1 The Traditional Boats of Venice Assessing a Maritime HeritageAn Interdisciplinary Qualifying Project Submitted to the faculty ofWorcester Polytechnic Institute in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science Submitted By:Sean Candlish Craig Shevlin Sarah Stout On- Site Liaison:Giovanni Caniato Submitted To:Project Advisors: Fabio Carrera H.J. Manzari Date: July 30, 2004 www.wpi.edu/~candy man [email protected]
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Venice has a special relationship with its environment one that is special to the
character and spirit that contributes to making Venice such a richly cultured and
artistic city. One cannot look at this cities relationship with its setting and notmention the special connection Venetians have with their boats. Without boats there
could be no Venice, boats have brought the city everything it has needed for survival
since it was settled in the fifth century. These handcrafted traditional boats are a
special piece of heritage, culture, and public art in Venice. Unfortunately with
advancements in technology, specifically the additions of mechanical propulsion to
boats, types of traditional Venetian boats have started to become endangered and in
some cases become extinct. This project evaluates the entire traditional boat
community in Venice in order to examine the role of traditional boats in Venice today
to help put a stop to their extinction.
Venice, Italy is an island that lies in a lagoon in the northwest of the Adriatic
Sea. Settled in the fifth century Venice, unlike other large cities like Bangkok,
doesn’t have cars on the island so the only possible form of transportation is by boat.
The Lagoon around Venice; however, is very unique in that it is extremely shallow in
most areas especially during low tides. So, the Venetian boats had to be highly
specialized to be effective in its environment. Traditional Venetian boats have been
handcrafted at the Venetian boatyards or squeri to meet every need for the residents of
Venice. There are a few characteristics common to all traditional boats in Venice.
These boats have a flat bottom with a shallow draft hull in order to navigate the
shallow water of the Lagoon. Another unique feature of traditional Venetian boats is
that they are rowed standing facing forward as opposed to the backwards version of
the English, this characteristic evolved because boats in Venice must be able to
navigate through the canals, shoals, reeds, bridges, and whatever other objects might
stand in their way. For this same reason the Venetian oar is used not only for
propulsion but for steering as well. Since the oar must take several positions easily in
order to provide power and steering for the boat, the Venetians developed an oarlock
distinctive to them. The fórcole is the Venetian oarlock that is able to handle the
many positions that the oar must take. Every traditional boat has evolved and been
built in order to fit its specific purpose. The Venetian boat builders or squerarióli
cared solely for the boat practicality and efficiency in carrying out its function.
stations, in Venice. These locations are important, because their demise coincides
with the time that motor boats began to gain popularity. Next, we mapped all of the
traghetti locations both past and present. These maps were created to capture an
important use of traditional boats both in the past and still today. Also, we examined
the gondolieri, our project includes a map with GIS of all the areas for the gondolieri. The gondolieri are important because they are a good chunk of the economy in
Venice and critical to the tourism industry. Another map we created was that of the
sandoli stations located throughout Venice. These locations are important because
they represent a commercial use for traditional boats. The sandoli work just as the
gondole do as a type of taxi service, rowing tourists around giving them a tour from
the perspective of the canal. Then we determined the pleasure uses of traditional
boats. This was started by mapping the 10 regate that are promoted by the city,
racers’ association, and rowing clubs. These races help promote the city’s sea culture
and aid in spreading enthusiasm for traditional Venetian boats. Finally we created a
map of all the remiere, Venetian rowing clubs, which keep the use of traditional boats
active through its members.
Venice’s traditional boats are still very alive today. Our project is a testament
that traditional boats are everywhere in Venice. They’re practicality can never be
replaced in many aspects of Venetian life. The Venetians relationship with their
traditional boats can’t be substituted with motor boats. Included in this project are
recommendations for various ways that traditional boats could be used in different
ways, along with methods of how to raise awareness and educate more people about
We would like to extend our deepest gratitude to those who helped make this project possible and our stay in Venice a memorable experience.
Giovanni Caniato- We would like to thank our on-site liaison for giving us his utmostattention and dedication to our project. Without Giovanni investing his time and knowledge of traditional boats we would not have been able to complete this project.
Settemari Rowing Club- For the past two months, the members have continuallyinvited us to partake in various events and made us feel welcome in their culture. Wetruly appreciate their generosity.
Saverio Pastor- For opening his shop to show us his craft and offering his time todemonstrate the different measurements of fórcole.
Maurizio Crosera- Maurizio dedicated an afternoon to showing us the location for thedifferent regate, and the information that they had for each including winners and times.
Maurizio Siega- We thank him for taking the time out of his schedule to give usinvaluable information concerning everything about today’s gondole.
Fabio Gherardi and the Arzanà Association- Fabio dedicated his time to helping uscomplete our fórcole inventory. We would also like to thank the Arzanà Associationfor allowing us to view their collection and experience Redentore on their traditional
boats.
Squeri Owners- We appreciate their willingness to answer our questions and talk openly about their ancient profession.
Professor HJ Manzari- Professor Manzari spent countless hours traveling to eachsquero with us and translating each question and answer for us. The squeri cataloguewould have been impossible without him. More importantly we thank him for hishospitality and doing everything to make our stay in Venice as enjoyable as possible.
Professor Fabio Carrera- We would like to thank Fabio for not only organizing our project and providing vital assistance, but for doing everything to make our stay inVenice enjoyable. Fabio spent countless hours visiting key people in the boatingcommunity with us and finding data and information essential to this project.
