making the content available online and granting all workshop participants access to it. Material that needs to be regularly referred to during the workshop or that would make it easier to follow proceedings should be provided in a hardcopy for ease of reference during the event: workshop programme; list of participants; trainers contributions; texts of the legal acts to be analysed; case studies; evaluation forms.
When presenting the material that should accompany each unit, distinction should be made between ‘necessary material’ to be provided in a hardcopy and ‘additional material’ that should be included in the electronic documentation.
2. Blended e-learning The training module has been structured to include ‘blended learning’ as a methodological approach, given that it combines the interactivity of a face-to-face training during the implementing workshops with the flexibility provided by e-learning material. As the e-learning material has different functions and can be used by the workshop participants at several stages of their learning process, it is important that they have access to it on different occasions: before the implementation of the workshop, in order to prepare for the meeting, while it takes place, in order to make
12 best use of the available material with the help of the trainers, and after the workshop, as a point of reference for finding information on air quality and noise legislation. The key function of this e-learning material is to introduce end users to a number of legal instruments with regard to various aspects of air quality and environmental noise directives. It will include: The main international and EU legal instruments as well as case law that will be
analysed during the workshop which participants should go through before they attend the course, as well as the corresponding quiz to test their knowledge. The aim is not to replace the face-to-face sessions on these subjects but to complement them by ensuring that all participants have a common basic level of knowledge before they start and can make the most of the discussion to clarify issues in the face-to-face workshops.
Access to the bibliography of legal instruments and other relevant source material which participants can refer to at any time.
Access to the remainder of the e-learning version of the training module to be provided after the face-to-face workshop for participants to use as a refresher and to re-use with their colleagues alongside the face-to-face training materials.
Once the group of participants has been selected, they should receive information on how to access the e-learning materials and be encouraged to go through its contents 7-10 days before the implementation of the workshop. In this way, they will have the possibility to refresh or acquire some basic knowledge and be better prepared for the workshop programme.
3. Background documentation
Legal texts will make up the large majority of the content of the training materials: international conventions, treaty articles, regulations, directives, case law of the Court of Justice of the European Union etc. will constitute the background to analysis in the workshop. A comprehensive collection of all background documents, which can be referred to after the conclusion of the workshop, should be included in the electronic documentation. Participants are likely to come back to these texts in order to refresh their memory, find a specific provision or judgment, and seek guidance or inspiration if confronted with a case on the subject at a later stage. This format could also support an easy further dissemination of this material, which workshop participants could forward to their colleagues if requested. Further to legal texts, links to online databases, tools and sources, such as the E-justice portal, Eur-Lex, Curia, ECLI and other similar websites should as also be included as background material in the electronic documentation.
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Proposals on which specific material to include in this part of the user’s pack are included in Part (d) on the analysis of each sub-session of the workshop.
The material should be provided in the language of the workshop. When international workshops are organised, links to EU databases (such as http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ or http://curia.europa.eu/) could be included, so that end users can access EU legal texts in the language of their choice. Further to their inclusion in the electronic documentation, providing the few documents in a hardcopy that are absolutely essential during the workshop is recommended. Being able to quickly find a provision, see the structure of a legal instrument, make notes etc. could help end users to better follow the training and further familiarise themselves with the legal instruments being discussed.
4. Workshop exercise material Four workshop exercises are proposed for the workshops implementing the training module on ‘Air Quality and Noise Legislation’. All of them are structured on the basis of case studies. Preparatory material supporting the workshops’ case studies, such as the tasks of the different cases that are to be discussed or additional legal texts that will be needed for solving the cases must be provided for the participants in a hardcopy during the workshop.
5. Trainer’s contributions In addition to the background documents, every time an implementing workshop on ‘Air Quality and Noise Legislation’ is organised, the trainers involved should be asked to prepare their own supporting material, in the form of PowerPoint presentations, outlines, notes or full texts of their lectures. Trainers should be free to structure the material supporting their presentations as they prefer. The main objective would be to help end users attending the workshop to better follow the presentation and, for this reason, emphasis should be given, in particular, to the provision of a clear structure. Trainers may also be advised to prepare a well-judged number of slides leaving some time for questions and answers session during the presentation or if an unplanned discussion flares up. Trainers’ contributions could also be used as a reference document for identifying the main points of the subject matter. Speakers’ contributions should additionally be included in the user’s pack. They should also be included in a hardcopy in the documentation pack.
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Providing some kind of written support for the lectures is always recommended and for this reason always mentioned under ‘necessary documents’. Especially an outline of the PowerPoint presentation reflecting the structure of the sub-session allows participants to better understand the structure and follow the lecture.
6. Additional documents Further to the training material, a number of documents supporting the organisation of the workshop must be made available to participants. These would be of immediate and continuous use during the workshop and should therefore be provided in a hardcopy. The finalised workshop programme must be provided at the beginning of the training, allowing participants to plan accordingly and better understand the training flow. A list of all workshop participants should be provided, facilitating the interaction between end users attending the workshop. Moreover, by including certain contact details (professional position and postal address) participants are given the opportunity to maintain contact even after the conclusion of the workshop. Finally, in order to achieve an immediate evaluation of the workshop, a questionnaire seeking participant feedback on the workshop content, organisational features and overall effectiveness shall be distributed.
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IV. Organising and implementing workshop: structure, content and methodology
For the training module on ‘Air Quality and Noise Legislation’ and its implementing workshops, a structure on the basis of thematic units is proposed. Each thematic unit will focus on a specific topic of International and EU law in this area. Each implementing workshop will thus consist of several units, ensuring the alternation of theoretical and practical parts. The final structure will, however, have to be decided by taking into consideration end users prior knowledge and training priorities. With the addition of opening and closing units, serving both pedagogical and organisational purposes, an implementing workshop of 2.5 days could be designed as detailed below:
Setting the scene • Unit 1: Impacts of air and noise pollution on human health: a scientific and
technical introduction Air Quality Directive (AQD)
• Unit 2: General overview of the Air Quality Directive • Unit 3: Air Quality Directive – main objectives, key features and links with other
relevant EU legislation • Unit 4: Case study on the air quality directive • Unit 5: Adoption of an air quality plan according to Article 23 AQD • Unit 6: Case study on Article 23 AQD
Environmental Noise Directive (END) • Unit 7: General overview of the Environmental Noise Directive • Unit 8: Implementation of END in Member States • Unit 9: Case study on the Environmental Noise Directive
Common Understanding of the Two Directives • Unit 10: Principles of EU environmental law as underlying principles of the AQD
and END • Unit 11: What is the role for a judge implementing the AQD and END? • Unit 12: Case study on access to justice for citizens and NGOs with the AQD and
the END • Unit 13: Closing session – evaluation of the workshop
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Setting the scene
Short description of the contents
The workshop should always start by welcoming the participants and providing a brief introduction and explanation of the contents of the programme, organisation and implementation of the workshop.
General objectives
The main objective of this first session is to welcome trainers and participants to the workshop, to set the scene by reminding them of the framework of the training course and to encourage their interaction and active participation in the course.
Specific learning points
Introduction of organisers of the workshop
The welcoming session shall be used to introduce the training manager of the workshop, who is responsible for the successful implementation of the content of the programme, chairing of presentations, managing of the questions and answers sessions, arranging and implementing of the practical exercises, dealing with ad hoc issues during the whole workshop. The training manager may be assisted by a chair of the workshop, who, ideally, shall be an expert on the topic (a judge, a legal practitioner or an academic).
Introduction of participants and trainers
The opening session should also be used in order to allow participants to introduce themselves, present their national and professional background and illustrate their expectations from the workshop. In this way, end users will be familiar with addressing the group, which should facilitate their active participation in the following sessions and they will also get to know their colleagues’ background a little better. Making trainers and participants aware of which nationalities and professional groups are represented in the workshop can be of great relevance in the discussion and an asset in ensuring an effective exchange of information and experience. The possibility to discover from participants the experience which they bring with them to the training course and what they are primarily seeking to achieve by their participation could help the workshop leader to better adapt the programme to meet participants specific needs, by emphasising certain aspects, making adjustments on the time allocated in the different sub-sessions, etc.
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This may be achieved by inviting participants to ask a key question they expect to see addressed during the workshop or to indicate which element made them apply for the workshop.
Presentation of the workshop’s programme
The workshop should include, at the beginning, a presentation of its programme, scope and objectives. The focus of each unit will be indicated and the expected contribution of the participants in each part of the programme emphasised. It is important that end users realise the goal of each unit and the flow of the workshop programme in order to be better equipped to follow the discussions and make sure they do not miss the opportunity to raise questions or clarify any ambiguity.
Presentation of the training material
The opening session is also the opportunity to present the material included in the user’s pack and explain its function, so that end users may use it throughout the workshop. The content of the electronic documentation should be outlined (all related legal texts, links to online sources, suggested solutions to the case studies, etc.) and explanations provided on the documents that will have been made available to the participants in a hardcopy for reference during the workshop (e.g. trainers presentations and outlines, key legal texts, the case studies for the workshop exercises, documents such as the list of participants, the workshop assessment tools etc.).
Presentation of the workshop’s organisational aspects
Further to this, all logistical aspects of the workshop will be presented. The locations that will be used during the workshop for the different sessions, the exercises and the lunch and coffee breaks will be indicated, the possibility to use computers, Wi-Fi, a library, a business station etc. laid out and information on the organised lunches and dinners provided. It is important here to ensure that end users are reminded of and able to profit from all measures taken to facilitate their participation in the workshop, and of the importance of the joint activities in allowing a less formal interaction between trainers and fellow participants.
Methodology
While participants will be in plenary; everyone is invited to introduce themselves. The programme of the workshop will be presented by the training manager of the workshop. After welcoming participants and trainers to the workshop, they will be given the opportunity to introduce themselves and express their expectations regarding the workshop. This will improve the atmosphere of the workshop from the very beginning, which is a key element for its success. Participants are more likely to be active during the event if they know their colleagues’ backgrounds.
18 Furthermore, the outline and main objectives of the workshop will be presented. This introduction will contain information on both the programme and the logistics (e.g. which rooms will be available for the participants during the workshop, library, availability of computers and Wi-Fi, coffee breaks and meals, evening programme).
Duration
The time allocated to the opening session will depend on the number of participants attending the workshop. Taking into account that the workshop should ideally have 20 to 30 participants, the opening session should last approximately 30 minutes, in order to ensure sufficient time for all trainers and participants to present themselves and for the provision of all necessary information on the event.
Documentation
Necessary material (to be made available in hardcopy during the sub-session):
01 The final version of the workshop programme
02 The list of trainers
03 Trainers CV’s
04 List of participants
The training manager should demonstrate the entire user pack in this unit, including the electronic documentation, in order to inform participants of all the different features of the pack.
Trainer’s profile
The opening session will be held in plenary and coordinated by the training manager, the person responsible for ensuring the coherent management of the workshop. There would be an added value in assigning the role of the ‘workshop manager’ to the person responsible for the organisation of the workshop. He or she would be most suitable to present the programme's structure and main objectives, having made all related decisions and given priority to specific features of the training over others.
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Unit 1: Impacts of air and noise pollution on human health: a scientific and technical introduction
Short description of the contents and general objectives
The aim of this presentation is to introduce participants to main impacts of air and noise pollution on human beings health. During this presentation the interface between science and policy will be provided, supported by technical data and survey results available to public.
Specific learning points
• Air pollution – successes and challenges • Air pollution – a pressing public health problem • Air quality in Europe: particulate matters (PM10 and PM2.5), high ozone (O3),
nitrogen dioxide (NO2) • Air pollution, environment and health • Noise pollution in Europe • Noise database: major roads’, railways’, airports’ and other agglomerations’
completeness • Analysis of the END Noise Action Plans • The importance of quiet areas
Methodology
As the focus of this unit lies in the provision of introductory information on the scale of the problem related to air quality and noise pollution, explaining the impacts of the latter on human health, the best option would be to organise it as a face-to-face frontal training. The scope of this unit is rather large and a great deal of information that is required for effectively comprehending the rest of the programme needs to be provided. For this reason it is essential that this unit is effectively structured. Participants must acquire the knowledge that will allow them to understand the scope of the problem. In order to achieve this, it is essential that the trainer ensures that there is sufficient time for participants to raise questions or discuss any unclear points. The statistical data, diagrams and various figures, showing the scale of the problem shall be useful for implementation of this unit.
Duration
The duration of this session should be 45-60 minutes (including lecturing time and discussion sessions with the participants).
20 Documentation
Necessary material (to be made available in a hardcopy during the sub-session):
01 PowerPoint Presentation ‘Effects of air and noise pollution on human health: a scientific and technical introduction’
02 Introduction. Thematic Briefing – Air pollution (2015), European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen
03 Introduction. Thematic Briefing – Environmental Noise (2015), European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen
Additional material (to be included in the electronic documentation – USB stick):
04 European Environment State and Outlook report (SOER 2015), European Environment Agency, Copenhagen
05 Air quality planning development guidance (2015), prepared by the Institute of Air Quality Management, UK
06 EEA (2014), Air quality in Europe - 2014 report, EEA Report No 5/2014, European Environmental Agency
07 EEA (2014), Noise in Europe 2014, EEA Report No 10/2014, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen
08 The Clean Air Handbook. A practical guide to EU air quality law (2014, Client Earth)
09 Air Pollution country fact sheets (2014), prepared by the European Environmental Agency
10 Exceedance of air quality limit values in urban areas (November 2014), report by the European Environmental Agency
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DECISION No 1386/2013/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 November 2013 on a General Union Environment Action Programme to 2020 ‘Living well, within the limits of our planet’ (7th Environment Action Programme)
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European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on a Clean Air Programme for Europe COM (2013) 918 final, 18 December 2013
13 Zones in Relation to EU Air Quality Thresholds (2012) (with special regard to the
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maps with the reported exceedances of air quality limit values)
Environmental Noise
14 Introduction. Thematic Briefing – Environmental Noise (2015), European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen
Trainer’s profile
The trainer/facilitator in this session should be, where possible, an expert from DG Environment, European Commission, an academic with practical experience or a technical expert, working in enforcement authorities and directly dealing with air and noise pollution issues.
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Unit 2: General overview of the Air Quality Directive
Short description of the contents and general objectives
During this presentation a general introduction on Air Quality Directive shall be presented. The presentation shall start with the introduction to Air Quality Directive, its key elements and objectives. The aim is to explain participants the frame of the whole Directive, its constituent parts and key parts before focusing on some of the main Articles.
Specific learning points
• Ambient Air Quality Directive 2008/50/EC: - History of the Air Quality Directive (Framework directive, “Four Daughters”,
Exchange of Information Directive etc); - Key elements; - EU legal framework on air quality.
