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Traffic Signal
Performance Measures
Alex Hainen
University of Alabama
Darcy Bullock, Jim Sturdevant, Tom Brennan, Chris Day, Steve
Remias, Howell Li, Amanda Stevens, Steve Lavrenz, Rick
Freije, Ben Smith, Ross Haseman, Joey Ernst, Greg Richards,
Ed Cox, Tim Overman, Mark Taylor, Jamie Mackey, Jay Lindly,
Temple Inc., Md Abu Sufian Talukder, Elsa Tedla, Chris Terry,
Tim Britt, Mike Vickrey, Nick Crane, David Kemp, James
Brown, Tim Bunger, Tyler Fields, Walt Townsend
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Signal Timing Procedure
OPTIONS
1. Engineer / Synchro
2. Adaptive Signal Control
3. Data Driven Performance
Measures
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AASHTO Technology Implementation Group
http://tig.transportation.org
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State-wide Traffic Signal ManagementAASHTO Technology Implementation Group http://tig.transportation.org
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UDOT Cool Traffic Engineering
1/26/2016
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Alabama Website…Work in Progress
1/26/2016
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HOW THIS APPROACH WORKS
What is the new traffic data and how does it work?
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Using Traffic Signal DataConsider this “mini-corridor” for the Diamond at I-20/59 @ McFarland
Intersection 1
WB Ramp
Intersection 2
EB Ramp
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Example: Internal ProgressionNot just for the left-turns, but how is traffic progressing through the interchange
Intersection 1
WB Ramp
Intersection 2
EB Ramp
For this SB thru
movement, we can use
a Purdue Coordination
Diagram to monitor
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Purdue Coordination DiagramC:\Users\Alex\Desktop\pcd.mp4
https://www.youtube.com/embed/YhrtTuhcjMw
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I-465 @ SR-37Diamond Interchange w/Advanced Loops
Advanced
Detection
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Ø5
Ø6 Ø7
OL-HØ6+Ø7
Ø1
Ø2Ø3
OL-DØ1+Ø2
Ring DisplacementOffset Between Coordinated Phases
3 1 2*
7 5 6*
Rin
g 1
Rin
g 2
South
Intersection
North
Intersection
RD = 42s
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Ø5
Ø6 Ø7
OL-HØ6+Ø7
Ø1
Ø2Ø3
OL-DØ1+Ø2
Ring StructureFrom the HiRes Data, Plot the Rings
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Ø5
Ø6 Ø7
OL-HØ6+Ø7
Ø1
Ø2Ø3
OL-DØ1+Ø2
Ring
Displacement
Ring DisplacementHow is this parameter set?
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Ø5
Ø6 Ø7
OL-HØ6+Ø7
Ø1
Ø2Ø3
OL-DØ1+Ø2
SB Thru DetectorsConsider one of the four internal movements
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Ø5
Ø6 Ø7
OL-HØ6+Ø7
Ø1
Ø2Ø3
OL-DØ1+Ø2
Arrival on Green?Plot the green status of the overlap
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Ø5
Ø6 Ø7
OL-HØ6+Ø7
Ø1
Ø2Ø3
OL-DØ1+Ø2
Project the Detector Data295’ upstream ≈ 5 seconds @ 40 MPH
The engineer who set the ring displacement did a
fantastic job at arrivals on green for this movement!
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Ø5
Ø6 Ø7
OL-HØ6+Ø7
Ø1
Ø2Ø3
OL-DØ1+Ø2
Adjusting the ring displacementWhat effect would it have?
RD RD
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Ø5
Ø6 Ø7
OL-HØ6+Ø7
Ø1
Ø2Ø3
OL-DØ1+Ø2
Ring Displacement +10 SecondsWhat effect would it have?
RD+10 RD+10
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Ø5
Ø6 Ø7
OL-HØ6+Ø7
Ø1
Ø2Ø3
OL-DØ1+Ø2
Ring Displacement +20 SecondsVehicles from upstream arrive later
RD +20 RD +20
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Ø5
Ø6 Ø7
OL-HØ6+Ø7
Ø1
Ø2Ø3
OL-DØ1+Ø2
Ring Displacement +20 SecondsVehicles from upstream arrive later
By moving the ring displacement 20 seconds
forward, the lagging WBL from the north ramp
movement arrives at the south intersection on OL-D
red while the EBL at the south ramp is served…
Not Good!