2.1 A Brief Maritime History...................................................................................162.2 History of Squeri................................................................................................16
2.2.1 Squeri Today...............................................................................................172.2.2 The Squerarióli ...........................................................................................17
2.4 Traditional Venetian Boats ................................................................................212.4.1 The Caorlina...............................................................................................21
2.4.2 The Batelon.................................................................................................222.4.3 The Batèla...................................................................................................232.4.4 The Peàta ....................................................................................................232.4.5 The Topo .....................................................................................................242.4.6 The Sanpierota............................................................................................252.4.7 The Sandolo ................................................................................................252.4.8 The Mascareta ............................................................................................262.4.9 The Puparin ................................................................................................262.4.10 The S’ciopón .............................................................................................272.4.11 The Gondola .............................................................................................28
2.5 The Vogalonga...................................................................................................292.5.1 Regate .........................................................................................................30
3.1 Domain of Inquiry and Definitions....................................................................323.2 Traditional Venetian Boats ................................................................................33
3.2.1 Cataloging Traditional Boat........................................................................333.2.2 Locating the Traditional Boats....................................................................343.2.3 Determining Rare Boat Types ....................................................................34
3.2.4 Locations of Abandoned Boats...................................................................353.3 Locating Traditional Boat Construction ............................................................36
3.3.1 Locating past Squeri on the De’Barbari Map.............................................363.3.2 Locating the Squeri .....................................................................................363.3.3 Cataloguing the Squeri................................................................................373.3.4 Inventory of Fórcole ...................................................................................37
3.4 Determining Work Uses of Traditional Boats ...................................................383.4.1 Locating the Fitabatèle ...............................................................................383.4.2 Locating Traghetti ......................................................................................383.4.3 Examining Gondoliere................................................................................393.4.4 Locating Sandoli Stations ...........................................................................39
3.5 Determining Pleasure Uses of Traditional Boats...............................................393.5.1 Locating the Regate ....................................................................................393.5.2 Locating the Remiere ..................................................................................40
4.1 Traditional Venetian Boats ................................................................................41
4.1.1 Catalogue of Traditional Boats ...................................................................414.1.2 Traditional Parking Spots ...........................................................................414.1.3 Locations of Abandoned Boats...................................................................46
4.2 Location of Traditional Boat Construction........................................................484.2.1 De’Barbari Map..........................................................................................484.2.2 Locations of Streets Related to Boats .........................................................484.2.3 El Fèlze .......................................................................................................494.2.4 Catalogue of Squeri.....................................................................................514.2.5 Locations of Squeri .....................................................................................524.2.6 Inventory of Fórcole ...................................................................................53
4.3 Work Uses of Traditional Boats ........................................................................534.3.1 Fitabatèle ....................................................................................................544.3.2 Current Motor Boat Rental Facilities..........................................................554.3.3 Traghetti......................................................................................................554.3.4 Gondolieri...................................................................................................564.3.5 Sandoli Locations........................................................................................56
4.4 Pleasure Uses for Traditional Boats...................................................................564.4.1 Locations of Venetian Regate .....................................................................574.4.2 Locations of Remiere ..................................................................................57
5. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ....................................................... 59
5.1 Restoration Plan .................................................................................................59
5.2 Further Research ................................................................................................595.3 Reintroduction of Traditional Venetian Boats...................................................595.3.1 Festivals ......................................................................................................605.3.2 Row Boat Rental .........................................................................................605.3.3 Vigili............................................................................................................605.3.4. Traveling Venetian Boats ..........................................................................615.3.5 Taxi Services...............................................................................................625.3.6 Appeal on the Web......................................................................................63
5.4 Final Thoughts ...................................................................................................64
VI. LIST OF FIGURESFigure 1: Squero di San Trovaso ......................................................................................17Figure 2: Squeri workers putting final touches on a gondola................................................18Figure 3: Front and side view of a 'work' fórcole .................................................................20Figure 4: Side and front view of a 'luxury' fórcole................................................................20Figure 5: ACaorlina ........................................................................................................22Figure 6: An abandonedBatelon ......................................................................................22Figure 7: ABatèla ...........................................................................................................23Figure 8: APeàta ............................................................................................................24Figure 9: ATopo .............................................................................................................24Figure 10: ASanpierota...................................................................................................25Figure 11: ASandolo.......................................................................................................26Figure 12: AMascareta ...................................................................................................26Figure 13: APuparin.......................................................................................................27Figure 14: AS’ciopòn ......................................................................................................27Figure 15: AGondola ......................................................................................................28Figure 16: TheVogalonga................................................................................................29
Figure 17: One of the many spontaneous regate................................................................30Figure 18: Venice and Surrounding Lagoon.......................................................................33Figure 19: Abandoned Traditional Boat .............................................................................36Figure 20: Several Parking Spots .....................................................................................42Figure 21: Bar graph of the total number of parked boats in Venice .....................................43Figure 22: Bar graph of total # of parked traditional boats vs. those parked w/o motors .........44Figure 23: Pie Chart of the Types of Boats in Venice..........................................................45Figure 24: Examples of parking spot errors........................................................................45Figure 25: Abandoned Boats in Torcello............................................................................47Figure 26: View of Streets Related to Boat Terms..............................................................49Figure 27: Squeri Map.....................................................................................................53Figure 28: Fitabatèle .......................................................................................................54
Figure 29: Sandoli Locations……………………………………………….................................56Figure 30: A Batèla a Coa de Gambero.............................................................................58Figure 31: Illegal Boat Activity ..........................................................................................61
This section includes information that is essential to understanding the project.
Specifics include: a brief maritime history, a brief history and description of the
squeri and the craftsmen that work them, the fórcola, the different traditional boats,
regate, and Arzaná, the group set to preserve and restore traditional boats.
2.1 A Br ief Maritime History
In the city of Venice, boats have always played an important role. Venice was
considered a maritime republic since it was settled in the fifth century. For more than
a millennium the Republic of Venice was considered a dominant sea power. Three
factors gave Venice advantages over other medieval trading city-states: the city’s
location, governmental policies, and the skills of the residents of Venice. By the
twelfth century, Venice had become the prime trading center between the eastern
Mediterranean and Europe.9
The Signoria, the senate of the Venetian government,
made trade a priority, and with the ships of Venice growing in purpose and carrying
capacity during the sixteenth century, the citizens were making a fortune. Boats and
ships were an essential part of Venetian life.10
During the Medieval and Renaissance
times, the shipbuilders and mariners of Venice gained fame for their state-of-the-art
vessels.
2.2 History of Squeri
With the art of shipbuilding of such great importance in Venice, squeri, the
shipyards for the building of boats, were found throughout the city. The squeri were
of different sizes and dimensions. Some were small, for building or simple repairs of
small boats; others were quite large, where they could build boats of much greater
carrying capacity or even ships.11 The most notable squero, the huge "State Squero"
that is known as the Arsenale, was where merchant and military vessels were crafted.
The Arsenale di Venezia was active in Venice beginning in the twelfth century.12
9 Martin, Lillian Ray, The Art and Archaeology of Venetian Ships and Boats. p. 310 Idem.11 http://www.gondolavenezia.it/history.asp?Capitolo=4 12 Idem.
not rely on plans or schematics to build their boats; they worked off inherited
knowledge of all features of a boat, much like a painter works from his imagination
and creativity.17 It was knowledge passed down from one generation of builders to
the next. The squerarióli relied on his vision of the finished boat, its expected
performance, and on his experience of previously built craft rather than on theoretical
knowledge.18
The process of boat-building used in the squeri is the outcome of a very
ancient tradition that may go back to the times when the town of Venice did not yet
exist.19 The first documents related to the squeri’s dated back to the 15th and 16th
centuries, show that the craftsmen already had developed processes for building. No
matter what size the boat, or even of the ship, the basic steps - the laying and
assembling of the first methods and the frames – were practically the same.20 This
uniformity of method and its continuation right down to our times is due, no doubt, to
the influential prestige that the Arsenale of Venice enjoyed.21
Figure 2: Squeri workers putting final touches on a gondola
2.3 Fórcole
Traditional Venetian row boats are unique from every other type of boat in the
world. Besides the boats unique construction characteristics, there are other attributes
that go along with traditional Venetian boats that cannot be seen anywhere else in theworld. The Venetian rows his boat facing forward, standing much like a man that is
walking through the streets of his city, passing from water to land and back almost as