• Basics of Directive 2008/50/EC: - various limit and target values (Annex XI); - the zones and agglomerations and the responsible authorities, where values
need to be respected (Articles 3 + 4); - breach of limit values (Article 13 + Annex XI); - specific provisions on target values (Article 17); - information and alert thresholds (Article 19); - specific provisions on natural sources and winter sanding (Articles 20 + 21); - transboundary air pollution (Article 25); - air quality plan if limit (or target value) is exceeded (Article 23); - information to public (Article 26); - reporting to the Commission (Article 27).
• Limit Values • Critical Levels • Target Values • Alert and information thresholds (Article 19, Article 24, Annex XII) • Information and alert thresholds • Margins of tolerance • Monitoring of air quality
Methodology
This unit should be conducted as a face-to-face frontal presentation in plenary. The order in which the different points of the unit are presented should be defined by the trainer. The subsequent discussion should be moderated either by the trainer or the chair of the event.
23 Time frame
The time allocated to this unit will be approximately 45-60 minutes and should include some time for discussion with the participants.
Documentation
Necessary material (to be made available in hardcopy during the sub-session):
01 PowerPoint Presentation ‘General overview of the Air Quality Directive’
02 DIRECTIVE 2008/50/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe
Additional material (to be included in the electronic documentation – USB stick):
EU Documents
03
DIRECTIVE 2011/92/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (codification) (Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive)
04
DIRECTIVE 2014/52/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 amending Directive 2011/92/EU on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (amending Environmental Impact Assessment Directive)
05 Informal consolidated version of the EIA Directive
06
European Commission, Report from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the application and effectiveness of the EIA Directive (Directive 85/337/EEC, as amended by Directives 97/11/EC and 2003/35/EC) COM (2009) 378 final
07 DIRECTIVE 2010/75/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (Recast)
08
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 9 October 2014 establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions, for the refining of mineral oil and gas
09
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 26 March 2013 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions for the production of cement, lime and magnesium oxide
24
10
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 28 February 2012 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions for the manufacture of glass
11 DIRECTIVE 2008/50/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe
12 DIRECTIVE 2004/107/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 December 2004 relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air (Fourth Daughter Directive)
13 DIRECTIVE 2001/42/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 June 2001 on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment (Strategic Environmental Assessment)
Air Quality Legislation (additional documents)
14
REGULATION (EC) No 595/2009 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 18 June 2009 on type-approval of motor vehicles and engines with respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles (Euro VI) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 and Directive 2007/46/EC and repealing Directives 80/1269/EEC, 2005/55/EC and 2005/78/EC
15 DIRECTIVE 2009/33/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of clean and energy-efficient road transport vehicles
16
COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 692/2008 of 18 July 2008 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information
17
REGULATION (EC) No 715/2007 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 June 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information
18 DIRECTIVE 2001/81/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 October 2001 on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants
19 DIRECTIVE 2000/60/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy
25
20 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/13/EC of 11 March 1999 on the limitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain activities and installations
21 COUNCIL DECISION 97/101/EC of 27 January 1997 establishing a reciprocal exchange of information and data from networks and individual stations measuring ambient air pollution within the Member States (EoI Decision)
22
DIRECTIVE 97/68/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 December 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery (consolidated text)
23 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 96/62/EC of 27 September 1996 on ambient air quality assessment and management (Air Quality Framework Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)
24 DIRECTIVE 2002/3/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 12 February 2002 relating to ozone in ambient air (Third Daughter Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)
25
DIRECTIVE 2000/69/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 November 2000 relating to limit values for benzene and carbon monoxide in ambient air (Second Daughter Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)
26
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/30/EC of 22 April 1999 relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air (First Daughter Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)
27 Council Directive 85/203/EEC of 7 March 1985 on air quality standards for nitrogen dioxide
28 Council Directive 82/884/EEC of 3 December 1982 on a limit value for lead in the air
EU and Member States’ Case Law
29 Case C-137/14, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 15 October 2015, European Commission v Federal Republic of Germany
30 Case E-7/15, Judgement of the EFTA Court delivered in open court on 2 October 2015, EFTA Surveillance Authority v The Kingdom of Norway
31 Case N° 369428, Judgement of the Council of State (Conseil d’État) of France, 6th / 1st United Subsection (Sous-Sections réunies (SSR)) of 10 June 2015
26
(available only in French)
32 C-404/13, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 19 November 2014, The Queen, on the application of ClientEarth v Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
33 [related to C-404/13] Judgement of the UK Supreme Court of 16 April 2015 in Case [2012] EWCA Civ 897 ClientEarth v Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
34 Judgement of the Supreme Federal Administrative Court of Germany (Bundesverwaltungsgericht) of 5 September 2013 in Case [2013] C 21.12, “Darmstadt/Germany” case (available only in German)
35 C-420/11, Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 14 March 2013, Jutta Leth v Republik Österreich and Land Niederösterreich
36 C-68/11, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 19 December 2012, European Commission v Italian Republic
37 C-34/11, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 15 November 2012. European Commission v Portuguese Republic
38
C-120/10, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 8 September 2011, European Air Transport SA v Collège d'Environnement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale and Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Reference for a preliminary ruling: Conseil d'État - Belgium
39 C-240/09, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 8 March 2011, Lesoochranárske zoskupenie VLK v Ministerstvo životného prostredia Slovenskej republiky
40
Joined cases C-165/09 to C-167/09, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 26 May 2011, Stichting Natuur en Milieu and Others v College van Gedeputeerde Staten van Groningen (C-165/09) and College van Gedeputeerde Staten van Zuid-Holland (C-166/09 and C-167/09)
41 C-115/09, Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 12 May 2011, Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland, Landesverband Nordrhein-Westfalen eV v Bezirksregierung Arnsberg
42 C-28/09, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 December 2011, European Commission v Republic of Austria
43 C-263/08, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 15 October 2009, Djurgården-Lilla Värtans Miljöskyddsförening v Stockholms kommun genom dess marknämnd
27
44 C-237/07, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 25 July 2008, Dieter Janecek v Freistaat Bayern.
45 C-138/06, Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 14 December 2006, Commission of the European Communities v United Kingdom
46 C-78/06, Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 7 December 2006 – Commission v Luxembourg (French)
47 C-320/03, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 November 2005, Commission of the European Communities v Republic of Austria
48 C-387/97, Judgment of the Court of 4 July 2000, Commission of the European Communities v Hellenic Republic
49 C-361/88, Judgment of the Court of 30 May 1991, Commission of the European Communities v Federal Republic of Germany
50 C- 6/64, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1964. Flaminio Costa v E.N.E.L.
51 C-25/62, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1963, Plaumann & Co. v Commission of the European Economic Community
Useful documents: policy documents, reports, fact sheets
52
DECISION No 1386/2013/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 November 2013 on a General Union Environment Action Programme to 2020 ‘Living well, within the limits of our planet’ (7th Environment Action Programme)
53
European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on a Clean Air Programme for Europe COM (2013) 918 final, 18 December 2013
54 Zones in Relation to EU Air Quality Thresholds (2012) (with special regard to the maps with the reported exceedances of air quality limit values)
55
European Commission, Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the experience gained in the application of Directive 2003/4/EC on public access to environmental information COM (2012) 774 final, 17 December 2012
56 European Commission, Improving the delivery of benefits from EU environment measures: building confidence through better knowledge and responsiveness COM (2012) 95 final, 7 March 2012
57 European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the Council
28
and the European Parliament on Thematic Strategy on air pollution COM (2005) 446 final, 21 September 2005
58 European Commission, Communication from the Commission on the Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) Programme: Towards a Thematic Strategy for Air Quality COM (2001) 245 final, 04 May 2001
Trainer’s profile
The trainer/facilitator in this session should be, where possible, an expert from DG Environment, European Commission, an academic with practical experience or a technical expert, directly dealing with air quality legislation.
29
Unit 3: Air Quality Directive – main objectives, key features and links with other relevant EU legislation
Short description of the contents and general objectives
The aim of this presentation is to introduce the participants to Directive 2008/50/EC on Ambient Air Quality. During this presentation the genesis and the historical development of this legislation, its principal functioning, some basic considerations on the monitoring of air quality and in particular the different types of limit and target values as well as the effects of the legislation on the authorisation of projects will be addressed.
Specific learning points
• Genesis and historical development • Ambient Air Quality Legislation • Monitoring • Limit Values • Target Values • Air Quality Plans • Rights of Individuals and NGOs • Ambient Air Quality Standards as environmental standards under Article 18 of
Directive 2010/75/EC • Ambient Air Quality Standards and Directive 2011/92/EC on Environmental
Impact Assessment
Methodology
As the focus of this unit lies in the provision of information and a number of different provisions of EU environmental law, in particular of Ambient Air Quality Legislation, the session will be organised as a face-to-face frontal training. The scope of this unit is rather large and a great deal of information that is useful for effectively participating in the rest of the programme needs to be provided. For this reason it is essential that this unit is effectively structured. Participants must acquire the knowledge and skills that will allow them to have an overview for the rest of the workshop’s sessions on Ambient Air Quality. There will be sufficient time for participants to raise questions or discuss any unclear points.
30 Time frame
The time allocated to this unit will be approximately 45-60 minutes and should include some time for discussion with the participants.
Documentation
Necessary material (to be made available in hardcopy during the sub-session):
01 PowerPoint Presentation ‘Air Quality Directive - main objectives, key features and links with other relevant EU legislation’
02 DIRECTIVE 2008/50/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe
Additional material (to be included in the electronic documentation – USB stick):
EU Documents
03
DIRECTIVE 2011/92/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (codification) (Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive)
04
DIRECTIVE 2014/52/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 amending Directive 2011/92/EU on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (amending Environmental Impact Assessment Directive)
05 Informal consolidated version of the EIA Directive
06
European Commission, Report from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the application and effectiveness of the EIA Directive (Directive 85/337/EEC, as amended by Directives 97/11/EC and 2003/35/EC) COM (2009) 378 final
07 DIRECTIVE 2010/75/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (Recast)
08
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 9 October 2014 establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions, for the refining of mineral oil and gas
09
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 26 March 2013 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions for the production of cement, lime and magnesium oxide
31
10
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 28 February 2012 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions for the manufacture of glass
11 DIRECTIVE 2008/50/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe
12 DIRECTIVE 2004/107/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 December 2004 relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air (Fourth Daughter Directive)
13 DIRECTIVE 2001/42/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 June 2001 on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment (Strategic Environmental Assessment)
Air Quality Legislation (additional documents)
14
REGULATION (EC) No 595/2009 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 18 June 2009 on type-approval of motor vehicles and engines with respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles (Euro VI) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 and Directive 2007/46/EC and repealing Directives 80/1269/EEC, 2005/55/EC and 2005/78/EC
15 DIRECTIVE 2009/33/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of clean and energy-efficient road transport vehicles
16
COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 692/2008 of 18 July 2008 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information
17
REGULATION (EC) No 715/2007 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 June 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information
18 DIRECTIVE 2001/81/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 October 2001 on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants
19 DIRECTIVE 2000/60/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy
32
20 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/13/EC of 11 March 1999 on the limitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain activities and installations
21 COUNCIL DECISION 97/101/EC of 27 January 1997 establishing a reciprocal exchange of information and data from networks and individual stations measuring ambient air pollution within the Member States (EoI Decision)
22
DIRECTIVE 97/68/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 December 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery (consolidated text)
23 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 96/62/EC of 27 September 1996 on ambient air quality assessment and management (Air Quality Framework Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)
24 DIRECTIVE 2002/3/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 12 February 2002 relating to ozone in ambient air (Third Daughter Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)
25
DIRECTIVE 2000/69/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 November 2000 relating to limit values for benzene and carbon monoxide in ambient air (Second Daughter Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)
26
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/30/EC of 22 April 1999 relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air (First Daughter Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)
27 Council Directive 85/203/EEC of 7 March 1985 on air quality standards for nitrogen dioxide
28 Council Directive 82/884/EEC of 3 December 1982 on a limit value for lead in the air
EU and Member States’ Case Law
29 Case C-137/14, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 15 October 2015, European Commission v Federal Republic of Germany
30 Case E-7/15, Judgement of the EFTA Court delivered in open court on 2 October 2015, EFTA Surveillance Authority v The Kingdom of Norway
31 Case N° 369428, Judgement of the Council of State (Conseil d’État) of France, 6th / 1st United Subsection (Sous-Sections réunies (SSR)) of 10 June 2015
33
(available only in French)
32 C-404/13, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 19 November 2014, The Queen, on the application of ClientEarth v Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
33 [related to C-404/13] Judgement of the UK Supreme Court of 16 April 2015 in Case [2012] EWCA Civ 897 ClientEarth v Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
34 Judgement of the Supreme Federal Administrative Court of Germany (Bundesverwaltungsgericht) of 5 September 2013 in Case [2013] C 21.12, “Darmstadt/Germany” case (available only in German)
35 C-420/11, Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 14 March 2013, Jutta Leth v Republik Österreich and Land Niederösterreich
36 C-68/11, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 19 December 2012, European Commission v Italian Republic
37 C-34/11, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 15 November 2012. European Commission v Portuguese Republic
38
C-120/10, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 8 September 2011, European Air Transport SA v Collège d'Environnement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale and Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Reference for a preliminary ruling: Conseil d'État - Belgium
39 C-240/09, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 8 March 2011, Lesoochranárske zoskupenie VLK v Ministerstvo životného prostredia Slovenskej republiky
40
Joined cases C-165/09 to C-167/09, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 26 May 2011, Stichting Natuur en Milieu and Others v College van Gedeputeerde Staten van Groningen (C-165/09) and College van Gedeputeerde Staten van Zuid-Holland (C-166/09 and C-167/09)
41 C-115/09, Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 12 May 2011, Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland, Landesverband Nordrhein-Westfalen eV v Bezirksregierung Arnsberg
42 C-28/09, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 December 2011, European Commission v Republic of Austria
43 C-263/08, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 15 October 2009, Djurgården-Lilla Värtans Miljöskyddsförening v Stockholms kommun genom dess marknämnd
34
44 C-237/07, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 25 July 2008, Dieter Janecek v Freistaat Bayern.
45 C-138/06, Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 14 December 2006, Commission of the European Communities v United Kingdom
46 C-78/06, Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 7 December 2006 – Commission v Luxembourg (French)
47 C-320/03, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 November 2005, Commission of the European Communities v Republic of Austria
48 C-387/97, Judgment of the Court of 4 July 2000, Commission of the European Communities v Hellenic Republic
49 C-361/88, Judgment of the Court of 30 May 1991, Commission of the European Communities v Federal Republic of Germany
50 C- 6/64, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1964. Flaminio Costa v E.N.E.L.
51 C-25/62, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1963, Plaumann & Co. v Commission of the European Economic Community
Useful documents: policy documents, reports, fact sheets
52
DECISION No 1386/2013/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 November 2013 on a General Union Environment Action Programme to 2020 ‘Living well, within the limits of our planet’ (7th Environment Action Programme)
53
European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on a Clean Air Programme for Europe COM (2013) 918 final, 18 December 2013
54 Zones in Relation to EU Air Quality Thresholds (2012) (with special regard to the maps with the reported exceedances of air quality limit values)
55
European Commission, Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the experience gained in the application of Directive 2003/4/EC on public access to environmental information COM (2012) 774 final, 17 December 2012
56 European Commission, Improving the delivery of benefits from EU environment measures: building confidence through better knowledge and responsiveness COM (2012) 95 final, 7 March 2012
57 European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the Council
35
and the European Parliament on Thematic Strategy on air pollution COM (2005) 446 final, 21 September 2005
58 European Commission, Communication from the Commission on the Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) Programme: Towards a Thematic Strategy for Air Quality COM (2001) 245 final, 04 May 2001
Trainer’s profile
The trainer, implementing this unit, shall be an expert (a judge, an academic or an in-house practitioner) with regard to the Ambient Air Quality Legislation and its implementation and enforcement in the European Union.