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0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
SB Thru
points
Optimization CurvesLet’s Look at the Southbound Thru (Our +0, +10, +20 example)
SB Thru
Pe
rce
nt o
n G
ree
n
Ring Displacement Adjustment
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0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
SB Thru
points
Optimization CurvesSouthbound Thru +10
SB Thru
Pe
rce
nt o
n G
ree
n
Ring Displacement Adjustment
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0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
SB Thru
points
Optimization CurvesSouthbound Thru +20
SB Thru
Pe
rce
nt o
n G
ree
n
Ring Displacement Adjustment
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0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
SB Thru
Optimization CurvesSouthbound Thru for the Full Sweep
SB Thru
Pe
rce
nt o
n G
ree
n
Ring Displacement Adjustment
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0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
SB Thru
NB Thru
SB Left
NB Left
Consider All Four Movements SimultaneouslyNBL, NBT, SBL, SBT
SB Thru
NB Thru
SB Left
NB Left
Pe
rce
nt o
n G
ree
n
Ring Displacement Adjustment
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0%
25%
50%
75%
100%
-40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40
SB Thru
NB Thru
SB Left
NB Left
COMPOSITE
Composite Interchange SweepThis is where all four movements are considered simultaneously
SB Thru
NB Thru
SB Left
NB Left
Composite
Pe
rce
nt o
n G
ree
n
Ring Displacement Adjustment
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Ø5
Ø6 Ø7
OL-HØ6+Ø7
Ø1
Ø2Ø3
OL-DØ1+Ø2
Purdue Coordination DiagramAlso Useful to Visualize Arrivals on Green
Time of Day
Tim
e in C
ycle
(S
eco
nds)
Start of
Green
Start of
Red
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Ø5
Ø6 Ø7
OL-HØ6+Ø7
Ø1
Ø2Ø3
OL-DØ1+Ø2
Purdue Coordination DiagramLooking at an entire plan (0900-1400)
Time of Day
Tim
e in C
ycle
(S
eco
nds)
9:0
0
10:0
0
11:0
0
12:0
0
13:0
0
14:0
0
Start of
Green
Start of
Red
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Ø5
Ø6 Ø7
OL-HØ6+Ø7
Ø1
Ø2Ø3
OL-DØ1+Ø2
24HR PCD: Sequence for 0900-1400First is Ø6 SBT, then Ø7 WBL from the ramp
Time of Day
Tim
e in C
ycle
(S
eco
nds)
Start of
Green
Start of
Red
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SEQUENCE OPTIMIZATION
A Brief 2-Slide Explanation and Cool Results Video
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I-69 / 96th Street Diamond InterchangeHow to handle the left-turn phasing?
Based on the
arriving platoons,
should the left
turn lead or lag?
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I-69 / 96th StreetWB Thru
0
30
60
90
120
9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00
0
30
60
90
120
9:00 10:00 11:00 12:00 13:00 14:00 15:00
BEFORE AOG = 5,866 AFTER AOG = 7,315 (+1,449)
Tim
e in
Cycle
(S
econds)
Tim
e in
Cycle
(S
econds)
S M T W T F S S M T W T F S
1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31
NOVEMBER 2013 DECEMBER 2013
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WBT After VideoC:\Users\Alex\Desktop\sequence.mp4
https://www.youtube.com/embed/B4qGZo2_0q4
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Tuscaloosa Signals 85 Signals covering 7 Corridors
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Sunnyside Avenue
E 1300 S
S 2300 E
E 1700 S
E 2100 S
Foothill Boulevard
UDOT Offset Salt Lake City
This was very effectiveto show executive staffthe benefits and improve-ments
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What do we need for this?Implementation of Data-Driven Performance Measures
• Detection
– Advanced, by-lane detection with crisp arrival information
– Need to capture each vehicle
• Communication
– Fiber is great, especially if existing
– Cellular is fine too. Also, radio can fill in the gaps
• Data-Logging Traffic Controllers
– Most modern controllers feature built-in data logging
– Siemens M54 & M60, Econolite ASC/3 & Cobalt, Peek
ATC1000
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Conclusion: These Graphics are Useful!Can they be included on newer generation traffic controllers?
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Conclusion: These Graphics are Useful!Can they be included on newer generation traffic controllers?
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Conclusion: High-Resolution Event-Based DataPowerful New Way to Monitor, Operate, and Optimize Signals
Siemens M52
Data Logging
Controller
alexhainen.com
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Programming Lots of Equipment
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Advanced Detection Installation – Wireless SetupOne detector in each lane, in each direction, 5 seconds upstream
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Advanced Detection InstallationContractor coring a 4” hole in AL-69S SB (just south of Skyland)
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Advanced Detection InstallationCompleted Sensor Install. Will be almost invisible.
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Installing Lots of Equipment