17 Fullin, Giancarlo. The Boats of Venice. p. 33.18 Idem.19 Idem.20 Ibid., p. 34.21 Idem.
if they had never left land.22 For this reason the oar was made not only for propulsion
but for steering as well.23
Fórcole are the oarlocks unique to the traditional boats in the Venetian
Lagoon. The Fórcola is designed to satisfy the demanding, practical requirements of
Venetian rowing. The propulsion and maneuverability of Venetian boats depend on
the accuracy of the fórcole construction. Each fórcola is crafted from a single piece
of wood, usually walnut but sometimes cherry, pear, apple, or maple.24 Fórcole are
found in a countless number of forms. These forms depend on their purpose: work,
recreation, or regate.25 Even today, fórcole continue to be modified for increased
efficiency. Fórcole can be broken into two basic categories that broadly describe
them. Fórcole are built for work or for pleasure, the latter are often referred to as
“luxury” fórcole.26
2.3.1 ‘Work’ Fórcole
The “work” fórcole are built with the mindset of producing something
efficient, cheap, easy to repair, strong, and dull to the point where it would not be
stolen.27 In other words they are built from the bare essentials with resources that are
readily available. These “work” fórcole are generally not very attractive to the eye
and are usually straight up and down with little bend or angle.28
The inside of the
fórcola facing the rower is very flat and the rounded side faces out toward the water.
This is so the more refined part is facing the rower and the rounded part is outside so
it will not get caught on the banks or passing boats.29
22 Fullin, Giancarlo. The Boats of Venice. p. 24.
23 Penzo, Gilberto. Fórcole, Remi e Voga alla Veneta. p. 96.24 Ibid., p. 106.25 Ibid., p. 104.26 Penzo, Gilberto. Fórcole, Remi, e Voga alla Veneta. p. 104.27 Ibid., p. 105.28 Idem.29 Idem.
Another group of boats are those boats that could most commonly be found fishing. This group of boats included the topo and sanpierota. Today, traditional topi
are very rare, the few survivors have been saved from the scrap heaps by enthusiasts,
but the moto-topi are extremely common. The topo is a sailing boat that was
developed in Chiogga, where they were the choice boat for fishing.48 The traditional
topo has a middle part left as an open hold so the fish caught can be thrown into it.49
Motorized topi seen today have been modified to enable them to transport goods and
cargo.
Figure 9: ATopo
48 Fullin, Giancarlo. The Boats of Venice. p. 124.49 Idem.
The sanpierota was originally built to be a fishing vessel, and it was a very
popular choice among the fishing community.50 The sanpierota is a member of the
sandolo family, and while many boats have disappeared, this boat is unexpectedly
flourishing.51 Reasons for this boats popularity are its sturdiness, reliability,
roominess, and relatively simple maintenance.52 The name sanpierota comes from its
place of origin, San Pietro in Volta, which lies between the sea and the lagoon.53 In
San Pietro it is referred to as just a sandolo. Its shape and size make it unsuitable for
rowing with one oar, but it does well when rowed with two oars.54 The sanpierota is
most commonly found with a sail. Today the sanpierota are widely used for
excursions around the Lagoon.55
Figure 10: ASanpierota
2.4.7 The Sandolo
The group of boats commonly used for transporting passengers and light
goods includes the sandolo, mascareta, puparin, and gondola. The sandolo is most
common of the lagoon boats, because the sandolo and its variations can answer to
almost any of the needs of Venice.56 The sandolo family of boats can fish, hunt, carry
passengers and light goods, and race.57
Along with the gondola, the sandolo is one of
the only man-powered boats still used for commercial purposes, as it is used as a
water taxi the same way as the gondola.
50 Knopf Guide. p. 73.51 Fullin, Giancarlo. The Boats of Venice. p. 102.52 Idem.53 Idem.54 Idem. 55 Knopf Guide. p. 73.56 Fullin, Giancarlo. The Boats of Venice. p. 44.57 Idem.
The gondola is the most famous of the lagoon boats. Besides the sandolo it is
the only man-powered traditional boat still used for commercial purposes.67 Before
advances in technology introduced motors, there were as many as seven different
types of gondole each with its own unique purpose.68 Today only a few of these types
have survived but the gondola can be seen everywhere in Venice giving rides to
tourists or at the traghetti crossings where for 40 cents a person can cross the grand
canal in a gondola.69
The gondola is a beautiful vessel; this boat is the result of
centuries of development aimed at creating perfection for a given purpose in a given
environment.70 The gondola has gone through centuries and centuries of evolution
adapting to the needs of its current time.71 The gondola we see today is an example of
how its current uses has caused a change in the construction of the gondola. Today’s
gondola meets the need of a vessel used specifically to leisurely take tourists short
distances around the canals in only good weather. As late as the 1950’s the gondole
were still used for quick transportation to anywhere including the lagoon, so these
gondole were more concerned with speed and maneuverability.72 The gondola today
has made refinements for concern for the comfort of the tourists and little need for
speed and distance.73 The gondola is the only traditional boat that has really
withstood the test of time, thanks to the tourist trade. Other boats have been revived
but only for pleasure or racing. The gondola has become a key symbol for the city of
Venice.
Figure 15: AGondola
67 Fullin, Giancarlo. The Boats of Venice. p. 76.68 Idem. 69 Witty, Anne. “Beyond the Gondola” WoodenBoat. p 51.70 Lanapoppi, Paolo. “Six Centuries of Gondolas” WoodenBoat. p 47.71 Idem.72 Idem. 73 Idem.
The results chapter contains the data we collected through our on- site field
work as well as previously collected data. Using GIS, Microsoft Access, Microsoft
Excel, and other resources our collected information is shown visually through
various maps, charts, comprehensive databases and tables.
4.1 Traditional Venetian Boats
The results of this section are based on our study of the remaining traditional
boats. The data includes boat types, pictures, measurements, quantities, and locations
of the traditional boats in Venice. This data is presented through maps and a
database.
4.1.1 Catalogue of Traditional Boats
The catalogue we created using Microsoft Access provided an up to date,
electronic database of the traditional boats of Venice. The catalogue includes all
traditional Venetian boats, even the types which no longer have any examples left in
Venice. This catalogue is to be used as a reference to be updated with the quantities
of each boat type in future years. An example of one boat type from the catalogue is
displayed in Appendix B. This catalogue gives the viewer a very visual idea about the
status of traditional boats in Venice today. The catalogue gives the number of each boat parked in Venice today along with a picture of the boat. The entire visualization
gives people a greater feel for how the traditional boats of Venice are in jeopardy. A
great example is the peàta which was considered the first choice for transporting large
cargo in Venice, no longer has a single example parked anywhere in Venice. The
boat which was said to have had an integral hand in building the city, carrying every
type of building supply to the various sites, does not have a floating remainder.