36
Unit 4: Case Study on the Air Quality Directive
Short description of contents and general objectives
During this unit, a case study on the ambient air quality legislation raising various questions on issuance of a permit to a new industrial installation, having significant impacts on air quality, should be presented. The participants are introduced into two possible actions against the environmental authority of the local city – first, applying for an annulment of the permit; and, the second, asking for an order obliging the authority to adopt the modifications to the air quality plan that are necessary because of the new installation. Participants are asked to prepare a preliminary assessment of the two actions and draft possible questions that could be submitted to the Court of Justice. In this context, they should form an opinion whether a reference to the Court of Justice is necessary. Participants will be able to deepen their knowledge regarding the implementation of the ambient air quality legislation and the implementing EU legislation in a practical manner and also to further their grasp of the knowledge gained with regard to the challenges faced by Member States. This case study should also enable judges and prosecutors to facilitate discussion on how they would solve the problems presented and share their practice in different jurisdictions they represent.
Specific learning points
• Order of issuance of permits to new industrial installations • Application of BAT standards • Initiation of an order obliging the environmental authority to adopt the
modifications to the air quality plan • Drafting a preliminary question to be submitted to the CJEU
Methodology
The case-study will be distributed to the participants in the user’s pack at the beginning of the workshop. Then the trainer will explain the factual background of the case and the questions to be discussed on. After the short introduction, participants will be divided into working groups of 6-8 persons. The groups should appoint a moderator and a rapporteur. The groups will discuss the cases on the basis of the applicable material presented and discussed during the presentation. After the group discussion, participants will reconvene in a plenary session. Each group will have a rapporteur to explain the results of their discussion. The trainer will comment on their findings during the debriefing of the case studies. The trainer will
37 also invite comments from other groups or individuals and seek to stimulate a debate where differences of opinion, approach or interpretation are apparent.
Time frame
The introduction to the case studies should take 15 minutes; afterwards participants will divide into groups. The discussion on the cases should take 45 minutes, the following discussion in the plenary including the debriefing should take another 30 minutes. The time allocated to this sub-session should be approximately 90 minutes and should include some time for discussion.
Documentation
Necessary material (to be made available in hardcopy during the sub-session):
01 Task description of the case study
02 PowerPoint Presentation ‘Air Quality Directive - main objectives, key features and links with other relevant EU legislation’
03 DIRECTIVE 2008/50/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe
Trainer’s profile
The trainer presenting the case study on Air Quality Directive should be an expert in implementation of the AQD provisions as well as related EU legislation. Ideally, the expert shall have an in-house experience on enforcement of the rules and requirements of the above defined legislation. The trainer should be available during the group discussion to assist participants if they need him/her for further clarifications of the task. At the debriefing the trainer should be available for an interactive discussion with all the participants and able to lead the discussion and summarise the achieved results.
38
Unit 5: Adoption of an air quality plan according to Article 23 of the Air Quality Directive
Short description of content and general objectives
The general objective of this presentation is to introduce participants on the adoption of air quality plans as one of the most important implementation tools of the Air Quality Directive. The role of air quality plans within the implementation structure of the Directive is assessed, detailed information is presented about its mandatory content (with examples taken from EU Member States’ practices). The participation of the public in the adoption of air quality plans and the relevant case-law is analysed.
Specific learning points
• Genesis and historical development • Non-compliance with limit values and the resulting practical problems • Role of air quality plans putting limit values and target values into practice • Minimum criteria for an air quality plan • Commission guidance on air quality plans • Links to reporting on air quality • Common problems • Public participation top-down approach rather than bottom-up • Access to justice • Analysis of the relevant case-law
Methodology
The topic of this unit is quite specific, it is however strongly linked to other units of the workshop and therefore some overlaps may occur. This unit should be conducted as a face-to-face frontal presentation in plenary. The order in which the different points of the unit are presented should be defined by the trainer. The subsequent discussion should be moderated either by the trainer or the chair of the event.
Time frame
The time allocated to this unit will be approximately 60 minutes and should include some time for discussion with the participants.
39 Documentation
Necessary material (to be made available in hardcopy during the sub-session):
01 PowerPoint Presentation ‘Adoption of an air quality plan according to Article 23 of the Air Quality Directive’
02 DIRECTIVE 2008/50/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe
03 CONVENTION ON ACCESS TO INFORMATION, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN DECISION-MAKING AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS done at Aarhus, Denmark, on 25 June 1998
04 DIRECTIVE 2003/4/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC
05
DIRECTIVE 2003/35/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment and amending with regard to public participation and access to justice Council Directives 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC
Additional material (to be included in the electronic documentation – USB stick):
EU Documents
06
DIRECTIVE 2011/92/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (codification) (Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive)
07
DIRECTIVE 2014/52/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 amending Directive 2011/92/EU on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the environment (amending Environmental Impact Assessment Directive)
08 Informal consolidated version of the EIA Directive
09
European Commission, Report from the Commission to the Council, the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the application and effectiveness of the EIA Directive (Directive 85/337/EEC, as amended by Directives 97/11/EC and 2003/35/EC) COM (2009) 378 final
10 DIRECTIVE 2010/75/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention
40
and control) (Recast)
11
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 9 October 2014 establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions, for the refining of mineral oil and gas
12
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 26 March 2013 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions for the production of cement, lime and magnesium oxide
13
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 28 February 2012 establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on industrial emissions for the manufacture of glass
14 DIRECTIVE 2008/50/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe
15 DIRECTIVE 2004/107/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 December 2004 relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air (Fourth Daughter Directive)
16 DIRECTIVE 2001/42/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 June 2001 on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment (Strategic Environmental Assessment)
Air Quality Legislation (additional documents)
17
REGULATION (EC) No 595/2009 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 18 June 2009 on type-approval of motor vehicles and engines with respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles (Euro VI) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 and Directive 2007/46/EC and repealing Directives 80/1269/EEC, 2005/55/EC and 2005/78/EC
18 DIRECTIVE 2009/33/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of clean and energy-efficient road transport vehicles
19
COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 692/2008 of 18 July 2008 implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information
20 REGULATION (EC) No 715/2007 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 June 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles with respect to
41
emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information
21 DIRECTIVE 2001/81/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 October 2001 on national emission ceilings for certain atmospheric pollutants
22 DIRECTIVE 2000/60/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy
23 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/13/EC of 11 March 1999 on the limitation of emissions of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic solvents in certain activities and installations
24 COUNCIL DECISION 97/101/EC of 27 January 1997 establishing a reciprocal exchange of information and data from networks and individual stations measuring ambient air pollution within the Member States (EoI Decision)
25
DIRECTIVE 97/68/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 December 1997 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to measures against the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines to be installed in non-road mobile machinery (consolidated text)
26 COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 96/62/EC of 27 September 1996 on ambient air quality assessment and management (Air Quality Framework Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)
27 DIRECTIVE 2002/3/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 12 February 2002 relating to ozone in ambient air (Third Daughter Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)
28
DIRECTIVE 2000/69/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 November 2000 relating to limit values for benzene and carbon monoxide in ambient air (Second Daughter Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)
29
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/30/EC of 22 April 1999 relating to limit values for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen, particulate matter and lead in ambient air (First Daughter Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)
30 Council Directive 85/203/EEC of 7 March 1985 on air quality standards for nitrogen dioxide
31 Council Directive 82/884/EEC of 3 December 1982 on a limit value for lead in
42
the air
EU and Member States’ Case Law
32 Case C-137/14, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 15 October 2015, European Commission v Federal Republic of Germany
33 Case E-7/15, Judgement of the EFTA Court delivered in open court on 2 October 2015, EFTA Surveillance Authority v The Kingdom of Norway
34 Case N° 369428, Judgement of the Council of State (Conseil d’État) of France, 6th / 1st United Subsection (Sous-Sections réunies (SSR)) of 10 June 2015 (available only in French)
35 C-404/13, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 19 November 2014, The Queen, on the application of ClientEarth v Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
36 [related to C-404/13] Judgement of the UK Supreme Court of 16 April 2015 in Case [2012] EWCA Civ 897 ClientEarth v Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
37 Judgement of the Supreme Federal Administrative Court of Germany (Bundesverwaltungsgericht) of 5 September 2013 in Case [2013] C 21.12, “Darmstadt/Germany” case (available only in German)
38 C-420/11, Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 14 March 2013, Jutta Leth v Republik Österreich and Land Niederösterreich
39 C-68/11, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 19 December 2012, European Commission v Italian Republic
40 C-34/11, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 15 November 2012. European Commission v Portuguese Republic
41
C-120/10, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 8 September 2011, European Air Transport SA v Collège d'Environnement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale and Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Reference for a preliminary ruling: Conseil d'État - Belgium
42 C-240/09, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 8 March 2011, Lesoochranárske zoskupenie VLK v Ministerstvo životného prostredia Slovenskej republiky
43
Joined cases C-165/09 to C-167/09, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 26 May 2011, Stichting Natuur en Milieu and Others v College van Gedeputeerde Staten van Groningen (C-165/09) and College van Gedeputeerde Staten van Zuid-Holland (C-166/09 and C-167/09)
43
44 C-115/09, Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 12 May 2011, Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland, Landesverband Nordrhein-Westfalen eV v Bezirksregierung Arnsberg
45 C-28/09, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 December 2011, European Commission v Republic of Austria
46 C-263/08, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 15 October 2009, Djurgården-Lilla Värtans Miljöskyddsförening v Stockholms kommun genom dess marknämnd
47 C-237/07, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 25 July 2008, Dieter Janecek v Freistaat Bayern.
48 C-138/06, Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 14 December 2006, Commission of the European Communities v United Kingdom
49 C-78/06, Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 7 December 2006 – Commission v Luxembourg (French)
50 C-320/03, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 November 2005, Commission of the European Communities v Republic of Austria
51 C-387/97, Judgment of the Court of 4 July 2000, Commission of the European Communities v Hellenic Republic
52 C-361/88, Judgment of the Court of 30 May 1991, Commission of the European Communities v Federal Republic of Germany
53 C- 6/64, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1964. Flaminio Costa v E.N.E.L.
54 C-25/62, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1963, Plaumann & Co. v Commission of the European Economic Community
Useful documents: policy documents, reports, fact sheets
55
DECISION No 1386/2013/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 November 2013 on a General Union Environment Action Programme to 2020 ‘Living well, within the limits of our planet’ (7th Environment Action Programme)
56
European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions on a Clean Air Programme for Europe COM (2013) 918 final, 18 December 2013
57 Zones in Relation to EU Air Quality Thresholds (2012) (with special regard to the maps with the reported exceedances of air quality limit values)
44
58
European Commission, Report from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on the experience gained in the application of Directive 2003/4/EC on public access to environmental information COM (2012) 774 final, 17 December 2012
59 European Commission, Improving the delivery of benefits from EU environment measures: building confidence through better knowledge and responsiveness COM (2012) 95 final, 7 March 2012
60 European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the Council and the European Parliament on Thematic Strategy on air pollution COM (2005) 446 final, 21 September 2005
61 European Commission, Communication from the Commission on the Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) Programme: Towards a Thematic Strategy for Air Quality COM (2001) 245 final, 04 May 2001
Trainer’s profile
The trainer/facilitator in this session should be, where possible, an expert from DG Environment, European Commission, an academic with practical experience of the application and implementation of Ambient Air Quality Legislation or an official from a relevant national authority who is familiar with the implementation of it.
45
Unit 6: Case study on Article 23 of the Air Quality Directive
Short description of content and general objectives
The aim of the case-study is to consolidate the knowledge and skills received during the theoretical presentation and to lead through the different phases and difficulties in deciding on the necessity of the preparation of an air quality plan and on the admissibility of a claim brought to a court by a member of the general public. During the case studies activities, the participants from the national judiciaries should increase their knowledge on the different steps of the procedure of enforcement of AQD. They should be provided with guidance with regard to the legal basis of each requirement and the problems that can arise during each step of the way.
Specific learning points
• Are the authorities obliged to adopt an air quality plan in air quality assessment zones? What are the conditions and elements to be assessed for deciding on the necessity of the adoption of a plan?
• Which authority will be obliged to prepare an air quality plan in various Member
States?
Methodology
The two case-studies will be distributed to the participants in the user’s pack at the beginning of the workshop. Then the trainer will explain the factual background of the case and the questions to be discussed on. After the short introduction, participants will be divided into working groups of 6-8 persons, ensuring a good mixture of representatives from different EU Member States. The groups should appoint a moderator and a rapporteur. The groups will discuss the case on the basis of the applicable material presented and discussed during the presentation. The trainer will participate in the discussions of all sub-groups to raise participants’ attention to certain key points and (if necessary) to stimulate the discussion. At the end of the case study, the groups will present their findings via their speakers and the trainer will make the wrap-up. After the group discussion, participants will reconvene in a plenary session. Each group will have a rapporteur to explain the results of their discussions. The trainer will comment on their findings during the debriefing of the case studies. The trainer will also invite comments from other groups or individuals and seek to stimulate a debate where differences of opinion, approach or interpretation are apparent.
46 Time frame
The introduction to the case studies should take 15 minutes; afterwards participants will divide into groups. The discussion on the cases should take 45 minutes, the following discussion in the plenary including the debriefing should take another 30 minutes. The time allocated to this sub-session should be approximately 90 minutes and should include some time for discussion.
Documentation
Necessary material (to be made available in hardcopy during the sub-session):
01 PowerPoint Presentation ‘Adoption of an air quality plan according to Article 23 of the Air Quality Directive’
02 Task description of the case-study
03 DIRECTIVE 2008/50/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe
04 CONVENTION ON ACCESS TO INFORMATION, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN DECISION-MAKING AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS done at Aarhus, Denmark, on 25 June 1998
05 DIRECTIVE 2003/4/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC
06
DIRECTIVE 2003/35/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment and amending with regard to public participation and access to justice Council Directives 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC
Trainer’s profile
The trainer/facilitator in this session should be, where possible, an expert from DG Environment, European Commission, an academic with practical experience of the application and implementation of Ambient Air Quality Legislation or an official from a relevant national authority who is familiar with the implementation of it.
