18 th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUR Acorn Road, Newcastle Traffic related pollution: Our progress managing air quality and carbon emissions Professor Margaret Bell CBE Newcastle University, School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Transport Operations Research Group
45
Embed
Traffic pollution, climate change and restricting car use
Prof Margaret Bell CBE (Newcastle University) http://www.ncl.ac.uk/transport/people/profile/margaret.bell speaking at Acorn Road group meeting 18 July 2013
Welcome message from author
This document is posted to help you gain knowledge. Please leave a comment to let me know what you think about it! Share it to your friends and learn new things together.
Transcript
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
Traffic related pollution: Our progress managing air quality and
carbon emissions
Professor Margaret Bell CBENewcastle University, School of Civil
Engineering and Geosciences,Transport Operations Research Group
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
This Presentation• Local Authority Responsibilities • History and health impacts• Effect of driver behaviour on emissions• Carbon Emissions: How are we doing?• Effect of tailpipe emissions on roadside concentrations• Background versus roadside monitoring• Some Solutions?• The Challenge• The Future• Summary But………………….
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
Responsibilities
Binding targets: 67% reduction eCO2 by 2050 over 2010Meet Air Quality Objectives - Nitrogen Dioxide and PM10Health: 50,000 deaths brought forward in 2010 due to poor air
qualityAccidents: In UK 1870 fatal accidents in 2010 Congestion:
• Damaging the economy• Major source emissions, • Destroying planet, • Reducing life expectancy and
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
History and Health Impacts
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
London Smog• 4th December 1952 for 5 days• 4,000 deaths• Anti cyclone over London, wind dropped, air
damp, thick fog• Air dark, tinged yellow, smelled of rotten eggs• Sulphur and other toxins from coal fires• BBC 5th December 2002 Reported
complaints– Mortality from bronchitis and pneumonia
increased >7 fold
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
London Smog
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
People and animals wore face masks
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
Problems Today• Smoke and sulphur dioxide pollution in cities is much lower
than in the past
• BUT rapid growth of transport in the last 20 years has resulted in a different kind of pollution in urban areas
• Nowadays Photochemical Smogs build up during warm sunny days in summer, when air pollutants are trapped at ground level
• Experienced in Europe and Los Angeles for many years due to climate
• UK Government responded imposing standards and tasking LA to establish Air Quality Management Areas
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
Traffic and Environmental Impacts
Source: The effects of emerging vehicle technologies on certain vehicle emissions not currently regulated (DfT 2006)
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
Pollutants sources
• CO (poor combustion of carbon fuel• NO2 (motor vehicles, combustion) • SO2 (combustion, power stations)• PM10 (diesel and combustion)• HC benzene, butadiene (petrol)• O3 (secondary from sunlight on NOx and VOCS)
• Pb (Industry - removed from petrol)
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
Cycling and walking: Win – Win for Health
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
Effect of Driver Behaviour on Emissions
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
Characterising UK vehicle emissions
Chassis dynamometer (e.g. Bath University)
Highly Instrumented vehicle (e.g. Leeds and Southampton University UK
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
RETEMM (Real-world Traffic Emissions Monitoring and Modelling) Project funded by UK EPSRC at Leeds University40 drivers (20 male, 20 female)Ages 21-63 years10 loops of the same 0.6km circuit
Data collection
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
(a) Carbon dioxide (b) Hydrocarbons (c) Oxides of Nitrogen
Driver 7 `
Driver 31
Over revving and Sloppy Gear changing is more polluting
Engine Speed versus Vehicle Speed
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
Summary
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
Summary• Scientific Evidence
– Not meeting Air Quality Standards– Not delivering Carbon Targets– Admissions to Hospital and Deaths attributed to traffic
related AQ and Noise• Emissions Control strategies – vehicle tax and Fuel duty
not delivering• Substantial reduction in Vehicle Kilometres necessary
– Every school a good school– Live close to work and Walk to shops– Use public transport or for necessary trips share ride– Adopt eco driving styles for essential journeys
• Sustainable futures rests with ‘doing things differently’
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
But…………..
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
For Interest: PM10 Levels in Four Cities
Cycle Taxi Car Motorcycle Minibus BRT Bus Train0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
Mumbai
Wuhan
Jakarta
Newcastle
PM10
ug
m-3
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
Concluding Remarks• Public Transport Operation should:
– Have symbiotic relationships with other transport systems– Accommodate non-motorised vehicles– Consider CO2 as a metric for performance evaluation
• ITS manage across modes and provide data to: – Inform/educate public– Improve operation– Monitor CO2
However:…….. Address need to travel…….. Land Use……… Education and Social
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
Thank you for Listening
Questions?
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
Acknowledgement EPSRC, Newcastle and Medway Councils and Dft, UK for
funding the research presented. Colleagues at the Transport Operations Research Group,
Newcastle University.
• Please take opportunities to reference the research presented. Consult the Reference list on the Personal webpage at the University www.newcastle.ac.uk
18th July 2013 Stakeholder Event SECUREAcorn Road, Newcastle
School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences Cassie Building Newcastle UniversityNewcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU
Prof Margaret Bell CBEScience City Professor in Transport and Environment, [email protected]
Professor Bell was honoured as CBE, Commander of the British Empire for her services to Sustainable Transport in 2006 and is the Chair of the ITS(UK) Smart Environment Interest Group which was launched at 13th ITS World Congress in London in 2001
Professor Bell’s has almost forty years of research experience which embraces monitoring, modelling and management of traffic, emissions, air quality, noise and exposure; evaluation of health and carbon emissions impacts.