4.1.2 Traditional Parking Spots
A map using GIS was created to show the traditional boat parking spots. This
was created to illustrate the current number of traditional boats that are parked in the
canals of Venice. Each type of traditional boat was colored a different color to further
illustrate the quantity of each boat type. Appendix D shows our GIS maps of the
parking spots colored to illustrate what type of boat is parked there. Each spot has
Figure 21: Bar graph of the total number of parked boats in Venice
The popularity of the next two most popular two types of boats, the topa and
sanpierota, can be attributed to the simplicity of attaching a motor to the rear of each.
Both boats are very sturdy, reliable, roomy, relatively inexpensive to maintain, and
both have almost vertical sterns. Along with their appealing looks they make perfect
boats to attach motors to. In figure 22 it is clear how the advent of the motor hastaken over these two types of traditional boats. Of the 380 total sanpierota parked in
Venice 143 of those are fitted with a motor. The topa is even worse, of the 408
parked in Venice 207 have been fitted with motors.
Figure 22: Bar graph of total # of parked traditional boats vs. those parked w/o motors
This should raise alarm for a number of reasons. There are large numbers of
motor boats throughout Venice; there is no need for any additional boats converted to
use motors. Motor boats contribute heavily to water and air pollution because of the
oil and gas that fuel their propulsion, as well as the noise pollution they produce.
Also their wake in the canals causes deterioration in the canal walls that leads to
damaged buildings. Finally, they take away from the heritage that comes with the
traditional Venetian boats. As more and more boat owners add motors to their
traditional boats the traditional boats will continue to become more and moreendangered until there are few or no left. At this rate examples of types like the
sanpierota and topa will be impossible to find without a motor. The topo has become
the moto-topo and is a popular choice for transporting cargo. In figure 23 it is clear
that motor boats are the majority of the boating community. Only 39% of the
registered boats in Venice are traditional, and 14% of those traditional boats have
motors added to them, leaving only 25% of all registered Venetian boats to be
traditional wood Venetian row boats. This shows a strong presence of traditional
Total Parked Traditional B oats Vs. Parked Traditional Bo ats w/o Motors
The results of this section were obtained through our prior study of squeri,
through the help of our liaison, as well as interviews with the squeri owners. The
inventory of squeri is crucial to the survival of traditional boats in Venice because of the importance behind their work of maintaining as well as producing traditional
boats.
4.2.1 De’Barbari Map
The De’Barbari map is a map that was created by De’Barbari in the 1500’s to
show Venice from bird eyes and is considered one of the first accurate maps. The
map was used to show where past squeri were located by coloring all the squeri on
the map yellow. This map allows us to visually see the prominent craft that building
traditional boats was at this time. Over a dozen squeri are colored in, including the
great squero of Arsenale. The Arsenale was one of the great shipbuilding facilities of
its time. It was said that they could produce a number of boats per day. Arsenale was
where all of the larger ships of the Republic were built starting in the twelfth century.
It is easy to see how prominent the Arsenale was just looking at its size. The greater
number of squeri and their greater size demonstrates how traditional boats were a
much bigger part of Venetian society during this period of time. It was at these squeri
that every single boat that allowed transportation for the entire city was crafted.
These squeri were essential for Venice’s survival. The De’Barbari map is illustrated
in Appendix E.
4.2.2 Locations of Streets Related to Boats
We created a GIS map which illustrates with the use of multiple colors the
streets in Venice which are related to boats or different boat terms. We used the
Tassini, a table which had the street names of Venice with a description about each
street to determine which streets we would include in our map. Then the streets were
colored based on which term related to the name. We found this map illustrates the
large number of boat related areas of Venice and emphasizes the traditional boats role
in building the city. This map strengthens the argument that when you’re in Venice
traditional boats are all around you, sometimes without even knowing it. These street
names a demonstration of the relationship that Venetians have with their boats, a
The art of fórcole crafting, like the traditional boats of Venice, needs to be
preserved. The inventory of fórcole was completed as a preservation project. Fórcole
need to be given proper attention for what they are, and that is an object of art. There
are only three remeri left today and only with their survival does the fórcole survive.
The Arzanà Association has 71 fórcole which are older relics that needed to be
catalogued just as pieces of art would be recorded. The Arzanà Association will have
the inventory as a reference for the types of fórcole in their collection. A sample of a
form completed for one fórcola can be found in Appendix S.
4.3 Work Uses of Traditional Boats
We determined three work uses of traditional boats, two of which is still a
current use. By researching the uses of traditional boats, the changes in the purpose
and functions over the years are analyzed. It was found that traditional boats aremostly used for pleasure purposes while the principle work purposes are the traghetti
personal transportation. Traditional boats are now most commonly used for regate,
festivals, rowing clubs, and other leisure purposes.
4.4.1 Locations of Venetian Regate
We created a GIS map of the courses of the regate which take place in Venice.The map includes the ten annual regate that are held throughout Venice and the
Lagoon, plotting their race course as well as their name. A database was created to
include the date of each regate and the type of boats raced in each. The map of the
regate is located in Appendix T. The regate are important to the traditional boat
community because their key focus is not just the sport and the ethical values that
come with the competition. The organizers have a wider scope in mind; they use it as
a vehicle to understand and respect the lagoon and help rediscover Venice’s great
maritime culture. These annual races usually held in conjunction with city celebrated
festivals lets anybody interested see a marvel of maritime history. For no charge
residents, visitors, or tourists can watch the gracefulness and ease at which the
Venetian boats are rowed. The attendees get treated to the near perfect relationship
that has evolved from centuries of Venetian boat builders.
4.4.2 Locations of Remiere
The GIS map layer that we created includes twenty-six rowing clubs in Venice
and surrounding islands. The locations of every rowing club are important becauseeach club has their own collection of traditional boats and some may own rare or
unique types of boats. For example, Figure 30 shows a very rare boat, the batèla a coa
de gambero, which is owned by Remiera Serenissima. The rowing clubs today have
helped to single handedly keep enthusiasm alive for traditional Venetian boats. These
rowing clubs bring excitement and use for these boats that have lost the allure in the
wake of motor boats. Their spontaneous regate and rare boats attract thousands of
Italians to these clubs. All in all there are about 28,000 Italians that belong to rowing
clubs in the areas of Venice, surrounding island, and northern Italy, which practice the
Venetian style of rowing. With this type of participation there is no doubt that
In order for the preservation of traditional boats of Venice to persist for future
years, projects like this as well as other preservation efforts need to be continued. We
developed recommendations to allow the continuation of this project and efforts like itto ensure the survival of the icon of Venice. In future years, our inventories will need
updating in order for Venice to have accurate information on the quantities of
traditional boat types and squeri.