47
Unit 7: General overview of the Environmental Noise Directive
Short description of content and general objectives
The aim of the presentation is to give the participants an overview of the Environmental Noise Directive (END). The focus of this unit is to disseminate information on the basic objectives and system of implementation of the END and its links to other relevant legislation directed at tackling harmful noise. The scope is rather large. The system of noise mapping and action plans as well as public participation linked to them is addressed. Also links of the END to other legislation affecting environmental noise will be analysed, given that no relevant ECJ case-law exists.
Specific learning points
- Aims of the Environmental Noise Directive (END) - Field of application - Progressive system of implementation - Noise indicators and missing limit values - Noise mapping, information and action plans - ENDs links to a regulation concerning noise levels of products - ENDs links to the Industrial Emissions Directive - ENDs links to the land use planning
Methodology
This unit should be conducted as a face-to-face frontal presentation in plenary session, where main features of the Directive and other relevant pieces of legislation are clarified. The order in which the different points of the unit are presented should be defined by the trainer (-s). The subsequent discussion should be moderated either by the trainer or the chair of the event. More concrete issues of implementation and possible gaps in the system of the END will be best addressed in the case-study session followed after the lecture.
Time frame
The time allocated to this unit will be approximately 60 minutes and should include some time for discussion with the participants.
Documentation
Necessary material (to be made available in hardcopy during the sub-session):
01 PowerPoint Presentation ‘General Overview of the Environmental Noise
48
Directive’
02 DIRECTIVE 2002/49/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise
03 CONVENTION ON ACCESS TO INFORMATION, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN DECISION-MAKING AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS done at Aarhus, Denmark, on 25 June 1998
04 DIRECTIVE 2003/4/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC
05
DIRECTIVE 2003/35/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment and amending with regard to public participation and access to justice Council Directives 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC
Additional material (to be included in the electronic documentation – USB stick):
06 COMMISSION DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/996 of 19 May 2015 establishing common noise assessment methods according to Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
07
European Commission, Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the implementation of the Environmental Noise Directive in accordance with Article 11 of Directive 2002/49/EC COM (2011) 321 final, 01.06.2011 (not published in the Official Journal)
08
European Commission, Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council concerning existing Community measures relating to sources of environmental noise, pursuant to article 10.1 of Directive 2002/49/EC relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise COM (2004) 160 final, 10 March 2004
Environmental Noise Legislation (additional documents)
09 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2015/429 of 13 March 2015 setting out the modalities to be followed for the application of the charging for the cost of noise effects
10 REGULATION (EU) No 598/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 on the establishment of rules and procedures with regard to the introduction of noise-related operating restrictions at Union
49
airports within a Balanced Approach and repealing Directive 2002/30/EC
11
REGULATION (EU) No 540/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 on the sound level of motor vehicles and of replacement silencing systems, and amending Directive 2007/46/EC and repealing Directive 70/157/EEC
12 REGULATION (EU) No 168/2013 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 January 2013 on the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles
13
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 748/2012 of 3 August 2012 laying down implementing rules for the airworthiness and environmental certification of aircraft and related products, parts and appliances, as well as for the certification of design and production organisations
14
REGULATION (EC) No 216/2008 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 February 2008 on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a European Aviation Safety Agency, and repealing Council Directive 91/670/EEC, Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 and Directive 2004/36/EC
15 DIRECTIVE 2008/57/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 17 June 2008 on the interoperability of the rail system within the Community (consolidated version)
16
DIRECTIVE 2006/93/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 12 December 2006 on the regulation of the operation of aeroplanes covered by Part II, Chapter 3 , Volume 1 of Annex 16 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, second edition (1988) (codified version)
17
DIRECTIVE 2005/88/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 14 December 2005 amending Directive 2000/14/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the noise emission in the environment by equipment for use outdoors
18 DIRECTIVE 2002/30/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 March 2002 on the establishment of rules and procedures with regard to the introduction of noise-related operating restrictions at Community airports
19 DIRECTIVE 2001/16/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 19 March 2001 on the interoperability of the trans-European conventional rail system
20 DIRECTIVE 2000/14/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 8 May 2000 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the noise emission in the environment by equipment for use outdoors
50
21 DIRECTIVE 1999/62/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 17 June 1999 on the charging of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures
22 DIRECTIVE 2011/76/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 September 2011 amending Directive 1999/62/EC on the charging of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures
23 DIRECTIVE 94/25/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 June 1994 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to recreational craft
24 DIRECTIVE 2013/53/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 November 2013 on recreational craft and personal watercraft and repealing Directive 94/25/EC as of 18 January 2016
25
DIRECTIVE 2003/44/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 June 2003 amending Directive 94/25/EC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to recreational craft
Trainer’s profile
Continuous training of judges and prosecutors on the subject can be more successful when done by colleagues who have the same professional background (“speaking the same language”). An ideal speaker could therefore be a judge experienced in administrative law, focusing on environment, an expert from DG Environment, European Commission, an academic with practical experience of the application and implementation of Environmental Noise Directive or an official from a relevant national authority who is familiar with the implementation of it.
51
Unit 8: Implementation of the Environmental Noise Directive in Member States
Short description of content and general objectives
The aim of the presentation is to give the participants an overview of the problems, caused by environmental noise and the policies, applicable at present in the area. Participants will be explained the definitions, covered by the legal act, define the areas where the END is applicable and where the power of decision is left for the national authorities. It will also provide a thorough overview of the most common challenges implementing the legislation at the national level.
Specific learning points
• The noise problem o Noise in Europe today and tomorrow o EU noise policy
• Directive 2002/49/EC and the citizens o What the Directive does and does not do o Unclarities in the Directive text o Common citizen complaints
• Directive 2002/49/EC and the Member States o Implementation in Member States o Common implementation challenges
Methodology
This unit should be conducted as a face-to-face frontal presentation in plenary session, where main features of the Directive and other relevant pieces of legislation are clarified. The order in which the different points of the unit are presented should be defined by the trainer (-s). The subsequent discussion should be moderated either by the trainer or the chair of the event.
Time frame
The time allocated to this unit will be approximately 60 minutes and should include some time for discussion with the participants.
Documentation
Necessary material (to be made available in hardcopy during the sub-session):
01 PowerPoint Presentation ‘Implementation of the Environmental Noise
52
Directive in Member States’
02 DIRECTIVE 2002/49/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise
03 CONVENTION ON ACCESS TO INFORMATION, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN DECISION-MAKING AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS done at Aarhus, Denmark, on 25 June 1998
04 DIRECTIVE 2003/4/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC
05
DIRECTIVE 2003/35/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment and amending with regard to public participation and access to justice Council Directives 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC
Additional material (to be included in the electronic documentation – USB stick):
06 COMMISSION DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/996 of 19 May 2015 establishing common noise assessment methods according to Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
07
European Commission, Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the implementation of the Environmental Noise Directive in accordance with Article 11 of Directive 2002/49/EC COM (2011) 321 final, 01.06.2011 (not published in the Official Journal)
08
European Commission, Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council concerning existing Community measures relating to sources of environmental noise, pursuant to article 10.1 of Directive 2002/49/EC relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise COM (2004) 160 final, 10 March 2004
Environmental Noise Legislation (additional documents)
09 COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2015/429 of 13 March 2015 setting out the modalities to be followed for the application of the charging for the cost of noise effects
10 REGULATION (EU) No 598/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 on the establishment of rules and procedures with regard to the introduction of noise-related operating restrictions at Union
53
airports within a Balanced Approach and repealing Directive 2002/30/EC
11
REGULATION (EU) No 540/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 on the sound level of motor vehicles and of replacement silencing systems, and amending Directive 2007/46/EC and repealing Directive 70/157/EEC
12 REGULATION (EU) No 168/2013 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 January 2013 on the approval and market surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles
13
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 748/2012 of 3 August 2012 laying down implementing rules for the airworthiness and environmental certification of aircraft and related products, parts and appliances, as well as for the certification of design and production organisations
14
REGULATION (EC) No 216/2008 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 February 2008 on common rules in the field of civil aviation and establishing a European Aviation Safety Agency, and repealing Council Directive 91/670/EEC, Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002 and Directive 2004/36/EC
15 DIRECTIVE 2008/57/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 17 June 2008 on the interoperability of the rail system within the Community (consolidated version)
16
DIRECTIVE 2006/93/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 12 December 2006 on the regulation of the operation of aeroplanes covered by Part II, Chapter 3 , Volume 1 of Annex 16 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation, second edition (1988) (codified version)
17
DIRECTIVE 2005/88/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 14 December 2005 amending Directive 2000/14/EC on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the noise emission in the environment by equipment for use outdoors
18 DIRECTIVE 2002/30/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 March 2002 on the establishment of rules and procedures with regard to the introduction of noise-related operating restrictions at Community airports
19 DIRECTIVE 2001/16/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 19 March 2001 on the interoperability of the trans-European conventional rail system
20 DIRECTIVE 2000/14/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 8 May 2000 on the approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the noise emission in the environment by equipment for use outdoors
54
21 DIRECTIVE 1999/62/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 17 June 1999 on the charging of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures
22 DIRECTIVE 2011/76/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 September 2011 amending Directive 1999/62/EC on the charging of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures
23 DIRECTIVE 94/25/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 June 1994 on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to recreational craft
24 DIRECTIVE 2013/53/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 November 2013 on recreational craft and personal watercraft and repealing Directive 94/25/EC as of 18 January 2016
25
DIRECTIVE 2003/44/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 16 June 2003 amending Directive 94/25/EC on the approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States relating to recreational craft
Trainer’s profile
An ideal speaker could therefore be a judge experienced in administrative law, focusing on environment, an expert from DG Environment, European Commission, an academic with practical experience of the application and implementation of Environmental Noise Directive or an official from a relevant national authority who is familiar with the implementation of it.
55
Unit 9: Case study on the Environmental Noise Directive
Short description of content and general objectives
Objective of a case-study is to provide a possibility to apply the lessons learnt from the basics of the END. The objective is to deepen the analysis of the system of implementation of the END and to provoke discussion on strengths and weaknesses of the Directive. In this unit the case study will be presented, regarding an obtainment of a permit under strategic noise map. The case study discussion shall be done in line with the aim of the regulation, considering the relevant factual aspects and considering the relevant legal aspects. The aim is also to ask participants from different EU Member States comment on the solutions proposed by the trainer and/or present different solutions from the jurisdictions they represent on administrative and criminal law procedure.
Specific learning points/ questions raised for the case study
• Member State’s obligation to make sure that no hazard on human health is caused by noise exceeding the valid guidelines
• Obligation of a local authority to approve an action plan and give binding provisions concerning road traffic noise, and to restrict the traffic if necessary
• The environmental permit shall be considered according to the IED
Methodology
The trainer will present the case by raising some points on the application of the END, IED and Janecek case. After the introductory presentation, participants will be divided into groups of 6-8 persons. The groups will discuss the case on the basis of the above defined legal acts. After the group discussion, participants will return to the plenary. Each group will have a rapporteur to explain the results of their discussion and the trainer will comment on their findings.
Time frame
The introduction of the case study should take 15 minutes; afterwards participants will divide into groups. The discussion on the case will take 45 minutes, the following discussion in the plenary including the debriefing will take another 30 minutes.
Documentation
Necessary material (to be made available in hardcopy during the sub-session):
01 PowerPoint Presentation ‘General Overview of the Environmental Noise
56
Directive’
02 Task description of the case study
04 DIRECTIVE 2002/49/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise
05 DIRECTIVE 2010/75/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated pollution prevention and control) (Recast)
06 CONVENTION ON ACCESS TO INFORMATION, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN DECISION-MAKING AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS done at Aarhus, Denmark, on 25 June 1998
07 DIRECTIVE 2003/4/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC
08
DIRECTIVE 2003/35/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the environment and amending with regard to public participation and access to justice Council Directives 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC
09 C-237/07, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 25 July 2008, Dieter Janecek v Freistaat Bayern.
Trainer’s profile
Continuous training of judges and prosecutors on the subject can be more successful when done by colleagues who have the same professional background (“speaking the same language”). An ideal speaker could therefore be a judge experienced in administrative law, focusing on environment, an expert from DG Environment, European Commission, an academic with practical experience of the application and implementation of Environmental Noise Directive or an official from a relevant national authority who is familiar with the implementation of it.
57
Unit 10: Principles of EU Environmental Law as underlying principles of the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive: Prevention, Precaution, Correction, Subsidiarity, Proportionality
Short description of content and general objectives
The general objective of this presentation is to show that the Air Quality Directive (AQD) and the Environmental Noise Directive (END) reflect environmental principles which are enshrined in the Treaties. The session raises the awareness that a good understanding of those principles is very helpful, if not necessary, to apply and interpret the pertinent national and the EU law in a convincing way. However, the presentation is not confined to more or less abstract issues. It also aims to provide the necessary tools for the national judges and prosecutors in order to assess and decide national cases on the matter (“legal craftsmanship”). Therefore, it is shown how to find the legal basis (Article 192 TFEU) and how to facilitate the reading and understanding of EU Directives like the AQD and the END.
Specific learning points
• Legal basis of the AQD and the END
• The Underlying Principles: - high level of protection - precaution - prevention - prevention / precaution - rectification at source - polluter pays - subsidiarity - proportionality
Methodology
As the focus of this unit lies in the provision of a substantial amount of information, the best option would be to organise it as a face-to-face frontal training. Use of a PowerPoint can effectively present the highlights and headings of the material in the handout thus allowing an efficient introduction to it. In order to achieve this, it is essential that the trainer ensures that there is sufficient time for participants to raise questions or discuss any unclear points. Emphasis and examples can be added verbally by the trainer on a slide by slide basis. The order in which the different points of the unit are presented should be defined by
58 the trainer. The subsequent discussion should be moderated either by the trainer or the chair of the event.
Time frame
The duration of this session should be 45-60 minutes (including lecturing time and discussion sessions with the participants).
Documentation
Necessary material (to be made available in hardcopy during the sub-session):
01 PowerPoint Presentation: ‘Principles of EU Environmental Law as underlying principles of the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive: Prevention, Precaution, Correction, Subsidiarity, Proportionality’
02 CONVENTION ON ACCESS TO INFORMATION, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN DECISION-MAKING AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS, Aarhus, Denmark, 25 June 1998
Additional material (to be included in the electronic documentation – USB stick):
EU Documents
03 COMMISSION DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/996 of 19 May 2015 establishing common noise assessment methods according to Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
04 DECISION No 1386/2013/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 November 2013 on a General Union Environment Action Programme to 2020 ‘Living well, within the limits of our planet’
05 DIRECTIVE 2008/50/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe
06
REGULATION (EC) No 1367/2006 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 6 September 2006 on the application of the provisions of the Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters to Community institutions and bodies
07 DIRECTIVE 2003/4/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC
08 DIRECTIVE 2002/49/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise - Declaration by the Commission in the Conciliation Committee on the
59
Directive relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise
09 C-404/13, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 19 November 2014, The Queen, on the application of ClientEarth v The Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
10 C-34/11, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 15 November 2012. European Commission v Portuguese Republic
11
C-120/10, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 8 September 2011, European Air Transport SA v Collège d'Environnement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale and Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Reference for a preliminary ruling: Conseil d'État - Belgium
12 C-240/09, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 8 March 2011, Lesoochranárske zoskupenie VLK v Ministerstvo životného prostredia Slovenskej republiky
13 C-115/09, Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 12 May 2011, Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland, Landesverband Nordrhein-Westfalen eV v Bezirksregierung Arnsberg
14 C-263/08, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 15 October 2009, Djurgården-Lilla Värtans Miljöskyddsförening v Stockholms kommun genom dess marknämnd
15 C-78/06, Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 7 December 2006 – Commission v Luxembourg (French)
16 C- 6/64, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1964. Flaminio Costa v E.N.E.L.
17 C-25/62, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1963, Plaumann & Co. v Commission of the European Economic Community
18 EEA (2014), Air quality in Europe — 2014 report, EEA Report No 5/2014, European Environment Agency http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2014
19
Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council of 1 June 2011 on the implementation of the Environmental Noise Directive in accordance with Article 11 of Directive 2002/49/EC [COM (2011) 321 final – Not published in the Official Journal]
20 EEA (2014), Noise in Europe 2014, EEA Report No 10/2014, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014
21 UN ECE, The Aarhus Convention: An Implementation Guide (2nd ed) (2013)
60
22 UN ECE, Protecting your Environment – The Power is in your Hands: A Quick Guide to the Aarhus Convention (April, 2014)
Trainer’s profile
An ideal speaker may be an academic or a practitioner. However, it is important the s/he is able to show the audience that principles of environmental law do not only matter in doctoral thesis but also in the daily work of a practitioner dealing with cases where the non-compliance with the AQD and the END is invoked.
61
Unit 11: What is the role for a judge implementing the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive
Short description of content and general objectives
The general objective of this presentation is to show that the national judge, when applying the AQD and the END, is nothing else but an EU judge. Having this in mind, the slides give an overview of the main features that are important for being a judge in the EU legal order. The session shall focus on the interplay between the Court of Justice and the national judiciaries. A toolbox of the national judge is described. This is done in a way that is very easy to understand and does not leave out possible problems. The aim is to reiterate common topics (supremacy of the EU law, preliminary reference, consistent interpretation, direct effect) and initiate a discussion and a self-reflection of the participants on their own role as national judges in the Member States. A concrete case on a missing EIA shall make the challenge more visible for the audience.
Specific learning points
• Role of the National Judge as the EU Judge • EU Judicial Order (Article 19 TEU) • Access to Justice (Article 47 EU Charter of FR) • Preliminary References (Article 267 TFEU) • Toolbox of the National Judge • Principles of Equivalence and Effectiveness
Methodology
This unit should be conducted as a face-to-face frontal presentation in plenary session. The order in which the different points of the unit are presented should be defined by the trainer. The subsequent discussion should be moderated either by the trainer or the chair of the event. The session is intended to encourage discussion and reflection on past practices, rather than focus on ‘teaching’ or ‘learning’. The initial presentation is then followed by a case study which, again, is very practical in nature and is designed to facilitate the fresh-thinking to be operationalized in a group setting. The study is also intended to prompt innovative and imaginative thinking by the participants. Whilst the trainer should facilitate discussion and make suggestions, there is no ‘right’ or ‘complete’ answer for the case study.
62 Time frame
The duration of this session should be 45-60 minutes (including lecturing time and discussion sessions with the participants).
Documentation
Necessary material (to be made available in hardcopy during the sub-session):
01 PowerPoint Presentation: ‘What is the role for a judge implementing the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive’
02 CONVENTION ON ACCESS TO INFORMATION, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN DECISION-MAKING AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS, Aarhus, Denmark, 25 June 1998
Additional material (to be included in the electronic documentation – USB stick):
EU Documents
03 COMMISSION DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/996 of 19 May 2015 establishing common noise assessment methods according to Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
04 DECISION No 1386/2013/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 November 2013 on a General Union Environment Action Programme to 2020 ‘Living well, within the limits of our planet’
05 DIRECTIVE 2008/50/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe
06
REGULATION (EC) No 1367/2006 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 6 September 2006 on the application of the provisions of the Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters to Community institutions and bodies
07 DIRECTIVE 2003/4/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC
08
DIRECTIVE 2002/49/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise - Declaration by the Commission in the Conciliation Committee on the Directive relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise
09 C-404/13, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 19 November 2014, The Queen, on the application of ClientEarth v The Secretary of State for the
63
Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
10 C-34/11, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 15 November 2012. European Commission v Portuguese Republic
11
C-120/10, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 8 September 2011, European Air Transport SA v Collège d'Environnement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale and Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Reference for a preliminary ruling: Conseil d'État - Belgium
12 C-240/09, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 8 March 2011, Lesoochranárske zoskupenie VLK v Ministerstvo životného prostredia Slovenskej republiky
13 C-115/09, Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 12 May 2011, Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland, Landesverband Nordrhein-Westfalen eV v Bezirksregierung Arnsberg
14 C-263/08, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 15 October 2009, Djurgården-Lilla Värtans Miljöskyddsförening v Stockholms kommun genom dess marknämnd
15 C-78/06, Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 7 December 2006 – Commission v Luxembourg (French)
16 C- 6/64, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1964. Flaminio Costa v E.N.E.L.
17 C-25/62, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1963, Plaumann & Co. v Commission of the European Economic Community
18 EEA (2014), Air quality in Europe — 2014 report, EEA Report No 5/2014, European Environment Agency http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2014
19
Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council of 1 June 2011 on the implementation of the Environmental Noise Directive in accordance with Article 11 of Directive 2002/49/EC [COM (2011) 321 final – Not published in the Official Journal]
20 EEA (2014), Noise in Europe 2014, EEA Report No 10/2014, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014
21 UN ECE, The Aarhus Convention: An Implementation Guide (2nd ed) (2013)
22 UN ECE, Protecting your Environment – The Power is in your Hands: A Quick Guide to the Aarhus Convention (April, 2014)
64 Trainer’s profile
An ideal speaker may be an academic or a practitioner. However, it is important the s/he is able to show the audience that principles of environmental law do not only matter in doctoral thesis but also in the daily work of a practitioner dealing with cases where the non-compliance with the AQD and the END is invoked.
65
Unit 12: Case study on access to justice for citizens and NGOs with the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive
Short description of the content and general objectives
In this unit a case study will be presented. It is about access to justice if a national public entity fails to fulfil its obligations under the END and the AQD by issuing a clearly insufficient action plan or no action plan at all. The slides explain that in such a situation a legal action by an individual or by an ENGO is to be seen as admissible. However, this result has to be put into the national context of an administrative law. Therefore, the slides include main features of administrative law through a comparative lens. This approach on the matter leads to the conclusion that national notions on the admissibility of legal actions against public entities (reviewable administrative act, administrative omission and standing) have to be applied and understood in the light of the CJEU case law (“Client Earth”, “Janecek” and “Slovak Brown Bear”). The slides also explain that such a legal action is to be seen as well-founded. The national court must find a way to deliver a positive judgement that puts the obligation on the defendant to act in conformity with the END and the AQD. While leading to this result the presentation takes into account the general principles, such as the separation of power and the judicial control of administrative discretion.
Specific learning points
• END/AQD action plans as reviewable administrative acts • The Janecek judgement of the CJEU • How to deal with administrative omission • Standing • Discretion of the administration • Operative part of a positive judgement
Methodology
The trainer will introduce the case by raising the main factual features. A case study which is very practical in nature and is designed to facilitate the fresh-thinking to be operationalized in a group setting. The study is also intended to prompt innovative and imaginative thinking by the participants. After the introductory presentation, participants will be divided into groups of 6-8 persons. The groups will discuss the case on the basis of the EU law and national (procedural) law. After the group discussion, participants will return to the plenary. Each group will have a rapporteur to explain the results of their discussion and the trainer will comment on their findings. Whilst the trainer should facilitate discussion and make suggestions, there is no ‘right’ or ‘complete’ answer for the case study.
66 Duration
The introduction to the case study should take 15 minutes; afterwards participants will divide into groups. The discussion on the case will take 45 minutes, the following discussion in the plenary including the debriefing will take another 30 minutes.
Documentation
Necessary material (to be made available in hardcopy during the sub-session):
01 PowerPoint Presentation: ‘Principles of EU Environmental Law as underlying principles of the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive: Prevention, Precaution, Correction, Subsidiarity, Proportionality’
02 PowerPoint Presentation: ‘What is the role for a judge implementing the Air Quality Directive and the Environmental Noise Directive’
03 Description of the task of the case study
04 Preliminary suggested solution to the case study
05 CONVENTION ON ACCESS TO INFORMATION, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN DECISION-MAKING AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS, Aarhus, Denmark, 25 June 1998
Additional material (to be included in the electronic documentation – USB stick):
EU Documents
06 COMMISSION DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/996 of 19 May 2015 establishing common noise assessment methods according to Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
07 DECISION No 1386/2013/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 20 November 2013 on a General Union Environment Action Programme to 2020 ‘Living well, within the limits of our planet’
08 DIRECTIVE 2008/50/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe
09
REGULATION (EC) No 1367/2006 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 6 September 2006 on the application of the provisions of the Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters to Community institutions and bodies
10 DIRECTIVE 2003/4/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental information and
67
repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC
11
DIRECTIVE 2002/49/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise - Declaration by the Commission in the Conciliation Committee on the Directive relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise
12 C-404/13, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 19 November 2014, The Queen, on the application of ClientEarth v The Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
13 C-34/11, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 15 November 2012. European Commission v Portuguese Republic
14
C-120/10, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 8 September 2011, European Air Transport SA v Collège d'Environnement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale and Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Reference for a preliminary ruling: Conseil d'État - Belgium
15 C-240/09, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 8 March 2011, Lesoochranárske zoskupenie VLK v Ministerstvo životného prostredia Slovenskej republiky
16 C-115/09, Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 12 May 2011, Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland, Landesverband Nordrhein-Westfalen eV v Bezirksregierung Arnsberg
17 C-263/08, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 15 October 2009, Djurgården-Lilla Värtans Miljöskyddsförening v Stockholms kommun genom dess marknämnd
18 C-78/06, Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 7 December 2006 – Commission v Luxembourg (French)
19 C- 6/64, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1964. Flaminio Costa v E.N.E.L.
20 C-25/62, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1963, Plaumann & Co. v Commission of the European Economic Community
21 EEA (2014), Air quality in Europe — 2014 report, EEA Report No 5/2014, European Environment Agency http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/air-quality-in-europe-2014
22
Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council of 1 June 2011 on the implementation of the Environmental Noise Directive in accordance with Article 11 of Directive 2002/49/EC [COM (2011) 321 final – Not published in the Official Journal]
68
23 EEA (2014), Noise in Europe 2014, EEA Report No 10/2014, European Environment Agency, Copenhagen http://www.eea.europa.eu/publications/noise-in-europe-2014
24 UN ECE, The Aarhus Convention: An Implementation Guide (2nd ed) (2013)
25 UN ECE, Protecting your Environment – The Power is in your Hands: A Quick Guide to the Aarhus Convention (April, 2014)
Trainer’s profile
Continuous training of judges on the subject can be more successful when done by a colleague who has the same professional background (“speaking the same language”). An ideal speaker could therefore be judge experienced in administrative justice.
69
Unit 13: Closing session – evaluation of the workshop Short description of content In the final session of the workshop, conclusions will be drawn and participants will be invited to evaluate the event. General objectives Participants will provide feedback on the whole event, the preliminary information, the workshop documentation, the e-learning module and the usefulness of the workshop for their daily work. Specific learning points Summing up the event Obtaining feedback Use the feedback and the evaluations to improve the training module (for
organisers) Methodology Participants will be in plenary. Before the final discussion and evaluation of the event is actually opened, each participant should have already filled in the evaluation form. If possible, all participants, i.e. including the speakers and the leader of the workshop, should participate in this final evaluation session. The training manager of the workshop should encourage the participants to speak openly about their impressions of the workshop. Time frame The closing session should take approx. 20-30 minutes. Documentation Necessary material (to be made available in hardcopy during the sub-session):
01 Evaluation form
Trainer profile
The closing session will be chaired by the training manager of the workshop.
era.int
HOW TO HANDLE COURT
PROCEEDINGS INVOKING
NON-COMPLIANCE WITH EU
AIR QUALITY AND NOISE
LEGISLATION
WORKSHOP FOR NATIONAL
JUDGES Venue, Date:
Organiser:
Language:
Objective
Both air quality and noise pollution are a major
concern for human health in EU. By addressing
the issues that may be relevant for national
judges, this two-and-a-half day workshop will
provide the participants with an overview of the
Air Quality Directive (AQD) and the
Environmental Noise Directive (END). It aims to
facilitate the handling of future national court
procedures invoking non-compliance with EU air
quality and noise legislation.
Key elements of the workshop
Scientific and technical introduction to
effects of air and noise pollution on human
health
Aims and features of AQD and END and their
links with other relevant EU legislation
Various case studies on the role of the judge
in this matter
Who should attend?
This workshop is primarily aimed at administrative
judges and/or judicial trainers interested in
environmental law.