5.1 Restoration Plan
A plan for restoring the extinct types of traditional boats was created to enable
the preservation of a valuable part of Venetian history. One possibility for preventing
more boats from going extinct is to have each of the Venetian rowing clubs adopt a particular type of endangered boat. The club would then be responsible for the boat’s
preservation. With our abandoned boats GIS map, rowing clubs can also locate and
salvage a traditional boat from the Lagoon and complete its restoration.
5.2 Further Research
The time constraint of two months of project work in Venice left us
developing ideas that there was not enough time to complete. Through our research
on the traditional boats of Venice, we have discovered areas that should be examined
further, perhaps in future IQP’s. The remiere have been mapped in GIS, but an
inventory of the boat types that each remiere own would produce a complete database
of the traditional boats of Venice. An inventory of the members of the remiere in
Venice would be useful to determine the quantity for each club. We also created a
map of the El Fèlze Association, but there was not enough time for us to visit each
business. Another suggestion is to complete interviews at each of these businesses to
determine their importance to the gondola and to Venice as well.
5.3 Reintroduction of Traditional Venetian Boats
Traditional boats will be reintroduced into Venetian culture by studying the
ways they are currently in use, and then by expanding these ideas to further the use of
traditional boats. We have gathered data on uses such as in regate, festivals, the
Vogalonga, and in movies. We are developing new uses for the traditional boats in
attempts to integrate them into modern society. Some of the boats may need to be
<http://www.gondolavenezia.it/history.asp?scelto=1.> April 20, 2004.
This site explains the gondola, its shape, size and features. It is a good background for information about boat types.Source: Google search, “Venetian History”
This is a website containing regulations for the gondola, gondolino, Caorlina, Mascareta, and Pupparin. It describes the uses for these few types of boats.Source: Google Search, “Venetian boat construction”
Fullin, Giancarlo. The Boats of Venice. Il Libreria Editrice, Padova: 1999.
This book brought us endless information about the various types of traditional Venetian boats for the background. This book has the most in depthinformation of each type of boat.
I mestieri nella tradizione poplare veneta. Quaderni del Lombardo. Padova: 1978.
This book contains the locations of the fitabatèle that were once located throughout Venice. It also provided us the years each site closed, which allowed us toanalyze the rise of motorboats.Source: Giovanni Caniato
Lanapoppi, Paolo. “Six Centuries of Gondolas.” WoodenBoat. No. 152,Jan/Feb 2000: p 42-49.
This article found in WoodenBoat provides with a great background on theGondola and how its change in purpose over the years. The article also included information on the squeri and squeri owners we documented.
Penzo, Gilberto. <http://www.venetia.it/boats/penzo_eng.htm> April 2, 2004.
Penzo, Gilberto. Fórcole, Remi, e Voga alla Veneta. Il Leggio Libreria Editrice,Padova: 1986.This source provided us a background on the fórcole. It also included English
and Italian terms which were using for our bi-lingual glossary. The book also showed us how to measure the fórcole and was the basis for the measurements we took ourselves.
“Transportation.” <http://www.veniceonline.it/Transportation.asp>. April 11,2004.
Tipologie dei natanti veneziani
Witty, Anne. “Beyond the Gondola” Wooden Boat. NO.153, April 2000: p 50-59.
This is an article about the decline of traditional boats in Venice and their usestoday. It includes details on several types of specific boats, as well as great
background information about the city of Venice and the groups trying to restore thetraditional boats.
“Vogalonga.” <http://www.vogalonga.com/inglese/history.htm>. April 12, 2004.
Zanelli, Guglielmo. Traghetti veneziani. Il Cardo Editor, Venezia: 1997.
This book was an excellent source for information on traghetti. The book provided past information of the courses of traghetti starting from around the sixteenhundreds until currently.
Museums
This is a website for the Maine Maritime Museum which has a library thatcontains photographs, books and magazine of historical, Maine related boatinformation. The information, although about Maine, could contain general
background boat information. Located at 243 Washington Street, Bath, ME 04530,(207) 443-1316.Source: Internet, Search for “Antique Boat Museums, Maine”
Wooden Boats
The Building of a Wooden Ship, Dana A. Story, VM 144 S76
This book is one man’s story of wooden ship building. The book has many pictures of the steps in ship building. Good for basic background information onwooden boat construction. However, it is mostly just the steps of construction.Source: Found when looking for another book
The Theory and Technique of Ship Design, George C. ManningVM 156 M27
This is a very technical book which focuses a lot on equations and moretechnical aspects. However, it does include certain characteristics of ship design.
Daniel M. Mack- Forlist & Arthur Newman, The Conversion of Shipbuildingfrom Military to Civilian Markets. VM 23 M23 1970
Has a good demonstration of tables recording data such as length and characteristics. The data is about topics such as fishing vessels but the methods of recording data could be useful. Also talks about shipyards.
“Art and Technology of Venetian Ships and Boats.” Technology andCulture. 43, No 2 (April 2002): 411-412.
A book review about a book about ancient Venetian Boats and Ships, theauthor mostly takes images of all the ships she can find a way of defining them and grouping them.
Culver, Henry B. The Book of Old Ships. New York: Garden City, 1935.
A book of the first traditional ships. Talks mostly about the very early Englishships, but includes ships from the Mediterranean such as the Barque Provencale,mostly from Roman Empire period. Also, uses boat vocabulary and terminology.
“Beyond the Gondola: A Panorama of Venetian Boats.” Wooden Boat. April2000, 50- 59.
This article from “Wooden Boat” describes our project well. It is about thedecline of traditional boats and the increase in interest to revive the lost types of boats.The information is very relevant to our projectSource: Fabio
Squeri
Caniato, Giovanni. Arte degli squerarioli. Associazione Settemari, Venezia:1985.
This book which was written by our liaison provides us with squeri data from1985, which we based our research on. The book includes information on the squeri such as there locations, ownership, and productions.Source: Giovanni Caniato
Lane, Frederic C., Venice and Its History. John Hopkins U. Baltimore: 1966
This source includes information about the Venetian economy during the timeof the Republic. The economy was fueled by Venice’s dominance in maritime tradeso there was a lot of helpful information about why they were so successful in thewater.
Source: Searched WorldCat, checked it out through interlibrary loan from BostonCollege.
Martin, Lillian Ray. The Art and Archaeology of Venetian Ships and Boats.Texas A&M P. College Station: 2001
Mostly includes the uses of ships and boats in Venetian art, however theintroduction to the book gives a good history of Venetian dominance in maritimetrade.Source: Searched WorldCat, checked it out through interlibrary loan from WheatonCollege.
Thubron, Colin. The Venetians. Time- Life Books. Chicago: 1980.DG 677.5 T48
Mostly describes ancient war ships and military defense. However, it talksabout production at the Arsenal and the materials used to some extent.
Head of the Charles Boston, MA October Largest 2 day regatta event in theworld, held each year on the CharlesRiver.