Speakers & training managers
First Day of the Workshop
09:30
Arrival and registration of participants
10:00 Welcome words and introduction
10:30 Effects of air and noise pollution on human
health: a scientific and technical introduction
11:30 Coffee break
I. AIR QUALITY DIRECTIVE (AQD)
12:00 General overview of the AQD
13:00 Lunch break
14:00 Air Quality Directive - main objectives, key
features and links with other relevant EU
legislation
15:00 Coffee break
15:30 Case study on the AQD:
Introduction to facts of the case study
Working groups
Plenary discussion of the results
17:00 End of the first workshop day
Second Day of the Workshop
09:30
10:30
Adoption of an air quality plan according to
Article 23 AQD
Coffee break
11:00 Case study on Article 23 AQD:
Introduction to facts of the case study
Working groups
Plenary discussion of the results
12:30 Lunch break
II. ENVIRONMENTAL NOISE DIRECTIVE (END)
13:30 General overview of the END
Main objectives and key features
Links with other relevant EU legislation
14:30 Implementation of the END in Member States
15:30
16:00
Coffee break
Case study on the END:
Introduction to facts of the case study
Working groups
Plenary discussion of the results
17:30 End of the second workshop day
Third Day of the Workshop
III. COMMON UNDERSTANDING OF THE TWO
DIRECTIVES
09:30
Principles of EU environmental law as
underlying principles of the AQD and END
Precaution, subsidiarity, proportionality,
prevention, correction
10:15 What is the role for a judge implementing
the AQD and END? Focus on access to justice
10:45 Coffee break
11:15 Case study on access to justice for citizens and
NGOs with the AQD and END:
Introduction to facts of the case study
Working groups
Plenary discussion of the results
12:45 Evaluation of the workshop
13:15 End of the workshop
era.int
COMMENT APPREHENDER UNE
PROCEDURE JUDICIAIRE INVOQUANT
LE NON-RESPECT DE LA LEGISLATION
DE L’UE CONCERNANT LA QUALITE
DE L’AIR OU LA GESTION DU BRUIT
ATELIER POUR DES JUGES NATIONAUX
Lieu du séminaire, date :
Organisation:
Langues:
Objectifs de la formation
Tant la qualité de l’air ambiant que les nuisances
sonores représentent un souci majeur pour la santé
humaine dans l’UE. Le présent atelier se propose de
donner une vue d’ensemble des directives CE n°
2008/50 et 2002/49 à l’intention de juges nationaux
afin de les aider à mieux appréhender une
procédure judiciaire invoquant le non-respect de la
législation de l’UE concernant la qualité de l’air ou
la gestion du bruit.
Eléments clés de la formation
Introduction scientifique et technique aux
effets de la pollution de l’air et du bruit sur la
santé humaine
Les objectifs et dispositions clés des directives
CE n° 2008/50 et 2002/49
Des études de cas sur le rôle du juge dans ce
domaine spécifique du droit de
l’environnement
Groupe-cible et compétences requises
Ce séminaire s´adresse de préférence aux juges
et/ou aux entraîneurs juridiques intéressés par le
droit de l’environnement.
Formateurs
Première journée du séminaire
09h30 Arrivée et accueil des participants 10h00
Allocution de bienvenue et introduction
10h30 Les effets de la pollution de l’air et du bruit sur
la santé humaine – Introduction scientifique et
technique
11h30
Pause café
I. LA DIRECTIVE 2008/50/CE CONCERNANT LA
QUALITE DE L’AIR AMBIANT
12h00
Vue d’ensemble de la directive 2008/50/EC
13h00 Déjeuner
14h00 Directive concernant la qualité de l’air -
objectifs principaux, dispositions clés et liens
avec d’autres législations pertinentes de l’UE
15h00 Pause café
15h30 Etude de cas portant sur la directive 2008/50
(incl. la rédaction d’une question préjudicielle)
• Présentation des faits • Travaux en petits groupes
• Mise en commun des résultats
17h00 Fin de la première journée
Deuxième journée du séminaire
09h30 L’adoption d’un plan relatif à la qualité de l’air
conformément à l’article 23 de la directive
2008/50
10h30 Pause café
11h00
Etude de cas portant sur l’article 23 de la
directive 2008/50
• Présentation des faits
• Travaux en petits groupes
• Mise en commun des résultats
12h30 Déjeuner
II. LA DIRECTIVE 2002/49 RELATIVE A
L'EVALUATION ET A LA GESTION DU BRUIT
DANS L'ENVIRONNEMENT
13h30 Vue d’ensemble de la directive 2002/49
Objectifs principaux et dispositions clés
Liens avec d’autres législations pertinentes de l’UE
14h30
Les défis de la transposition de la directive
2002/49 dans les droits nationaux
15h30 Pause café
16h00
Etude de cas portant sur la directive 2002/49
• Présentation des faits
• Travaux en petits groupes
• Mise en commun des résultats
17h30 Fin de la deuxième journée
Troisième journée du séminaire
III. ELEMENTS COMMUNS AUX DIRECTIVES 2008/50
ET 2002/49
09h30 Principes de droit européen de l’environnement
qui sous-tendent les directives 2008/50/CE et
2002/49/CE (précaution, subsidiarité,
proportionnalité, prévention, correction)
10h15 Quel est le rôle du juge mettant en œuvre les
directives 2008/50 et 2002/49 ?
10h45 Pause café
11h15 Etude de cas portant sur l’accès à la justice pour
les citoyens et les ONG • Présentation des faits
• Travaux en petits groupes
• Mise en commun des résultats
12h45 Evaluation de la formation
13h15 Fin du séminaire
Le Programme est susceptible de changer.
Pour un programme actualisé : www.era.int
Documentation
HOW TO HANDLE COURT PROCEEDINGS
INVOKING NON-COMPLIANCE WITH EU
AIR QUALITY AND NOISE LEGISLATION
Workshop on Environmental law for national judges
“How to handle court proceedings invoking non-
compliance with EU air quality and noise legislation”
I. Background Documentation
EU Documents
Air Quality
01. Introduction. Thematic Briefing – Air pollution (2015), European
Environmental Agency, Copenhagen 1
Air Quality Legislation
02.1
DIRECTIVE 2011/92/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 13 December 2011 on the assessment of the effects of
certain public and private projects on the environment (codification) (Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive)
ONLINE
02.2
DIRECTIVE 2014/52/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 amending Directive 2011/92/EU on the
assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects on the
environment (amending Environmental Impact Assessment Directive)
ONLINE
02.3 Informal consolidated version of the EIA Directive 5
02.4
European Commission, Report from the Commission to the Council,
the European Parliament, the European Economic and Social
Committee and the Committee of the Regions on the application and
effectiveness of the EIA Directive (Directive 85/337/EEC, as amended by
Directives 97/11/EC and 2003/35/EC) COM (2009) 378 final
ONLINE
03.1
DIRECTIVE 2010/75/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 24 November 2010 on industrial emissions (integrated
pollution prevention and control) (Recast) 40
03.2
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 9 October 2014 establishing
best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive
2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on
industrial emissions, for the refining of mineral oil and gas
ONLINE
03.3
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 26 March 2013 establishing
the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions under Directive
2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on
industrial emissions for the production of cement, lime and
magnesium oxide
ONLINE
03.4
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING DECISION of 28 February 2012
establishing the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions under
Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on
industrial emissions for the manufacture of glass
ONLINE
04.1
DIRECTIVE 2008/50/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 21 May 2008 on ambient air quality and cleaner air for Europe
143
04.2
DIRECTIVE 2004/107/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 15 December 2004 relating to arsenic, cadmium, mercury, nickel and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in ambient air (Fourth Daughter Directive)
187
05.1
DIRECTIVE 2001/42/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 June 2001 on the assessment of the effects of certain plans and programmes on the environment (Strategic Environmental Assessment)
201
Air Quality Legislation (additional documents)
06.1
REGULATION (EC) No 595/2009 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND
OF THE COUNCIL of 18 June 2009 on type-approval of motor vehicles
and engines with respect to emissions from heavy duty vehicles (Euro
VI) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance information and
amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 and Directive 2007/46/EC and
repealing Directives 80/1269/EEC, 2005/55/EC and 2005/78/EC
ONLINE
07.1
DIRECTIVE 2009/33/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of clean and energy-
efficient road transport vehicles ONLINE
08.1
COMMISSION REGULATION (EC) No 692/2008 of 18 July 2008
implementing and amending Regulation (EC) No 715/2007 of the
European Parliament and of the Council on type-approval of motor
vehicles with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial
vehicles (Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and
maintenance information
ONLINE
08.2
REGULATION (EC) No 715/2007 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND
OF THE COUNCIL of 20 June 2007 on type approval of motor vehicles
with respect to emissions from light passenger and commercial vehicles
(Euro 5 and Euro 6) and on access to vehicle repair and maintenance
information
ONLINE
09.1
DIRECTIVE 2001/81/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 23 October 2001 on national emission ceilings for certain
atmospheric pollutants ONLINE
10.1
DIRECTIVE 2000/60/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community
action in the field of water policy ONLINE
11.1
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/13/EC of 11 March 1999 on the limitation of
emissions of volatile organic compounds due to the use of organic
solvents in certain activities and installations ONLINE
12.1
COUNCIL DECISION 97/101/EC of 27 January 1997 establishing a
reciprocal exchange of information and data from networks and
individual stations measuring ambient air pollution within the
Member States (EoI Decision) ONLINE
13.1
DIRECTIVE 97/68/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 16 December 1997 on the approximation of the laws of
the Member States relating to measures against the emission of
gaseous and particulate pollutants from internal combustion engines
to be installed in non-road mobile machinery (consolidated text)
ONLINE
14.1
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 96/62/EC of 27 September 1996 on ambient air
quality assessment and management (Air Quality Framework Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)
ONLINE
14.2
DIRECTIVE 2002/3/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 12 February 2002 relating to ozone in ambient air (Third Daughter Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)
ONLINE
14.3
DIRECTIVE 2000/69/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 16 November 2000 relating to limit values for benzene
and carbon monoxide in ambient air (Second Daughter Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)
ONLINE
14.4
COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 1999/30/EC of 22 April 1999 relating to limit values
for sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and oxides of nitrogen,
particulate matter and lead in ambient air (First Daughter Directive) (repealed as from 11 June 2010)
ONLINE
15.1 Council Directive 85/203/EEC of 7 March 1985 on air quality standards
for nitrogen dioxide ONLINE
16.1 Council Directive 82/884/EEC of 3 December 1982 on a limit value for
lead in the air ONLINE
Environmental Noise
17.1 Introduction. Thematic Briefing – Environmental Noise (2015), European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen
209
Environmental Noise Directive
18.1
DIRECTIVE 2002/49/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise
213
18.2
COMMISSION DIRECTIVE (EU) 2015/996 of 19 May 2015 establishing
common noise assessment methods according to Directive 2002/49/EC
of the European Parliament and of the Council ONLINE
18.3
European Commission, Report from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council on the implementation of the Environmental Noise Directive in accordance with Article 11 of Directive 2002/49/EC COM (2011) 321 final, 01.06.2011 (not published in the Official Journal)
227
19.1
European Commission, Report from the Commission to the European
Parliament and the Council concerning existing Community measures
relating to sources of environmental noise, pursuant to article 10.1 of
Directive 2002/49/EC relating to the assessment and management of
environmental noise COM (2004) 160 final, 10 March 2004
ONLINE
Environmental Noise Legislation (additional documents)
20.1
COMMISSION IMPLEMENTING REGULATION (EU) 2015/429 of 13 March
2015 setting out the modalities to be followed for the application of
the charging for the cost of noise effects ONLINE
21.1
REGULATION (EU) No 598/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND
OF THE COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 on the establishment of rules and
procedures with regard to the introduction of noise-related operating
restrictions at Union airports within a Balanced Approach and
repealing Directive 2002/30/EC
ONLINE
22.1
REGULATION (EU) No 540/2014 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND
OF THE COUNCIL of 16 April 2014 on the sound level of motor vehicles
and of replacement silencing systems, and amending Directive
2007/46/EC and repealing Directive 70/157/EEC ONLINE
23.1
REGULATION (EU) No 168/2013 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND
OF THE COUNCIL of 15 January 2013 on the approval and market
surveillance of two- or three-wheel vehicles and quadricycles ONLINE
24.1
COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) No 748/2012 of 3 August 2012 laying
down implementing rules for the airworthiness and environmental
certification of aircraft and related products, parts and appliances, as
well as for the certification of design and production organisations ONLINE
25.1
REGULATION (EC) No 216/2008 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND
OF THE COUNCIL of 20 February 2008 on common rules in the field of
civil aviation and establishing a European Aviation Safety Agency, and
repealing Council Directive 91/670/EEC, Regulation (EC) No 1592/2002
and Directive 2004/36/EC
ONLINE
26.1
DIRECTIVE 2008/57/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 17 June 2008 on the interoperability of the rail system
within the Community (consolidated version) ONLINE
27.1
DIRECTIVE 2006/93/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 12 December 2006 on the regulation of the operation of
aeroplanes covered by Part II, Chapter 3 , Volume 1 of Annex 16 to the
Convention on International Civil Aviation, second edition (1988) (codified version)
ONLINE
28.1
DIRECTIVE 2005/88/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 14 December 2005 amending Directive 2000/14/EC on the
approximation of the laws of the Member States relating to the noise
emission in the environment by equipment for use outdoors
ONLINE
29.1
DIRECTIVE 2002/30/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 26 March 2002 on the establishment of rules and
procedures with regard to the introduction of noise-related operating
restrictions at Community airports
ONLINE
30.1
DIRECTIVE 2001/16/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 19 March 2001 on the interoperability of the trans-
European conventional rail system
ONLINE
31.1
DIRECTIVE 2000/14/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 8 May 2000 on the approximation of the laws of the
Member States relating to the noise emission in the environment by
equipment for use outdoors
ONLINE
32.1
DIRECTIVE 1999/62/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 17 June 1999 on the charging of heavy goods vehicles for
the use of certain infrastructures
ONLINE
32.2
DIRECTIVE 2011/76/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 27 September 2011 amending Directive 1999/62/EC on the
charging of heavy goods vehicles for the use of certain infrastructures
ONLINE
33.1
DIRECTIVE 94/25/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 16 June 1994 on the approximation of the laws,
regulations and administrative provisions of the Member States
relating to recreational craft
ONLINE
33.2
DIRECTIVE 2013/53/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 20 November 2013 on recreational craft and personal
watercraft and repealing Directive 94/25/EC as of 18 January 2016
ONLINE
33.3
DIRECTIVE 2003/44/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 16 June 2003 amending Directive 94/25/EC on the
approximation of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions
of the Member States relating to recreational craft
ONLINE
Access to Justice Legislation
34.1
REGULATION (EC) No 1367/2006 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 6 September 2006 on the application of the provisions of the Aarhus Convention on Access to Information, Public Participation in Decision-making and Access to Justice in Environmental Matters to Community institutions and bodies
240
35.1
Directive 2003/35/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of
26 May 2003 providing for public participation in respect of the
drawing up of certain plans and programmes relating to the
environment and amending with regard to public participation and
access to justice Council Directives 85/337/EEC and 96/61/EC
ONLINE
36.1
DIRECTIVE 2003/4/EC OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE
COUNCIL of 28 January 2003 on public access to environmental
information and repealing Council Directive 90/313/EEC
247
EU and Member States’ Case Law
37. Case C-137/14, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 15 October
2015, European Commission v Federal Republic of Germany ONLINE
38. Case E-7/15, Judgement of the EFTA Court delivered in open court on 2
October 2015, EFTA Surveillance Authority v The Kingdom of Norway ONLINE
39.
Case N° 369428, Judgement of the Council of State (Conseil d’État) of
France, 6th / 1st United Subsection (Sous-Sections réunies (SSR)) of 10
June 2015 (available only in French) ONLINE
40.1
C-404/13, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 19 November
2014, The Queen, on the application of ClientEarth v Secretary of State
for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs.
254
40.2
[related to C-404/13] Judgement of the UK Supreme Court of 16 April
2015 in Case [2012] EWCA Civ 897 ClientEarth v Secretary of State for
the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
264
41.
Judgement of the Supreme Federal Administrative Court of Germany
(Bundesverwaltungsgericht) of 5 September 2013 in Case [2013] C
21.12, “Darmstadt/Germany” case (available only in German)
ONLINE
42. C-420/11, Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 14 March 2013,
Jutta Leth v Republik Österreich and Land Niederösterreich 296
43. C-68/11, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 19 December 2012,
European Commission v Italian Republic 306
44. C-34/11, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 15 November 2012.
European Commission v Portuguese Republic ONLINE
45. C-120/10, Judgment of the Court (First Chamber) of 8 September 2011,
European Air Transport SA v Collège d'Environnement de la Région de ONLINE
Bruxelles-Capitale and Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Reference for a
preliminary ruling: Conseil d'État - Belgium
46.
C-240/09, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 8 March 2011,
Lesoochranárske zoskupenie VLK v Ministerstvo životného prostredia
Slovenskej republiky
316
47.
Joined cases C-165/09 to C-167/09, Judgment of the Court (First
Chamber) of 26 May 2011, Stichting Natuur en Milieu and Others v
College van Gedeputeerde Staten van Groningen (C-165/09) and
College van Gedeputeerde Staten van Zuid-Holland (C-166/09 and C-
167/09)
327
48.
C-115/09, Judgment of the Court (Fourth Chamber) of 12 May 2011,
Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland, Landesverband
Nordrhein-Westfalen eV v Bezirksregierung Arnsberg ONLINE
49. C-28/09, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 21 December
2011, European Commission v Republic of Austria ONLINE
50.
C-263/08, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 15 October
2009, Djurgården-Lilla Värtans Miljöskyddsförening v Stockholms
kommun genom dess marknämnd ONLINE
51. C-237/07, Judgment of the Court (Second Chamber) of 25 July 2008, Dieter Janecek v Freistaat Bayern. 348
52. C-138/06, Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 14 December
2006, Commission of the European Communities v United Kingdom ONLINE
53. C-78/06, Judgment of the Court (Fifth Chamber) of 7 December 2006 –
Commission v Luxembourg (French) ONLINE
54. C-320/03, Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 15 November
2005, Commission of the European Communities v Republic of Austria ONLINE
55. C-387/97, Judgment of the Court of 4 July 2000, Commission of the
European Communities v Hellenic Republic ONLINE
56. C-361/88, Judgment of the Court of 30 May 1991, Commission of the
European Communities v Federal Republic of Germany ONLINE
57. C- 6/64, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1964. Flaminio Costa v
E.N.E.L. ONLINE
58. C-25/62, Judgment of the Court of 15 July 1963, Plaumann & Co. v
Commission of the European Economic Community ONLINE
Useful documents: International law
59. UN ECE, Protecting your Environment – The Power is in your Hands: A
Quick Guide to the Aarhus Convention (April, 2014) ONLINE
60. UNECE, The Aarhus Convention: An Implementation Guide (2nd ed)
(2013) ONLINE
61. Andrusevych, A et al., Case Law of the Aarhus Convention Compliance
Committee (2004 – 2011) (2nded) ONLINE
62.
CONVENTION ON ACCESS TO INFORMATION, PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
IN DECISION-MAKING AND ACCESS TO JUSTICE IN ENVIRONMENTAL
MATTERS, Aarhus, Denmark, 25 June 1998 ONLINE
63. 1979 Geneva Convention on Long-range Transboundary Air Pollution ONLINE
64. UN ECE, Guidance Document on the Aarhus Convention Compliance
Mechanism (undated) ONLINE
Useful documents: policy documents, reports, fact sheets
65. European Environment State and Outlook report (SOER 2015),
European Environment Agency, Copenhagen ONLINE
66. Air quality planning development guidance (2015), prepared by the
Institute of Air Quality Management, UK ONLINE
67. EEA (2014), Air quality in Europe - 2014 report, EEA Report No 5/2014,
European Environmental Agency ONLINE
68. EEA (2014), Noise in Europe 2014, EEA Report No 10/2014, European
Environment Agency, Copenhagen ONLINE
69. The Clean Air Handbook. A practical guide to EU air quality law (2014,
Client Earth) ONLINE
70. Air Pollution country fact sheets (2014), prepared by the European
Environmental Agency ONLINE
71.
European Commission, Report from the Commission: Aarhus
Convention Implementation Report COM (2014) 2506 final, 16 April
2014
ONLINE
72. Exceedance of air quality limit values in urban areas (November 2014),
report by the European Environmental Agency ONLINE
73.
DECISION No 1386/2013/EU OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF
THE COUNCIL of 20 November 2013 on a General Union Environment
Action Programme to 2020 ‘Living well, within the limits of our planet’ (7th Environment Action Programme)
ONLINE
74.
European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the
European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social
Committee and the Committee of the Regions on a Clean Air
Programme for Europe COM (2013) 918 final, 18 December 2013 ONLINE
75.
Zones in Relation to EU Air Quality Thresholds (2012) (with special regard to the maps with the reported exceedances of air quality limit values)
ONLINE
76.
European Commission, Report from the Commission to the Council and
the European Parliament on the experience gained in the application
of Directive 2003/4/EC on public access to environmental information
COM (2012) 774 final, 17 December 2012
ONLINE
77.
European Commission, Improving the delivery of benefits from EU
environment measures: building confidence through better
knowledge and responsiveness COM (2012) 95 final, 7 March 2012
ONLINE
78.
European Commission, Communication from the Commission to the
Council and the European Parliament on Thematic Strategy on air
pollution COM (2005) 446 final, 21 September 2005 ONLINE
79.
European Commission, Communication from the Commission on the
Clean Air for Europe (CAFE) Programme: Towards a Thematic Strategy
for Air Quality COM (2001) 245 final, 04 May 2001
ONLINE
Documentation
COMMENT APPREHENDER UNE PROCEDURE
JUDICIAIRE INVOQUANT LE NON-RESPECT DE
LA LEGISLATION DE L’UE CONCERNANT LA
QUALITE DE L’AIR OU LA GESTION DU BRUIT
Séminaire sur le droit environnemental de l’UE pour
les juges nationaux
“Comment appréhender une procédure judiciaire
invoquant le non-respect de la législation de l’UE
concernant la qualité de l’air ou la gestion du bruit”
III. Documentation de base
Documents adoptés par l’Union Européenne
Qualité de l’air
01.
Introduction. Thematic Briefing – Air pollution (2015), European
Environmental Agency, Copenhagen
(accessible en anglais uniquement)
1
Droit de l’UE sur la qualité de l’air
02.1
DIRECTIVE 2011/92/UE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 13 décembre 2011 concernant l’évaluation des
incidences de certains projets publics et privés sur
l’environnement (texte codifié) (Directive d'évaluation d'impact environnemental (EIA))
EN LIGNE
02.2
DIRECTIVE 2014/52/UE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 16 avril 2014 modifiant la directive 2011/92/UE
concernant l'évaluation des incidences de certains projets
publics et privés sur l'environnement (Directive amendée sur l'évaluation d'impact environnemental (EIA))
EN LIGNE
02.3 Version non consolidée (non officielle) sur la Directive EIA (accessible uniquement en anglais) 5
02.4
Commission Européenne, RAPPORT DE LA COMMISSION AU
CONSEIL, AU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN, AU COMITÉ ÉCONOMIQUE
ET SOCIAL EUROPÉEN ET AU COMITÉ DES RÉGIONS sur
l'application et l'efficacité de la directive EIE (directive
85/337/CEE modifiée par les directives 97/11/CE et 2003/35/CE)
COM 82009) 378 final
EN LIGNE
03.1
DIRECTIVE 2010/75/UE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 24 novembre 2010 relative aux émissions
industrielles (prévention et réduction intégrées de la pollution)
(refonte)
40
03.2
DÉCISION D'EXÉCUTION DE LA COMMISSION du 9 octobre 2014
établissant les conclusions sur les meilleures techniques
disponibles (MTD), au titre de la directive 2010/75/UE du
Parlement européen et du Conseil relative aux émissions
industrielles, pour le raffinage de pétrole et de gaz
EN LIGNE
03.3
DÉCISION D’EXÉCUTION DE LA COMMISSION du 26 mars 2013
établissant les conclusions sur les meilleures techniques
disponibles (MTD) pour la production de ciment, de chaux et
d'oxyde de magnésium, au titre de la directive 2010/75/UE du
Parlement européen et du Conseil relative aux émissions
industrielles
EN LIGNE
03.4
DÈCISION D’EXÈCUTION DE LA COMMISSION du 28 février 2012
établissant les conclusions sur les meilleures techniques
disponibles (MTD) pour la fabrication du verre, au titre de la
directive 2010/75/UE du Parlement européen et du Conseil
relative aux émissions industrielles
EN LIGNE
04.1
DIRECTIVE 2008/50/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 21 mai 2008 concernant la qualité de l’air ambiant et
un air pur pour l’Europe
143
04.2
DIRECTIVE 2004/107/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 15 décembre 2004 concernant l'arsenic, le cadmium,
le mercure, le nickel et les hydrocarbures aromatiques
polycycliques dans l'air ambiant (Quatrième «Directive-fille»)
187
05.1
DIRECTIVE 2001/42/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 27 juin 2001 relative à l'évaluation des incidences de
certains plans et programmes sur l'environnement (l'évaluation
stratégique environnementale – SEA Directive)
201
Droit de l’UE sur la qualité de l’air ( documents additionnels)
06.1
RÈGLEMENT (CE) No 595/2009 DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 18 juin 2009 relatif à la réception des véhicules à
moteur et des moteurs au regard des émissions des véhicules
utilitaires lourds (Euro VI) et à l’accès aux informations sur la
réparation et l’entretien des véhicules, modifiant le règlement
(CE) n o 715/2007 et la directive 2007/46/CE, et abrogeant les
directives 80/1269/CEE, 2005/55/CE et 2005/78/CE
EN LIGNE
07.1
DIRECTIVE 2009/33/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 23 avril 2009 relative à la promotion des véhicules de
transport routier propres et économes en énergie
EN LIGNE
08.1 RÈGLEMENT (CE) No 692/2008 DE LA COMMISSION du 18 juillet
2008 portant application et modification du règlement (CE) no
715/2007 du Parlement européen et du Conseil du 20 juin 2007
EN LIGNE
relatif à la réception des véhicules à moteur au regard des
émissions des véhicules particuliers et utilitaires légers (Euro 5 et
Euro 6) et aux informations sur la réparation et l’entretien des
véhicules
08.2
RÈGLEMENT (CE) No 715/2007 DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 20 juin 2007 relatif à la réception des véhicules à
moteur au regard des émissions des véhicules particuliers et
utilitaires légers (Euro 5 et Euro 6) et aux informations sur la
réparation et l’entretien des véhicules
EN LIGNE
09.1
DIRECTIVE 2001/81/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 23 octobre 2001 fixant des plafonds d'émission
nationaux pour certains polluants atmosphériques
EN LIGNE
10.1
DIRECTIVE 2000/60/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 23 octobre 2000 établissant un cadre pour une
politique communautaire dans le domaine de l'eau
EN LIGNE
11.1
DIRECTIVE 1999/13/CE DU CONSEIL du 11 mars 1999 relative à la
réduction des émissions de composés organiques volatils dues à
l'utilisation de solvants organiques dans certaines activités et
installations
EN LIGNE
12.1
DÉCISION DU CONSEIL du 27 janvier 1997 établissant un échange
réciproque d'informations et de données provenant des réseaux
et des stations individuelles mesurant la pollution de l'air
ambiant dans les États membres (EoL Décision)
EN LIGNE
13.1
DIRECTIVE 97/68/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU CONSEIL
du 16 décembre 1997 sur le rapprochement des législations des
États membres relatives aux mesures contre les émissions de gaz
et de particules polluantes provenant des moteurs à combustion
interne destinés aux engins mobiles non routiers (version
consolidée)
EN LIGNE
14.1
DIRECTIVE 96/62/CE DU CONSEIL du 27 septembre 1996
concernant l'évaluation et la gestion de la qualité de l'air
ambiant (Directive cadre sur la qualité de l'air) (abrogée le 11
juin 2010)
EN LIGNE
14.2
DIRECTIVE 2002/3/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU CONSEIL
du 12 février 2002 relative à l'ozone dans l'air ambiant
(Troisième «Directive-fille») (abrogée le 11 juin 2010)
EN LIGNE
14.3
DIRECTIVE 2000/69/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 16 novembre 2000 concernant les valeurs limites
pour le benzène et le monoxyde de carbone dans l'air ambiant
(Deuxième «Directive-fille») (abrogée le 11 juin 2010)
EN LIGNE
14.4
DIRECTIVE 1999/30/CE du Conseil, du 22 avril 1999, relative à la
fixation de valeurs limites pour l'anhydride sulfureux, le dioxyde
d'azote et les oxydes d'azote, les particules et le plomb dans l'air
ambiant (Première «Directive-fille») (abrogée le 11 Juin 2010)
EN LIGNE
15.1 Directive 85/203/CEE du Conseil du 7 mars 1985 concernant les
normes de qualité de l'air pour le dioxyde d'azote EN LIGNE
16.1 Directive 82/884/CEE du Conseil, du 3 décembre 1982, concernant
une valeur limite pour le plomb contenu dans l'atmosphère EN LIGNE
Pollution par le bruit
17.1
Introduction. Thematic Briefing – Environmental Noise (2015), European Environmental Agency, Copenhagen (accessible uniquement en anglais)
209
Directives et rapports de l’UE sur la pollution par le bruit
18.1