Head of the Potomac Washington, D.C October Regatta held each year by Potomacboat club. Starts in Virginia and racesto an end in Washington, D.C
Head of theOccoquan
Fairfax, VA November Largest end of the season regatta in theU.S. Held each year at Sandy RunRegional Park
Head of the Schuylkill Philadelphia, PA October Prominent regatta held each year atFairmount Park in Philadelphia.
Boston Antique &Classic Boat Festival
Salem, MA August Annual festival aimed at preservingNew England's maritime heritage
New England BoatShow Boston, MA February Annual weekend boat show held at theBayside Expo Center.
Boat Show at Bayside Boston, MA October Weekend long boat show held annuallyat the Bayside Expo Center.
Boston InternationalIn-Water Boat Show
Boston, MA September Large boat show held annually at theWorld Trade Center.
Connecticut BoatShow
Hartford, CT J anuary Weekend boat show held at theConnecticut Expo Center.
Norwalk InternationalIn-Water Boat Show
Norwalk, CT September Annual weekend boat show held atNorwalk Cove Marina.
Providence BoatShow
Providence, RI J anuary Annual weekend boat show held at theRhode Island Convention Center.
Newport InternationalBoat Show Newport, RI September Large weekend boat show held at theNewport Yachting Center Marina,Bannister's Warf, and Oldport Marina.
New Hampshire BoatShow
Manchester, NH April Weekend boat show held at theManchester State Armory.
Augusta Boat Show Augusta, ME March Weekend boat show held at theAugusta Civic Center.
Bangor Boating &Marine Expo
Bangor, ME N/A Weekend boat show held at the BangorAuditorium & Civic Center.
New York NationalBoat Show
New York, NY J anuary Large week long boat show heldannually in New York City at the J acob J avits Convention Center.
Long Island In-WaterBoat & HarborFestival
Bayshore, NY April Annual weekend boat show held at theBayshore Marina on Long Island.
Antiques & ClassicBoat Festival
St. Michaels, MD J une Annual event celebrates the areasmaritime heritage. The event held atthe Chesapeake Bay Maritime Museumincludes restored boats, maritime artsand crafts, wooden boatbuildingdemonstrations and live entertainment.
J une Festival includes food, liveentertainment, boat parade, andfireworks on the Potomac River.
Norfolk Harborfest Norfolk, VA J une Annual festival celebrates the regionsmaritime heritage. Includes a parade of boats, fireworks, live entertainment andboatbuilding demonstrations.
baonàr is said in the larger boats when one of the pilots, at the stern, drops the oar in thewater in a direction nearly parallel to the longitudinal axis of the boat and rowsbackwards to deviate the boat from the straight course. "Cio baona"
Baretèri They are the hat makers who make summer hats and winter caps for gondoliers.BatèlaBuranèla
The batela buranela is a working boat with the stem similar to that of the topoand the stern like that of a sandoli. It is probably a simplified version of thebatela a coa de gambero, an elegant boat which has completely disappearedwhich had rounded, upward-curving stern.
Caleghèri They are the shoemakers who make special shoes for gondoliersCaorlìna
The caorlina was a boat used for transport and for fishing, with symmetrical,crescent-shaped bow and stern, with a length of about 10 meters. Modernversions are used only for show or for regattas with six oarsmen. This and othercargo boats used a special type of forcola with three morsi aligned verticallywhich allowed oarsmen to maintain a comfortable position when the boat wasempty or fully loaded.
cómio literally 'elbow', the external curve of the stern fórcola for gondole; the
corresponding internal curve is called the sanca. cortèlo
literally 'knife': strip of beech added to one or both edges of the blade of the oarto increase the surface of the blade, and to increase its rigidity and durability.
dolaóra type of broadaxe with an off-set handle, used until recently by remeri for therough cuts of oars.
el fèlze
It is a dynamic system in which the boat, the water and the gondolier participate:the movement in the water gives symmetry to the asymmetry of the boat, balance
to imbalance of the boat, man and oar.félse, félze removable canopy in walnut, covered with black cloth with a bow facing door andsmall, rectangular lateral windows. Now no longer used, it was - until a fewdecades ago - an indispensible part of the gondola, offering shelter forpassengers in the winter or during bad weather.
fero a domaneghi, ado man
type of knife with a wide, curved blade used by remeri, coopers and others. Alsoknown as a raspa.
Ferro The decorative metal piece at the bow of the gondolaForcole A Venetian oarlockforcolìn oarlock with a single curvature for the oar (morso); also called a forcola a un
morso.Fravi They are the blacksmiths who make the ferro and other items in metal
gàmba removable canopy in walnut, covered with black cloth with a bow facing door andsmall, rectangular lateral windows. Now no longer used, it was - until a fewdecades ago - an indispensible part of the gondola, offering shelter forpassengers in the winter
girón the shaft of the oar which terminates at the point where the blade begins (calledthe entrar).
Gondolìn The gondolin is similar to the gondola, though smaller and lighter, used only forregattas with two oarsmen.
Indoradòri They apply gold leaf to the ornamental parts of the gondola. They work in thefinishing and decorating phase together with the Intagiadòri.
Intagiadòri They are the engravers of the parts of the gondola that can be carved.lài the side of the boat. Merarse al lai or essare al lai, means to mover or to be
drawn alongside another boat.lài (averela barca al)
to have the boats correctly leaning to the right.lài de mezo left side of the gondolalài de pope right side of the gondolalài roverso(stare al)
a boat that, due to an error in construction or for the incorrect position of the loador oarsmen, inclines to the left instead of the right.
Mascaréta The mascareta is a lighter version of the sandolo without nerve or trasti at the edof the forward deck. It is between seven and eight meters long, for a crew of two,used for fun or for women's regattas.
morso upward-curving part of the forcola in which the giron (shaft) of the oar is placed.naselo one of the two points of the morso of the forcolaoe! call that gondoliers shout when approaching an intersection of canals. In reply,
the other gondoliers reply indicating which part of the canal they are moving towith 'a premando' if they intend to move to the left, 'a stagando' if they move to
the right and 'de longo' if they move straight forwards.Ottonài/Fonditori
They are the craftsmen who make the brass horses and other ornaments inmetal.
parada(fare una) to cross the Grand Canal in a gondola with two oarsmen.parar to move the boat with the oar pushing on the canal bottom.Peàta
The peata was the largest transport boat used in the city canals, up to 15 meterslong with a capacity of 37,000 kg. Now completely obsolete, it was rowed by twopeateri either using forcole or simpler oarlocks called vogarissi fixed directly tothe boat. the oars were in fir-wood, six and a half meters long and made of twopieces.
penola the wedges which are forced between the gamba of the forcola and the slot inthe boat in which the gamba is inserted. These keep the forcola rigid and enable
the oarsmen to adjust the inclination of the forcola.pontapie wedge-shaped platform used by oarsmen to support the push given by the back
foot. Also called a taparin or tapo.popier,pupier
the stern oarsman wth the oar on the right side who - as well as rowing - steersthe boat.
poppa stern, backpremando to the left'. Gondoliers use the word 'premando' in this sense. For example,
"tegnive a premando" (turn left)premer
the 'push' stroke of the oar. The opposite of stalir (return stroke)provier,provin bow oarsman who rows with the oar on the left side of the boat.Prua upward-curving part of the forcola in which the giron (shaft) of the oar is placed.Puparìn The puparin is the most elegant of the sandoli, designed for transport for richer
families, it is now used for recreation and regattas. It has a very slender stern(from which it takes its name) on which the popiere rows. It is asymmetrical likethe gondola.
raspa see fero a do maneghirecia lierally 'ear': protrusion of the top part of the forcola
remèri,remero craftsman who makes oars and forcoleremiera(societa)
associations of Venetian rowing enthusiasts. They have various types of boatsmade available to the members, with which they organize excursions, regattas,parades for special occasions. They are identified by the colours of theiruniforms and boats.
sanca de la
forcola
the inner part of the curve of a forcola (usually the stern forcola of a gondola). It
is used in narrow canals when the oar has to be aligned parallel with the lengthof the boat, and for 'reverse' manouevres (a pope indrio) or (andar in sanca)
Sàndolo The sandolo is the most commonly used boat of the lagoon, characterized by aflat bottom, and the bow stem which is straight and identical to the stern. A largenumber of local variants exist, the sandolo ciosoto, buranelo, S. Pietro orsanpierota, as well as those modified for various uses including the puparin, thesciopon, and the mascareta
Sanpieròta The sanpierota is a boat for recreation. It is derived from the sandolo used byfisherman of San Pietro in Volta, and has been gradually widened to support alarger sail.
Sartòri
They are the tailors who make special clothes for gondolierssata literally, 'paw'. See gambaS'ciopón
The s'cioon is the smallest sandolo of the lagoon. It was designed for huntingwith a spingarda (a large gun) and for fishing with a pronged spear. It is usuallyrowed by a single oarsman.
sia stali,sia premi commands used by gondoliers: sia stali move backwards or stop veering to the
right; sia premi move backwards or stop turning to the left.siar, siare stopping the boat by levering the oar against the front of the forcolasoraosso piece of wood glued to the part of the oar worn down by being in constant
rubbing against the forcolaSquerariòli They are the carpenters that specialized in the construction of wooden boats,
including the gondola.stagando! to the right'. See also premandostalir
return stroke in single-oar rowing; the blade remains in the water and is angledso as to correct the direction of the boat. The opposite of premer
tapa 1) horizontal block in the middle of the forcola which seperates the gamba fromthe upper, visible part of the forcola. 2) transverse cuts in the blade of the oar inwhich lateral bands of beechwood (cortei) are fixed.
Tapessièri They are the upholsterers who make the cushions used in the gondolatirar (alremo)
thinning the oar along the shaft; carried out after having used the oar for sometime to allow the wood fibres to stabalize
tirar acqua method used to turn the boat by holding the oar vertically with both hands andmoving the oar rapidly from side to side.
Tòpo The topo, also called the batelo a pisso, is the most widely used fishing/transportboat of the lagoon. It is between six and twelve meters long, has the bow stemcurved forwards and a rounded stern with a vertical stem.
trastolini
fir-wood thwarts of the gondola; the pair of trastolini at the bow make up thebarcarisso, while the pair at the stern are near the trasto bagagli.
velada type of bow forcola characterized by the part on the opposite side of the morsobeing partially detached from the body of the forcola; this part is shaped like thetails of a tailcoat.
rowing technique used by the lagoon fishermen in which two crossed oars areused by a single oarsman.
Term Italianbaonàr dicesi quando nelle grosse barche, uno dei guidatori, stando a poppa, tuffa
nell'acqua il remo in direzione quasi parallela all'asse longitudinale della barca evoga alla rovescia, per far deviare il natante dalla linea retta che percorre.
Baretèri Sono i cappellai esecutori dei cappelli estivi e dei berretti invernali dei gondolieriBatèlaBuranèla
La batèla buranèla è un' imbarcazione da lavoro con l'asta di prua simile al topoe la poppa con lo specchio come i sàndolo. Con tutta probabilità è la versionesemplifi della batela a cóa de gambaro, un' elegante barca, completamentescomparsa, dalla poppa tonda e ricurva verso l'alto.
Caleghèri Sono i calzolai creatori di scarpe speciali per gondolieriCaorlìna
La caorlìna era una barca da trasporto e da pesca, dalle estremità simmetriche amezzaluna, lunga attorno ai dieci metri. Versione moderne sono utilizzate soloper diporto e regarta a sei vogatori. Questo e altre barche da carico utilizzavanoanche una particolare fórcola a tre morsi sovrapposti utilizzati in relazione aidifferenti assetti di carico.
cómio lett. gomito, curvatura esterna della forcola poppiera della gondola, ilcorrispondente incavo interno è detto sánca v.
cortèlo lett. Coltello, striscia di legno di faggio aggiunta, singolarmente o in coppia, ai latidella pala del remo per aumentarne la superficie, irrigidirla e renderla puiresistente agli urti.
dolaóra antica ascia di forma rettangolare, con il manico disassato, usata fino a nonmolto tempo fa dai r èmeri per la sbozzatura remi
el fèlze
El fèlze Era una cabina mobile posta al centro della gondola, riparo deipasseggeri d’inverno, di notte o in caso di pioggia e vento; veniva imbarcata solose necessario; aveva un’apertura davanti e una ‘portella’, finestrelle laterali, lavolta a botte. La struttura era complessa, oltre che riccamente decorata (legno emetallo). Ne erano artefici i felzèri, con il concorso di altri artigiani. Presente untempo in ogni gondola, modesta o ricca che fosse, da alcuni decenni è in disuso,perché poco funzionale all’utilizzo odierno dell'imbarcazione.
félse, félze cabina mobile della gondola in noce, rivestita di panno nero e dotata di unaportèla anteriore di finestrelle rettangolari sugli altri latti. Attualmente in disuso,fino a qualche decennio fa il f. era corredo indispensabile della gondola, offrendoriparo ai passeggeri durante la stagione invernale o in caso di maltempo
fero a domaneghi, ado man
sorta di coltello a lama larga falcata, che usano i bottai, i remai e altri similiartefici.
Ferro Ornamento in metallo per la prua o la poppa delle gondole o delle barche ingenere.
Forcole forcella del remoforcolìn
forcella del remo ad sola incavatura mòrso; dicesi anche f órcola a un mòrso. Fravi
Sono i fabbri e forgiatori dei ferri da prua e altri acciai. Intervengono nella ‘terzafase’ del complesso lavoro di costruzione della gondola, dopo che lo scafo èstato costruito, calafato, impeciato.
gàmba
genericamente la parte bassa di un oggetto, come la fórcola ecc.girón la parte cilindrica del remo compresa fra l'estremità superiore ed il punto, detto
Gondolìn ilgondolìn è una imbarcazione simile alla gondola ma più piccola e leggerautilizzata solo per le regate a due vogatori.