DIRECTIVE 2002/49/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 25 juin 2002 relative à l’évaluation et à la gestion du
bruit dans l’environnement
213
18.2
DIRECTIVE (UE) 2015/996 DE LA COMMISSION du 19 mai 2015
établissant des méthodes communes d'évaluation du bruit
conformément à la directive 2002/49/CE du Parlement européen
et du Conseil
EN LIGNE
18.3
RAPPORT DE LA COMMISSION AU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET AU
CONSEIL sur la mise en œuvre de la directive relative au bruit
dans l’environnement conformément à l’article 11 de la directive
2002/49/CE COM (2011) 321 final, 01.06.2011 (pas publié dans le
Journal Officiel)
227
19.1
RAPPORT DE LA COMMISSION AU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET AU
CONSEIL sur les mesures communautaires en vigueur concernant
les sources de bruit dans l’environnement, conformément à
l'article 10, paragraphe 1, de la directive 2002/49/CE relative à
l'évaluation et à la gestion du bruit dans l'environnement COM
(2004) 160 final, 10 Mars 2004
EN LIGNE
Droit de l’UE sur la pollution par le bruit (documents additionnels)
20.1
RÈGLEMENT D'EXÉCUTION (UE) 2015/429 DE LA COMMISSION du
13 mars 2015 déterminant les modalités à suivre pour
l'application des redevances correspondant au coût des effets du
bruit
EN LIGNE
21.1 RÈGLEMENT (UE) N o 598/2014 DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET
DU CONSEIL du 16 avril 2014 relatif à l’établissement de règles et EN LIGNE
de procédures concernant l’introduction de restrictions
d’exploitation liées au bruit dans les aéroports de l’Union, dans
le cadre d’une approche équilibrée, et abrogeant la directive
2002/30/CE
22.1
RÈGLEMENT (UE) No 540/2014 DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 16 avril 2014 concernant le niveau sonore des
véhicules à moteur et des systèmes de silencieux de
remplacement, et modifiant la directive 2007/46/CE et abrogeant
la directive 70/157/CEE
EN LIGNE
23.1
RÈGLEMENT (UE) N o 168/2013 DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET
DU CONSEIL du 15 janvier 2013 relatif à la réception et à la
surveillance du marché des véhicules à deux ou trois roues et des
quadricycles
EN LIGNE
24.1
RÈGLEMENT (UE) N o 748/2012 DE LA COMMISSION du 3 août
2012 établissant des règles d'application pour la certification de
navigabilité et environnementale des aéronefs et produits,
pièces et équipements associés, ainsi que pour la certification des
organismes de conception et de production
EN LIGNE
25.1
RÈGLEMENT (CE) No 216/2008 DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 20 février 2008 concernant des règles communes
dans le domaine de l'aviation civile et instituant une Agence
européenne de la sécurité aérienne, et abrogeant la directive
91/670/CEE du Conseil, le règlement (CE) no 1592/2002 et la
directive 2004/36/CE
EN LIGNE
26.1
DIRECTIVE 2008/57/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 17 juin 2008 relative à l'interopérabilité du système
ferroviaire au sein de la Communauté (version consolidée)
EN LIGNE
27.1
DIRECTIVE 2006/93/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 12 décembre 2006 relative à la réglementation de
l'exploitation des avions relevant de l'annexe 16 de la
convention relative à l'aviation civile internationale, volume 1,
deuxième partie, chapitre 3, deuxième édition (1988) (version
codifiée)
EN LIGNE
28.1
DIRECTIVE 2005/88/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 14 décembre 2005 modifiant la directive 2000/14/CE
concernant le rapprochement des législations des États membres
relatives aux émissions sonores dans l’environnement des
matériels destinés à être utilisés à l’extérieur des bâtiments
EN LIGNE
29.1 DIRECTIVE 2002/30/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 26 mars 2002 relative à l'établissement de règles et
procédures concernant l'introduction de restrictions
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d'exploitation liées au bruit dans les aéroports de la
Communauté
30.1
DIRECTIVE 2001/16/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 19 mars 2001 relative à l'interopérabilité du système
ferroviaire transeuropéen conventionnel
EN LIGNE
31.1
DIRECTIVE 2000/14/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPE´ EN ET DU
CONSEIL du 8 mai 2000 concernant le rapprochement des
législations des États membres relatives aux émissions sonores
dans l’environnement des matériels destinés à être utilisés à
l’extérieur des bâtiments
EN LIGNE
32.1
DIRECTIVE 1999/62/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 17 juin 1999 relative à la taxation des poids lourds
pour l'utilisation de certaines infrastructures
EN LIGNE
32.2
DIRECTIVE 2011/76/UE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 27 septembre 2011 modifiant la directive 1999/62/CE
relative à la taxation des poids lourds pour l’utilisation de
certaines infrastructures
EN LIGNE
33.1
DIRECTIVE 94/25/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPEEN ET DU CONSEIL
du 16 juin 1994 concernant le rapprochement des dispositions
législatives, réglementaires et administratives des États membres
relatives aux bateaux de plaisance
EN LIGNE
33.2
DIRECTIVE 2013/53/UE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 20 novembre 2013 relative aux bateaux de plaisance
et aux véhicules nautiques à moteur et abrogeant la directive
94/25/CE à compter du 18 janvier 2016
EN LIGNE
33.3
DIRECTIVE 2003/44/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 16 juin 2003 modifiant la directive 94/25/CE
concernant le rapprochement des dispositions législatives,
réglementaires et administratives des États membres relatives
aux bateaux de plaisance
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Droit de l’UE sur l’accès à la justice
34.1
RÈGLEMENT (CE) No 1367/2006 DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET
DU CONSEIL du 6 septembre 2006 concernant l’application aux
institutions et organes de la Communauté européenne des
dispositions de la convention d’Aarhus sur l’accès à l’information,
la participation du public au processus décisionnel et l’accès à la
justice en matière d’environnement
243
35.1 DIRECTIVE 2003/35/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 26 mai 2003 prévoyant la participation du public lors
de l'élaboration de certains plans et programmes relatifs à
EN LIGNE
l'environnement, et modifiant, en ce qui concerne la
participation du public et l'accès à la justice, les directives
85/337/CEE et 96/61/CE du Conseil
36.1
DIRECTIVE 2003/4/CE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU CONSEIL du 28
janvier 2003 concernant l'accès du public à l'information en matière
d'environnement et abrogeant la directive 90/313/CEE du Conseil
250
Décisions de la CJEU et des juridictions nationales
37.
Affaire C‑137/14, ARRÊT DE LA COUR (deuxième chambre) 15
octobre 2015, Commission européenne c. République fédérale
d’Allemagne
EN LIGNE
38.
Case E-7/15, Judgement of the EFTA Court delivered in open court on 2
October 2015, EFTA Surveillance Authority v The Kingdom of Norway
(accessible uniquement en anglais)
EN LIGNE
39. Affaire N° 369428, Jugement par le Conseil d'État, 6ème chambre,
1ère SSR(Sous-Sections réunies), 10 juin 2015 EN LIGNE
40.1
Affaire C‑404/13, Arrêt de la Cour (deuxième chambre) du 19
novembre 2014, The Queen, à la demande de ClientEarth c. The
Secretary of State for the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
257
40.2
[related to C-404/13] Judgement of the UK Supreme Court of 16 April
2015 in Case [2012] EWCA Civ 897 ClientEarth v Secretary of State for
the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs
(accessible uniquement en anglais)
268
41.
Jugement du Tribunal Administratif Federal de l’Allemagne
(Bundesverwaltungsgericht) du 5 septembre 2013 dans l’affaire
[2013] C 21.12, “Darmstadt/Allemagne” (seulement disponible
en allemande)
EN LIGNE
42. Affaire C‑420/11, ARRÊT DE LA COUR (quatrième chambre) 14
mars 2013, Leth c. Republik Österreich, Land Niederösterreich 300
43. Affaire C-68/11, ARRÊT DE LA COUR (première chambre) 19
décembre 2012, Commission européenne c. République Italienne 311
44.
Affaire C-34/11, ARRÊT DE LA COUR (première chambre) 15
novembre 2012, Commission européenne c. République
Portugaise EN LIGNE
45.
Affaire C-120/10, ARRÊT DE LA COUR (première chambre) 8
septembre 2011, European Air Transport SA c. Collège
d’environnement de la Région de Bruxelles-Capitale, Région de
Bruxelles-Capitale
EN LIGNE
46.
Affaire C-240/09, ARRÊT DE LA COUR (grande chambre) 8 mars
2011, Lesoochranárske zoskupenie VLK c. Ministerstvo životného
prostredia Slovenskej republiky
322
47.
Affaires jointes C-165/09 à C-167/09, ARRÊT DE LA COUR
(première chambre) 26 mai 2011, Stichting Natuur en Milieu et
d’autres c. van Gedeputeerde Staten van Groningen (C-165/09),
et College van Gedeputeerde Staten van Zuid-Holland (C-166/09
et C-167/09)
333
48.
Affaire C-155/09, ARRÊT DE LA COUR (quatrième chambre) 12
mai 2011, Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland,
Landesverband Nordrhein‑Westfalen eV c. Bezirksregierung
Arnsberg
EN LIGNE
49. Affaire C-28/09, ARRÊT DE LA COUR (grande chambre) 21 décembre
2011, Commission européenne c. République d’Autriche EN LIGNE
50.
Affaire C-263/08, ARRÊT DE LA COUR (deuxième chambre) 15
octobre 2009, Djurgården-Lilla Värtans Miljöskyddsförening c.
Stockholms kommun genom dess marknämnd
EN LIGNE
51. Affaire C-237/07, Arrêt de la Cour (deuxième chambre) du 25
juillet 2008, Dieter Janecek c. Freistaat Bayern 356
52.
Affaire C-138/06, Arrêt de la Cour (cinquième chambre) du 14
décembre 2006, Commission des Communautés européennes c.
Royaume-Uni
EN LIGNE
53.
Affaire C-78/06, Arrêt de la Cour (cinquième chambre) du 7 décembre
2006, Commission des Communautés européennes c. Grand-Duché de
Luxembourg
EN LIGNE
54. Affaire C-320/03, Arrêt de la Cour (grande chambre) du 15 novembre
2005, Commission des Communautés européennes c. République
d'Autriche
EN LIGNE
55. Affaire C-387/97, Arrêt de la Cour du 4 juillet 2000, Commission des
Communautés européennes c. République Hellénique
EN LIGNE
56. Affaire C-361/88, Arrêt de la Cour du 30 mai 1991,Commission des
Communautés européennes c. République fédérale d'Allemagne
EN LIGNE
57. Affaire C-6/64, Arrêt de la Cour du 15 juillet 1964, Flaminio Costa
contre E.N.E.L
EN LIGNE
58. Affaire C-25/62, Arrêt de la Cour du 15 juillet 1963, Plaumann &
Co. c. Commission de la Communauté économique européenne
EN LIGNE
Documents d’intérêt relevant du droit international
59. CEE, Protéger votre environnement- vous en avez le pouvoir : Un
Guide Rapide de la Convention d’Aarhus (Avril 2014) EN LIGNE
60. CEE, La Convention d’Aarhus: Guide d’application (2ème édition) EN LIGNE
61.
Andrusevych, A et al., Case Law of the Aarhus Convention
Compliance Committee (2004 – 2011) (2nded)
(uniquement accessible en anglais)
EN LIGNE
62.
CONVENTION SUR L'ACCES A L'INFORMATION, LA
PARTICIPATION DU PUBLIC AU PROCESSUS DECISIONNEL ET
L'ACCES A LA JUSTICE EN MATIERE D'ENVIRONNEMENT, Aarhus,
Danemark le 25 juin 1998
EN LIGNE
63. 1979,Genève, Convention sur la pollution atmosphérique
transfrontière a longue distance
EN LIGNE
64.
UN ECE, Guidance Document on the Aarhus Convention
Compliance Mechanism (undated)
(accessible uniquement en anglais)
EN LIGNE
Documents d’intérêt portant sur la politique environnemental,
rapports et fiches de renseignement
65. L’environnement en Europe, état et perspectives 2015 (SOER15)
agence européenne pour l’environnement
EN LIGNE
66.
Air quality planning development guidance (2015), prepared by
the Institute of Air Quality Management, UK
(accessible uniquement en anglais)
EN LIGNE
67.
EEA (2014), Air quality in Europe - 2014 report, EEA Report No 5/2014,
European Environmental Agency
(accessible uniquement en anglais)
EN LIGNE
68.
EEA (2014), Noise in Europe 2014, EEA Report No 10/2014, European
Environment Agency, Copenhagen (accessible uniquement en anglais)
EN LIGNE
69.
The Clean Air Handbook. A practical guide to EU air quality law (2014,
Client Earth)
(accessible uniquement en anglais)
EN LIGNE
70. Fiches de renseignements de pays de pollution de l'air (2014),
préparées par l'Agence Européenne de l'Environnement
EN LIGNE
71.
Commission européenne, Rapport de la Commission : mise en
œuvre de la Convention d'Aarhus COM (2014), 2506 finale, le 16
avril 2014
EN LIGNE
72.
Exceedance of air quality limit values in urban areas (November
2014), report by the European Environmental Agency
(accessible uniquement en anglais)
EN LIGNE
73.
DÉCISION No 1386/2013/UE DU PARLEMENT EUROPÉEN ET DU
CONSEIL du 20 novembre 2013 relative à un programme d’action
général de l’Union pour l’environnement à l’horizon 2020 «Bien
vivre, dans les limites de notre planète» (7ème programme
d’action environnementale)
EN LIGNE
74.
COMMUNICATION DE LA COMMISSION AU PARLEMENT
EUROPÉEN, AU CONSEIL, AU COMITÉ ÉCONOMIQUE ET SOCIAL
EUROPÉEN ET AU COMITÉ DES RÉGIONS Programme «Air pur
pour l’Europe» COM (2013) 918 final, 18 décembre 2013
EN LIGNE
75.
Zones in Relation to EU Air Quality Thresholds (2012) (with
special regard to the maps with the reported exceedances of air
quality limit values)
(accessible uniquement en anglais)
EN LIGNE
76.
RAPPORT DE LA COMMISSION AU CONSEIL ET AU PARLEMENT
EUROPÉEN SUR L'EXPÉRIENCE ACQUISE DANS L'APPLICATION DE
LA DIRECTIVE 2003/4/CE CONCERNANT L'ACCÈS DU PUBLIC À
L'INFORMATION EN MATIÈRE D'ENVIRONNEMENT, COM (2012)
774 final, 17 décembre 2012
EN LIGNE
77.
COMMUNICATION DE LA COMMISSION AU PARLEMENT
EUROPÉEN, AU CONSEIL, AU COMITÉ ÉCONOMIQUE ET SOCIAL
EUROPÉEN ET AU COMITÉ DES RÉGIONS : tirer le meilleur parti
des mesures environnementales de l'UE: instaurer la confiance
par l'amélioration des connaissances et de la réactivité COM
(2012) 95 final, 7 March 2012
EN LIGNE
78.
Commission Européenne, COMMUNICATION DE LA COMMISSION
AU CONSEIL ET AU PARLEMENT EUROPEEN Stratégie thématique
sur la pollution atmosphérique, COM (2005) 446 final, 21
septembre 2005
EN LIGNE
79.
Commission Européenne, COMMUNICATION DE LA COMMISSION
Le programme "Air pur pour l'Europe" (CAFE): Vers une
stratégie thématique de la qualité de l'air, COM (2001) 245 final,
04. Mai 2001
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