Indoradòri
Sono i doratori degli ornamentiIntagiadòri Sono gli intagliatori delle sovrastrutture scolpibili
lài lato di una imbarcazione. Métarse al l. o essare al l., significa mettersi o essereaffiancati ad un'altra barca.
lài (averela barca al) avere la barca corretttamente inclinata sulla destralài de mezo lato sinistro della gondolalài de pope lato destro della gondolalài roverso(stare al)
barca che per un errore di costruzione o per la disposizione del carico o deirematori e inclinata sulla sinistra, invece che correttamente a destra, v. lài.
Mascaréta La mascaréta è una versione più leggera del sàndolo, che non ha nèrve ne tràstial termine delle coperte. Lunga attorno ai sette otto metri e utilizzata, con duepersone d' equipaggio, per diporto e per le regate femminili.
morso incavo della forcola nel quale viene posto il girone del remo.naselo una delle due punte del mòrso delle fórcole.V. anche naso
oe! richiamo che i gondolieri usano come avvertimento all'approssimarsi di unincrocio di canali o di una curva. All' òe! Di riposta di un altro gondolieredichiarano da che parte intendono dirigersi, con a premàndo se vogliono andarea sinistra, a stagàndo se vanno a destra e de lòngo se proseguono diritti.
Ottonài/Fonditori Sono i creatori dei cavalli e degli altri ornamenti metalliciparada(fare una) traversata, traghetto, ( con gondole).parar spingere l'imbarcazione puntando il remo sul fondo del canale.Peàta
La peàta era la più grossa barca da transporto per I canali interni, arrivando amisurare 15 metri di lunghezza e oltre 370 quintali di portata. Completamente indisuso era vogata da due peatèri, o su fórcole o su scalmi più semplici dettivogarissi fissati all'imbarcazione.
penola ognuno del cunei di legno forzati tra la gmaba della forcola e l'apertura sullabarca allo scopo di tenerla ben ferma e di trovare l'inclinazione piu redditizia allavoga.
pontapie pedana a forma di cuneo, usata dai vogatori per sostenere la spinta del piedeposteriore. Detta anche taparìn o tàpo.
popier,pupier
il vogatore di poppa, con il remo a destra nella posizione più arretrata, che oltre aspingere la barca ha anche la funzione di dirigerla
poppa La parte posteriore della barchapremando a sinistra. Di pratici si usa sempre in questo senso la parola premando. "per
andare in piazza da che parte devo andar?:premer
la spinta che si imprime sul remo nel movimento di andata. Il contrario di stalìr.provier,provin anche provièr, vogatore di prua che ha il remo sul lato sinistro della barca.Prua La parte anteriore della gondolaPuparìn ilpuparìn è il sàndolo più elegante, nato per il trasporto di persone delle famiglie
denestanti, è ora utilizzato per diporto e per regata. Ha la poppa molto slanciata,(da cui il nome) sopra la quale voga il popièr e, particolare rimarchevole, èasimmmertrico come le gondola
raspa sin. di fèro a dó maneghi v.recia lett. orecchia, sporgenza posteriore della testa delle fórcole.remèri,remero artigiano che fabbrica remi e fórcole.remiera(societa)
associazione che riunisce nella laguna di Venezia appassionati di voga allaveneta. Dispongono di imbarcazioni di vario tipo, messe a disposizione dei soci,con le soci, con le quali organizzano uscite, regate o sfilate in occasione di
particolari ricorrenze. si distinguono tra di loro dal colore delle divise e delleimbarcazioni.
sanca de laforcola
la parte interna della curva di una fórcola, in genere quella di poppa dellagondola. Viene utilizzata nei canali stretti quando bisogna tenere il remoparallelo all'imbarcazione, e quando si voga all'intietro ( a pópe indrio) o (andàr insànca)
Sàndoloilsàndolo è la barca più diffusa in laguna, caratterizzata- oltre dal consueto fondopiatto- dal fianco e asta di prua diritti e specchio di poppa. Ha prondotto unagrandissima famiglia di varianti sia locali vedi sàndolo ciosòto, buranèlo, di S.Piero o sanpieròta, che modificate per i diversi impieghi fra cui il puparin, los'ciopón, la mascaréta ecc.
Sanpieròta La sanpieròta è un'imbarcazione da diporto, derivata dal sàndolo usato daipescatori di S. Pietro in Volta, progressivamente allargata per sostenere una
velatura maggiore.Sartòri
i calzolai creatori di scarpe speciali per gondolierisata lett. zampa. Sin. di gambaS'ciopón
Lo s'ciopón è il sàndolo lagunare più piccolo, nata per la caccia con la spingarda(s'ciòpo, da il nome) e per la pesca con la fiocina. Si voga generalmente da solialla valesàna, le sue fórcole, da sempre le più semeplici ed economiche,ritagliate da una tavoletta di modesto spessore, sono state sottoposte anch'essead una cura anabolizzante come si vede dall'illustrazione
sia stali,sia premi
modi di comando usati dai barcaiuoli come sopra, e che valgono il primo: daindietro o fermati, ma volgendosi a destra; ed il secondo: da indietro o fermati,ma volgendosi a sinistra
siar, siare frenare l' imbarcazione in movimento, anteponendo il remo alla fórcola.
soraosso pezzo di legno incollato sul girón del remo nel punto dove si e logorato per ilcontinuo sfregamento sulla fórcola.
Squerariòli Sono i carpentieri specializzati nella costruzione di imbarcazioni in legno, equindi anche di gondole
stagando! .a destra, nel linguaggio correbte deu gondolieri e barcaioli.stalir movimento di ritorno del remo nella voga singola, utilizzato tenendo l'estremita
della pala dentro l'acqua, per imprimere alla barca una correzione della rottaverso destra
tapa 1) fascia orizzontale al cento della fórcola, che separa la sàta rimane a contattocon l'imbarcazione. 2) incastro traversale nella pala del remo dove si inserisce ilcortèlo.
Tapessièri Sono i tappezzieri esecutori delle cuscinerietirar (al
remo)affinare il remo, alleggerirlo dal girón alla pala. Operazione che si esegue ingenere dopo averlo vogato per un po' di tempo per fare assestare le fibre.
tirar acqua metodo per far accostare la barca di lato, immergendo il remo verticalmente etirandolo a sé con le due mani facendolo oscillare lateralmente.
Tòpo il tòpo, detto anche batèlo a pisso, è una delle barche da pesca e trasporto piudiffuse in laguna. Lungo dai sei ai dodici metri, ha l'asta di prua curva distesa inavanti e la poppa tonda con l'asta verticale.
trastolini dim.di tràsti; tavole mobili di abete, appoggiate di traverso sulla gondola, sono Idue de prova che constituiscono il barcarisso, e i due de pope vicino al trastobagagli.